Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Edoardo Muratore, Francesco Baccelli, Davide Leardini, Caterina Campoli, Tamara Belotti, Pierluigi Viale, Arcangelo Prete, Andrea Pession, Riccardo Masetti, Daniele Zama
Summary: Antimicrobial stewardship programs in pediatric oncology have been shown to be effective in reducing antibiotic usage and improving outcomes. However, there is limited research in this area, with different interventions and evaluation parameters used across studies. Standardized approaches are needed to better understand the impact of antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric oncology patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reena Perchard, Philip George Murray, Peter Ellis Clayton
Summary: The evaluation of short children involves determining whether growth parameters are abnormal and conducting system and hormonal tests, as well as more targeted testing. Genetic analysis may be necessary for children whose diagnosis remains unclear. New genetic causes for short stature are continuously being discovered, expanding the clinical spectrum for known genes. The establishment of an international repository for short stature conditions is recommended for dissemination of knowledge and defining clinical spectrum.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Ishwar C. Verma, Sameer Bhatia, Veronica Arora
Summary: Genetic testing plays a crucial role in the treatment of childhood epilepsy, helping to determine etiological diagnosis, provide prognostic information, guide treatment plans, and avoid drugs that may worsen seizures. Additionally, it can provide counseling on the risk of recurrence to patients and at-risk relatives, as well as offer different reproductive options.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Timothy J. Savage, Shun Rao, Jill Joerger, Al Ozonoff, Alexander J. McAdam, Thomas J. Sandora
Summary: The study has identified that direct disk diffusion testing is highly predictive of susceptibility for many common organism-antibiotic combinations and provides actionable information one day earlier than standard susceptibility approaches. However, the negative predictive value of dDD is variable and frequently lower than the positive predictive value. Antibiotics were narrowed in 30% of cases after a dDD result and a further 25% of cases after AST result.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Meijia Zhu, Teng Xu, Yongqiang Cheng, Bo Ma, Jian Xu, Zhidian Diao, Fei Wu, Jing Dai, Xiao Han, Pengfei Zhu, Chao Pang, Jing Li, Hongwei Wang, Ranran Xu, Xiaotong Li
Summary: This study introduced a bacteria separation integrated AST chip that can extract bacteria from positive blood cultures and provide susceptibility information quickly. The chip has the potential to be a fast and reliable tool for pathogen characterization in clinical diagnosis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Margaret A. Kenna
Summary: The approach to clinical evaluation of children with hearing loss has significantly changed in the past 25 years since the discovery of the first human deafness gene. What used to be an unproductive and scattered approach has now become a clearly defined pathway involving genetic testing, imaging, and congenital cytomegalovirus testing. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure the proper use of these tests, especially genetic testing.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lisa E. Dumkow, Lacy J. Worden, Sonia N. Rao
Summary: Syndromic diagnostic tests are a novel approach to rapidly diagnose common infectious diseases. By carefully implementing these tests and collaborating with antimicrobial stewardship programs, patient outcomes can be improved through optimized laboratory workflow and judicious use of antimicrobials.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Dalya M. Ferguson, Alexandra B. Ferrante, Hillary A. Orr, Seyed A. Arshad, Maile E. Curbo, Tayler D. Parker, Michael L. Chang, KuoJen Tsao
Summary: The study evaluated the adherence to clinical practice guidelines in pediatric appendicitis surgery. The results showed low adherence, and while guideline violation was associated with reoperation, it had no significant correlation with other postoperative complications. Regular audits of guideline adherence are necessary to improve compliance.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Borja Guarch-Ibanez, Aurora Fernandez-Polo, Sergi Hernandez, Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz, Montse Gimenez, Pere Sala-Castellvi, Valenti Pineda, Susana Melendo
Summary: In recent years, Spain has implemented various programs to optimize antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric care. However, there is limited information on the current status of these programs. A survey was conducted in hospitals affiliated with the VINCat pediatric PROA group in Catalonia to assess the current use of antimicrobials in pediatric care. The results showed that only 12% of the hospitals had a pediatric PROA program in operation, indicating the need for further development and resource allocation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lisa P. Spees, Karen Hicklin, Michael C. Adams, Laura Farnan, Jeannette T. Bensen, Donna B. Gilleskie, Jonathan S. Berg, Bradford C. Powell, Kristen Hassmiller Lich
Summary: This study aims to develop a method for identifying patients with suspected genetic diseases and assess their healthcare utilization. The results show that code-based strategies can accurately determine the presence of genetic diseases and contribute to comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for patients.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lana Dbeibo, Christine W. Lucky, William F. Fadel, Joshua Sadowski, Cole Beeler, Kristen Kelley, Joy Williams, Douglas Webb, Areeba Kara
Summary: This study aimed to examine the impact of changing the CDI diagnostic methods and the way the testing results were displayed on CDI-specific treatment rates. The results showed that patients tested using the two-step algorithm were less likely to receive CDI-specific therapy without restricting clinician diagnostic ordering.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Megan Hamner, Amanda Nedved, Holly Austin, Donna Wyly, Alaina Burns, Kathleen Berg, Brian Lee, Rana E. El Feghaly
Summary: The study aimed to increase the percentage of pediatric patients receiving 5 to 7 days of oral antibiotics for skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in pediatric urgent care clinics. Through cause-and-effect analysis and surveys, primary drivers for hesitation with short antibiotic courses were identified. By implementing improvement cycles, the percentage of children receiving the recommended antibiotic course exceeded 85% with sustained improvement. There was no increase in patients returning to the clinics with an SSTI diagnosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rainer Tan, Godfrey Kavishe, Lameck B. Luwanda, Alexandra V. Kulinkina, Sabine Renggli, Chacha Mangu, Geofrey Ashery, Margaret Jorram, Ibrahim Evans Mtebene, Peter Agrea, Humphrey Mhagama, Alan Vonlanthen, Vincent Faivre, Julien Thabard, Gillian Levine, Marie-Annick Le Pogam, Kristina Keitel, Patrick Taffe, Nyanda Ntinginya, Honorati Masanja, Valerie D'Acremont
Summary: A study in Tanzania found that implementing a decision support algorithm, ePOCT+, significantly reduced antibiotic prescriptions for children without impacting clinical outcomes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hadley Stevens Smith, Rachel Franciskovich, Andrea M. Lewis, Amanda Gerard, Rebecca O. Littlejohn, Kimberly Nugent, Janah Rodriguez, Haley Streff
Summary: Although there was a high rate of PAR approval, our findings suggest that insurance coverage remains a barrier to genetic testing. Completed genetic testing had a high diagnostic yield in our sample. Further evidence of clinical utility and development of clinical practice guidelines may improve access to testing in the future.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Adam W. Brothers, Daniel J. Pak, Nicole M. Poole, Matthew P. Kronman, Brendan Bettinger, Jennifer J. Wilkes, Paul A. Carpenter, Janet A. Englund, Scott J. Weissman
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing individualized antibiotic plans (IAPs) in high-risk hematopoietic cell transplant patients. The results showed a reduction in overall antibiotic use without an increase in bloodstream infection or Clostridioides difficile positivity rate after the implementation of IAPs. Providers found IAPs to be a valuable tool in antibiotic decision making.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)