Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kayron Lima Silva, Samuel Filgueiras Rodrigues, Glaucia Maria Evangelista Macedo, Bruno Leonardy Sousa Lopes, Clodualdo Aranas, Fulvio Siciliano, Gedeon Silva Reis, Eden Santos Silva
Summary: This research investigated the Z-Phase solubility product of austenitic stainless steel used as orthopedic implants, revealing that the precipitates acted as softening inhibitors and suppressed grain growth.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mingxia Diao, Chunhuan Guo, Qianfei Sun, Fengchun Jiang, Liyu Li, Jifeng Li, De Xu, Chuanming Liu, Haolun Song
Summary: In this study, ER321 stainless steel is fabricated using wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) assisted with ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT). The mechanical properties and microstructure of ER321 stainless steel with and without UIT are investigated. The results show that UIT effectively refines grain structure, leading to improved mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Igor Litovchenko, Sergey Akkuzin, Nadezhda Polekhina, Kseniya Almaeva, Evgeny Moskvichev
Summary: The effect of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment on the AISI 321 type metastable austenitic steel was investigated. The treatment resulted in grain refinement, increase in strength properties, and changes in grain boundaries. The mechanisms of plastic deformation and strengthening were discussed.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Miaomiao Zhao, Hongyan Wu, Jianing Lu, Guosheng Sun, Linxiu Du
Summary: The study found that decreasing grain size can improve both the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel, with the UFG steel showing high strength, good ductility, and significant strain hardening ability.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Toshihiro Tsuchiyama, Kyoka Tsugumi, Tianze Ma, Takuro Masumura, Yoshinori Ono
Summary: The Hall-Petch relationships and the effects of nitrogen on yield stress at low temperatures were investigated for 316L steel and nitrogen-added 316L steel. The results show that grain refinement strengthening plays a significant role in increasing the strength of the steel at low temperatures, and the addition of nitrogen enhances this effect.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junheng Gao, Suihe Jiang, Haitao Zhao, Yuhe Huang, Huairuo Zhang, Shuize Wang, Guilin Wu, Yuan Wu, Honghui Wu, Albert Davydov, William Mark Rainforth, Zhaoping Lu, Xinping Mao
Summary: By massive nano-precipitation, the grain sizes of a near medium Mn austenitic steel were successfully refined, leading to a transition of deformation mechanism and achieving a unique combination of high strength and large elongation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Elham Sharifikolouei, Baran Sarac, Alexandre Micoulet, Reinhard Mager, Moyu Watari-Alvarez, Efi Hadjixenophontos, Zaklina Burghard, Guido Schmitz, Joachim P. Spatz
Summary: The hardness of AISI316-Ti stainless steel has been improved by generating an amorphous-nanocrystalline microstructure. The fully amorphous structure was obtained using a modified melt-spinning technique, and the hardness was characterized using thermal analysis and nanoindentation analysis.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sergey Akkuzin, Igor Litovchenko, Nadezhda Polekhina, Kseniya Almaeva, Anna Kim, Evgeny Moskvichev, Vyacheslav Chernov
Summary: The deformation microstructures formed by novel multistage high-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) and their effect on the mechanical properties of austenitic reactor steel are investigated. The results show that the multistage HTMT is an effective method for refining the grain structure and increasing the strength of the reactor steel.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nagasivamuni Balasubramani, Jeffrey Venezuela, David StJohn, Gui Wang, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: It has been found that refining the as-solidified alloy structure can improve structural properties and reduce solidification defects. External field melt processing and solidification studies have provided effective methods for refining the structure and exploring the mechanisms. The origin of fine grains may be attributed to heterogeneous nucleation, fragmentation of dendrites and grains, and separation from the melt and mold wall under vibration or agitation. This review critically compares the current understanding of these grain refinement mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Antti Jarvenpaa, Sumit Ghosh, Ali Khosravifard, Matias Jaskari, Atef Hamada
Summary: The novel processing route of double reversion annealing (DRA) in austenitic stainless steel showed significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to traditional processes. Superior combination of strength and formability were achieved in the DRA structures, surpassing other steel types like TWIP steels, TRIP steels, and 304 stainless steel.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mohammad Javad Sohrabi, Hamed Mirzadeh, Saeed Sadeghpour, Reza Mahmudi
Summary: The study examined the effects of nucleation site and morphology of deformation-induced martensite on the work-hardening behavior of TRIP-assisted austenitic stainless steel with different austenite grain sizes. It was found that the nucleation site of a'-martensite changed from grain boundaries to interior regions of deformed grains, and the morphology changed from blocky to film-like with increasing grain size. The formation of film-like a'-martensite on shear bands and their intersections resulted in higher work-hardening rate compared to blocky a'-martensite formed on grain boundaries.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingrui Chen, Yonghui Jia, Qichi Le, Shaochen Ning, Zhaoyang Yin, Chenglu Hu, Fuxiao Yu
Summary: This study investigated the acoustic pressure distribution and cavitation area of the dual-frequency ultrasonic field in magnesium melt using numerical simulation and experiments. The dual-frequency ultrasonic field was found to improve grain refinement efficiency compared to single-frequency ultrasonic fields. Adjusting the input acoustic pressure for the 15 kHz ultrasonic wave can enhance grain refinement efficiency.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qiyang Tan, Haiwei Chang, Yu Yin, Feng Wang, Danni Huang, Guofang Liang, Tao Wu, Ming Yan, Xing Cheng, Ming-Xing Zhang
Summary: Recent studies have found that the brittleness and property anisotropy of selective laser melting fabricated H13 tool steel are caused by elongated high carbon gamma thin films between columnar structures. By using TiN nanoparticles as inoculators, the columnar structure can be converted into equiaxed and refined grains, leading to the elimination of property anisotropy and an increase in strength and ductility of the SLM-fabricated H13 steel.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Igor Yu. Litovchenko, Sergey A. Akkuzin, Nadezhda A. Polekhina, Kseniya V. Almaeva, Evgeny N. Moskvichev, Alexander N. Tyumentsev
Summary: New thermomechanical treatments combining plastic deformation with cooling in liquid nitrogen followed by warm deformation and annealing are applied to form fine-grained structure in metastable austenitic steel. The structural-phase transformations during these treatments are studied by various analytical techniques. The treatments lead to an increase in yield strength and modification of microstructure and phase composition, improving the mechanical properties of the steel.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pavel Dolzhenko, Marina Tikhonova, Marina Odnobokova, Rustam Kaibyshev, Andrey Belyakov
Summary: The study investigates the change in the grain boundary network during recrystallization and grain growth in a 316L austenitic stainless steel, noting an increase in interruptions per grain with increasing grain size.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Roman, Chen Zhu, Ronald J. O'Malley, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang
Summary: The TC-HNA fiber demonstrated high resistance to macrobending loss in comparison to standard SMFs, making it suitable for sensing applications that require sharp bending. Experiments showed stable RBS signals with a single turn of 1 mm bending radius, as well as the capability for spatial thermal mapping. The high macrobending loss-resistance of the TC-HNA fiber expands the range of applications for RBS-based measurements to compact structures.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yanru Lu, Laura N. Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Simon N. Lekakh
Summary: A new method is introduced to study the high-temperature mechanical behavior of solidifying steel shell by applying a specified amount of strain at a controlled strain rate. Special mold configuration and real-time data monitoring system are used to predict the temperature distribution of the casting and determine the solid shell thickness during the test.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Richard Osei, Simon Lekakh, Ronald O'Malley
Summary: The addition of aluminum to ferritic 430 type stainless steel affects the kinetics of oxidation reactions, as investigated in an industrial slab reheat furnace under a complex heating atmosphere.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Damilola Balogun, Muhammad Roman, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang, Laura Bartlett, Ronald O'Malley
Summary: The study investigates the prospects of detecting peritectic behavior in carbon steels using solidified shell thickness measurements and real-time mold thermal maps. It was found that the unevenness parameter peaks around 0.14%C, and distributed fiber-optic sensors can effectively obtain real-time mold thermal maps.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yizhou Du, Ronald J. O'Malley, M. F. Buchely
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of solidification cooling rate on various aspects of non-oriented steel, including inclusion distribution, magnetic properties, and texture. The results show that higher cooling rates lead to smaller grain size and smaller inclusion size, while lower cooling rates result in lower core loss.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jacob M. Summers, Soumava Chakraborty, Laura N. Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Mario F. Buchely, Richard Pilon
Summary: The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of hot deformation on shrinkage porosity and nonmetallic inclusions in an industrially produced wheel casting. The results show that hot rolling can lead to pore closure and improved distribution of inclusions, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of the casting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Roman, Hanok Tekle, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Farhan Mumtaz, Jeffrey D. Smith, Laura Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang
Summary: This article explores the prospects of using spatially distributed optical fiber temperature sensors based on Rayleigh OFDR technology in the continuous casting of molten steel. The measurement capability of the optical fiber sensors in a simulated steelmaking environment was demonstrated. The embedded optical fiber sensors were used to measure the temperature distribution in the castable lining during the preheating process of the tundish and during its contact with molten steel.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Deva Prasaad Neelakandan, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Jie Huang, Ronald J. O'Malley
Summary: Real-time monitoring of the liquid core position during continuous casting of steel was successfully achieved using low-cost distributed optical-fiber-based strain sensors. The sensors were able to detect and monitor the position of the liquid core and the condition of the strand during continuous casting.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Amogh Meshram, Joe Govro, Ronald J. OMalley, Seetharaman Sridhar, Yuri Korobeinikov
Summary: This study investigated the reduction rate and structural changes of iron ore pellets through experiments and numerical modeling. The results showed that an increase in temperature and reactant gas flow rate led to a higher reduction rate, while an increase in pellet size resulted in a lower reduction rate. SEM and EDAX analysis revealed that an increase in the degree of reduction led to an increase in the porosity of the pellets and the fraction of iron phase. The numerical model accurately predicted the total time needed for complete conversion of iron ore pellets and highlighted the sensitivity of the reduction rate to changes in porosity and tortuosity.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jun Ge, Selvum Pillay, Haibin Ning
Summary: This review provides a summary of recent research progress on post-processing techniques for improving the structure of metallic components fabricated by additive manufacturing. The comparison reveals that hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is the most efficient and effective method for eliminating internal porosity. Traditional heat treatments (HTs) are still the best approach for altering the microstructure and improving overall bulk properties. Laser-based techniques are popular for surface modification, while mechanical methods like shot peening and laser shock peening facilitate plastic deformation to enhance mechanical properties. Electrochemical polishing achieves the best surface smoothness, and friction stir processing is effective for homogenizing the structure without significant grain growth. Advanced surface techniques, although costly, are suitable for specific requirements of high value metallic components. By optimizing process parameters and adopting in situ tools, the necessity for post-processing can be minimized. A complete post-treatment solution includes HIP, HTs, surface modification, and special processes.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yizhou Du, Ronald O'Malley, Mario F. Buchely
Summary: Electrical steels can be categorized into two groups: grain-oriented (GO) and non-oriented (NGO) electrical steel. NGO electrical steels are widely used as core materials in various devices. The magnetic properties and texture evolution of NGO electrical steels are influenced by factors like chemical content, heat treatment, and rolling process, making the development of new products challenging. This review summarizes studies on the magnetic properties and texture evolution of NGO electrical steels, indicating the need for further research to achieve high permeability and low core loss properties.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yu-Chao Shih, Mahmoud Mohamed, Jun Ge, Subhayu Sen, Selvum Pillay, Haibin Ning
Summary: Continuous fiber-reinforced plastic composite materials are increasingly used in additive manufacturing due to its ability to manufacture high-performance parts on demand. This study characterized the interlaminar shear strength of 3D-printed continuous fiber-reinforced plastic composites and found that it varies with fiber orientation. It is recommended to design with a balanced stiffness to fully utilize continuous fiber reinforcement.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bohong Zhang, Hanok Tekle, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jeffrey D. Smith, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang
Summary: This study presents the first in situ high-temperature fiber-optic Raman probe capable of studying the structure of glass and slag samples at temperatures up to 1400 degrees C. By integrating a customized external telescope into a portable fiber-optic Raman probe, the optical working distance was extended to enable high-temperature operation. The probe successfully collected and analyzed Raman spectra at both room temperature and high temperatures, and a deconvolution algorithm was used to identify molecular structure components. This method holds great potential for applications in materials development, composition and structure monitoring, chemical identification, and process monitoring in industrial production.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abhishek Prakash Hungund, Hanok Tekle, Bohong Zhang, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jeffrey D. Smith, Rex E. Gerald II, Jie Huang
Summary: This paper introduces a novel method of monitoring the structural features of a mold flux film in real time. By using an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) at different steps of the mold, interferograms were acquired and processed to measure the air gap and thickness of the flux film. The results demonstrate the potential of this system in process control and optimization of steel making.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Muhammad Roman, Damilola Balogun, Chen Zhu, Laura Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang
Summary: This article presents a technique to embed optical fiber into a copper mold plate for generating high-density thermal maps during metal casting. Temperature measurements based on Rayleigh backscattering signals from embedded fiber were successfully conducted using optical frequency domain reflectometry. The experiments demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of using RBS-based fiber-optic sensing for generating information-rich thermal maps of caster molds.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
