Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jian-bin Chen, Jin-guang Li, Rong Chu, Ya-qin Sun
Summary: The study found that under the research conditions, the activity coefficient of FeO was inversely proportional to the FeO concentration, slightly increasing with higher MnO content, but gradually decreasing with increasing basicity.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yong Lin, Baijun Yan, Yongpeng Wen, Ziqing Liang, Timo Fabritius, Qifeng Shu
Summary: The addition of silica to basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag improves its properties for use in the cement industry. The dissolution behavior of silica in molten CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MgO-MnO slag was investigated, and the effects of rotation speed, temperature, immersion time, and slag basicity on silica dissolution were studied. The results showed that silica dissolution rate was influenced by thermodynamic driving force and slag viscosity, and increased with rotation speed and temperature, while decreasing with decreasing slag basicity. The study also revealed a linear correlation between dissolution rate and cylinder periphery velocity, indicating the importance of mass transfer in the boundary layer.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jian-Bin Chen, Huai-Zhuang Luan, Hong-Hong Huang, Ming-Hui Zhao, Wen-Bo Pan, Zhi-Yu Chen
Summary: In this study, the activity coefficients of SiO2 and MnO in molten slag during the continuous casting process of high-aluminum steel were measured, and the effects of SiO2, Al2O3, basicity, CaO/Al2O3 ratio, and temperature on these coefficients were discussed.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Pang Zhuogang, Xing Xiangdong, Xue Qingguo, Wang Jingsong, Zuo Haibin
Summary: This article investigates the effect of Na2O content on the viscosity and structure of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-BaO-Na2O slag. It is found that the viscosity decreases and the excessive heat of slag increases with the increase of Na2O content. The structure analysis reveals that the depolymerization of [SiO4] tetrahedral structures leads to a reduction in the number of bridging oxygen and a decrease in the fraction of network former (AlO4).
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziwen Yan, Zhiyin Deng, Miaoyong Zhu
Summary: Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of adding CaCl2 on the penetration behavior of BOF slags in MgO refractory. The results showed that the penetration depth increased with experimental time. The addition of CaCl2 enhanced the penetration depth by reducing the viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle of the slag. Improved fluidity and wettability were identified as the main reasons for the increased penetration depth. The degradation of MgO refractory by CaCl2-added BOF slag was discussed, with both chemical reactions and slag penetration playing a role. The structure of the MgO refractory significantly influenced the degradation, as the addition of CaCl2 had differing effects on dense and porous refractory.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shen-yang Song, Jing Li, Wei Yan
Summary: The mechanism of carryover slag on steel during tapping was investigated, and the major reaction equations were confirmed. It was found that the increase of carryover slag amount led to a decrease in sulfur distribution but an increase in the number of inclusions.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yunming Gao, Hucheng Zhang, Qiang Wang, Guangqiang Li
Summary: The wetting and corrosion behavior of the corundum substrate anode by CaO-SiO2-MgO molten slag was investigated using the sessile drop method with applied voltage and SEM-EDS technique. The results showed that applied voltage can inhibit slag penetration, but high voltage can aggravate the direct dissolution and physical stripping of the anode.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Guo-xing Qiu, De-jun Miao, Xu-li Wei, Chong Bai, Xiao-ming Li
Summary: The melting performance and viscosities of CaO-SiO2-17.5wt.%Al2O3-MgO-2wt.%TiO2 slags were studied. The results showed that viscosity and the activation energy for viscous flow decreased with an increase of MgO/Al2O3, while they decreased with an increase of CaO/SiO2. The thermal stability of the slags was not significantly affected by CaO/SiO2. The optimal CaO/SiO2 and MgO/Al2O3 ratios were 1.24 and 0.37, respectively, which resulted in slags with good fluidity and stability.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jian-bin Chen, Hong-hong Huang, Rong Chu, Ya-qin Sun
Summary: Through experiments and analysis, it was found that MnO, FeO, and basicity have significant effects on the activity coefficient of MnO, the distribution ratio of manganese, and the equilibrium concentration quotient in the smelting process of high manganese TWIP steel, with the activity coefficients of MnO being less than unity.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yigui Lao, Guangqiang Li, Yunming Gao, Cheng Yuan
Summary: The wetting and corrosion characteristics of refractory by molten slag are important for understanding the corrosion mechanism and slag resistance. The study found that microporous magnesia aggregate has better slag resistance compared to fused magnesia. Slags with higher CaO/SiO2 value and MgO content have a greater ability to slow down the dissolution of refractory substrate. Surface tension and viscosity have a more significant impact on slag penetration than contact angle.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Anton Yehorov, Bjoern Bachmann, Xingwen Wei, Gert Bartzsch, Matheus Roberto Belle, Olena Volkova
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of V2O3 on the thermophysical properties of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2 slags. The results showed that increasing V2O3 content led to a decrease in viscosity, while the addition of TiO2 decreased viscosity and the addition of Al2O3 increased viscosity. Furthermore, increasing V2O3 content increased the density of the slags, while increasing Al2O3 content increased surface tension and increasing TiO2 and V2O3 content decreased surface tension.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaojun Xi, Chuanmin Li, Rong Zhu, Ben Zhang, Shiping Xi, Shaoying Li
Summary: The effects of slag components on the sulfur distribution ratio were analyzed, and it was found that the binary basicity and Al2O3 content were the main factors influencing the desulfurization process. Increasing the binary basicity and decreasing the Al2O3 content can increase the sulfide capacity of the slag. The desulfurization process is limited by the high content of oxides in the slag, but after the final deoxidation of the Si-Ca alloy, the desulfurization rate significantly increases.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Taichi Eguchi, Nobuyasu Nishioka, Hiromichi Takebe
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Al2O3, CaO, and MgO on the viscosity of FeOx-SiO2 slag melt and derived a viscosity prediction equation based on the slag composition.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Ruifang Wang, Bo Zhang, Yudong Liang, Chengjun Liu, Maofa Jiang
Summary: In this study, high-temperature simulation experiments were conducted to understand the foaming behavior of CaO-SiO2-FexO-MgO-based slag. The analysis of the melt structure using Raman spectroscopy revealed the micro mechanism of slag foaming. It was found that the degree of polymerization of the experimental slag had a positive relationship with the maximum foaming height.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinfa Liao, Gele Qing, Baojun Zhao
Summary: Due to its advantages of high productivity, high energy efficiency, and low cost, more and larger blast furnaces have been constructed worldwide in recent years. Slag plays an important role in producing high-quality hot metal and maintaining smooth operations in a blast furnace. Extensive research has been conducted on the phase equilibria in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag system to meet the changing requirements of blast furnace operations and raw materials. Reliable thermodynamic modelling is the target of researchers to accurately predict liquidus temperatures of the slag.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nirmal Madhavan, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Bapin K. Rout, Aart Overbosch
Summary: Generated droplets in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process play a crucial role in heat transfer, but there have been limited studies on droplet heat transfer. This study develops a global droplet heat transfer model by considering both kinetic and dynamic aspects, and predicts the temperature evolution of different zones during the blowing period. The results show the high temperature range of the hot spot and the efficiency of heat transfer by droplets.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuankun Zhang, Qizheng Wu, Zhuosheng Han, Akbar Rhamdhani, Chunsheng Guo, Geoffrey Brooks
Summary: An analytical model for predicting the Effective Thermal Conductivity (ETC) of sintered ceramic samples fabricated using bi-sized particles was developed in this study. The model estimated the sintering contact between grains by coupling the Monte-Carlo method with the neck formation theory. The model was validated through experiments and used to analyze the sensitivity of ETC to important factors of ceramic mixtures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Riyan Rashid, Syed Masood, Dong Ruan, Suresh Palanisamy, Xiaodong Huang, Rizwan Abdul Rahman Rashid
Summary: The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method, also known as selective laser melting (SLM), is widely used in metal additive manufacturing (AM). In this study, the design optimization and validation of LPBF-printed AlSi12 metal parts were investigated. Different topologically optimized lattice beams were compared, and it was found that the 1 x 1 lattice beam performed the best in bending tests. The mechanical behavior of these beams was influenced by the design elements and a new material model or simulation technique is needed to overcome this issue.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matthew G. G. Shaw, Matthew S. S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Alan R. R. Duffy, Mark I. I. Pownceby
Summary: In this study, the vacuum sublimation kinetics of the volatile oxides Na2O, K2O, and FeO in lunar regolith were evaluated for the extraction of metals. Factors such as temperature-induced evaporation flux change and sintering-related surface area reduction were taken into account. The results showed that there was no local maximum in the evaporation rate below the melting point, and the highest sublimation rate was determined to be 1200 degrees C for all species. It was also found that the predicted maximum sublimation rates differed significantly from the measured values.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. Shahabuddin, Geoffrey Brooks, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani
Summary: The steel industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and has a high energy demand. Current steelmaking processes emit significant amounts of CO2, and efforts are being made to integrate hydrogen into these processes to reduce emissions. Various technologies, such as direct reduction of iron ore and steel scrap melting in an electric arc furnace, show promise in reducing CO2 emissions, but face challenges such as availability of feed materials and balancing carbon content in the steel. Hydrogen-based steelmaking technologies are still in the early stages of development but have the potential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Further research and testing are needed to optimize these processes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
A. Q. Mairizal, A. Y. Sembada, K. M. Tse, N. Haque, M. A. Rhamdhani
Summary: A detailed techno-economic assessment was conducted to evaluate different scenarios of waste printed circuit board (PCB) metallurgical processing in Australia. The results indicate that recycling waste PCB through small-scale black copper smelting at a cost of AU$ 5.33/kg waste PCB can generate a potential revenue ranging from AU$7.3 to AU$9.3/kg waste PCB. Moreover, a small-scale centralized recycling facility has the potential to yield a cumulative net benefit of AU$ 175 million with 76% IRR over a 20-year plant life. The economic viability of the scenario is significantly influenced by waste input capacity, feed material composition, and metal market price.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aulia Qisthi Mairizal, Agung Yoga Sembada, Kwong Ming Tse, Nawshad Haque, M. Akbar Rhamdhani
Summary: Due to concerns over environmental impacts, hydrogen has been considered as a potential alternative to carbon in the metals industry. This study evaluates the use of hydrogen as an energy source and reducing agent in the processing of waste printed circuit boards (waste PCBs) from e-waste. Thermodynamic analyses were conducted to compare the effects of carbon and hydrogen during the reduction-oxidation process. The results show that the use of hydrogen can significantly reduce CO2 emissions and that waste PCBs can be used as a replacement for carbon in the reduction process.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuankun Zhang, Matthew Shaw, Geoffrey Brooks, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Chunsheng Guo, Zhuosheng Han, Thomas Jackson, Gregory Judkins
Summary: The prediction of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for sintered lunar regolith is crucial for the development of thermal processing and construction techniques on the Moon. Existing literature has mainly focused on packed lunar regolith without considering the sintering mechanism. This study presents a mechanistic model to estimate the ETC of sintered lunar regolith, incorporating the thermal neck resistance and irregular particle geometry. Experimental validation was conducted using fabricated lunar simulant samples with various granularities sintered under different conditions. The model was also used to simulate the heat transfer process during solar sintering of the lunar simulant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ahmad Rizky Rhamdani, Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani, Geoffrey Brooks, Mark I. I. Pownceby, Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Trevor B. B. Abbott, John Grandfield, Chris Hartley
Summary: Rare Earth (RE) elements are used as alloying agents to enhance the properties of Al or Mg light metal (LM) alloys. The current method of producing Al/Mg-RE alloys involves melting Al or Mg with the necessary RE metal, but the high cost of RE metals limits their application. Extensive studies have been conducted to find alternative production methods to make RE alloys more efficient and cost-effective. This study provides a comprehensive overview of alternative production methods, including metallothermic reactions, multistage reduction of RE compounds, and electrolysis. The study also discusses ongoing and future research recommendations for Al/Mg-RE alloys and their industrial implications.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Avinash Kandalam, Markus A. Reuter, Michael Stelter, Markus Reinmoeller, Martin Graebner, Andreas Richter, Alexandros Charitos
Summary: Part I of this series of papers focuses on the plant and reactor engineering aspects of TSL reactor technology. It provides a comprehensive overview of the technical advantages, reactor structure, and specific components, with a special focus on the reactor lance and associated developments.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Avinash Kandalam, Markus A. Reuter, Michael Stelter, Markus Reinmoller, Martin Graebner, Andreas Richter, Alexandros Charitos
Summary: This review paper analyzes the application of TSL bath smelter in various non-ferrous metal production processes and waste treatment. It discusses the reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, slag chemistry, and process flowsheets. The paper provides a concise overview of the chemistry, thermodynamics, and process details, as well as the simulation and digitization efforts related to TSL technology. It offers valuable insights for both scholarly researchers and industry professionals.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. Shahabuddin, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks
Summary: This article discusses the technoeconomics of hydrogen generation, transportation, compression, and storage in Australia, focusing on the cost and performance parameters of hydrogen generation and the economic analysis of compression, transportation, and storage. The study finds that reducing pressure and increasing temperature can improve the performance of electrolyzers. The results suggest that the levelized cost of hydrogen is expected to decrease in the future.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
E. Barberio, T. Baroncelli, L. J. Bignell, I. Bolognino, G. Brooks, F. Dastgiri, G. D'Imperio, A. Di Giacinto, A. R. Duffy, M. Froehlich, G. Fu, M. S. M. Gerathy, G. C. Hill, S. Krishnan, G. J. Lane, G. Lawrence, K. T. Leaver, I. Mahmood, A. Mariani, P. Mcgee, L. J. Mckie, P. C. Mcnamara, M. Mews, W. J. D. Melbourne, G. Milana, L. J. Milligan, J. Mould, F. Nuti, V. Pettinacci, F. Scutti, Z. Slavkovska, N. J. Spinks, O. Stanley, A. E. Stuchbery, G. N. Taylor, C. Tomei, P. Urquijo, C. Vignoli, A. G. Williams, Y. Y. Zhong, M. J. Zurowski
Summary: SABRE is a direct detection dark matter experiment based on NaI(Tl) crystals, aiming to validate the results of the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. This paper focuses on SABRE South and presents a detailed simulation and background estimation, expecting to exclude (confirm) DAMA/LIBRA modulation at a 4(5)sigma level within 2.5 years.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Avinash Kandalam, Michael Stelter, Markus Reinmoller, Markus A. Reuter, Alexandros Charitos
Summary: Top submerged lance (TSL) smelters are widely used in non-ferrous metallurgy. The technology allows extraction of various materials and can be operated under different conditions. Bubble dynamics play a crucial role in reaction kinetics and equipment wear.
REWAS 2022: DEVELOPING TOMORROW'S TECHNICAL CYCLES, VOL I
(2022)
