Review
Clinical Neurology
Madhu Jasti, Krishna Nalleballe, Vasuki Dandu, Sanjeeva Onteddu
Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a serious pandemic, with reports of the virus affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. Various neuropsychiatric manifestations have been reported, including loss of smell, loss of taste, and central respiratory failure.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Medha Rao, Katherine Young, Ladonya Jackson-Cowan, Arianne Kourosh, Nicholas Theodosakis
Summary: Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation is a common pigmentary disorder that affects skin of color and has significant cosmetic and psychosocial implications. While most cases resolve spontaneously, a systematic diagnostic approach is important for identifying the underlying cause and informing treatment strategies. Understanding the epidemiology, patient history, physical exam findings, and clinical features of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation can help providers explain the primary cause and educate patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amer Jamalpoor, Amr Othman, Elena N. Levtchenko, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Manoe J. Janssen
Summary: Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe systemic disorder caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, primarily affecting the kidneys. Recent studies have shown that the loss of cystinosin leads to disrupted autophagy dynamics, accumulation of distorted mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, resulting in abnormal proliferation and dysfunction of kidney cells.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas Greuter, Florian Rieder, Torsten Kucharzik, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Alain M. Schoepfer, David T. Rubin, Stephan R. Vavricka
Summary: Extraintestinal manifestations are commonly seen in IBD patients and have long been considered challenging to treat due to limited therapy options. However, the increasing use of anti-tumour necrosis factors has significantly changed the therapeutic approach. Emerging therapies like JAK inhibitors and anti-interleukin 12/23 are expected to further shape the available treatment options.
Article
Pathology
Elma Pasalic, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Altijana Hromic-Jahjefendic
Summary: The human endometrium is a complex tissue that undergoes a monthly cycle of thickening and shedding without scarring or loss of function. Endometriosis is a reproductive disease where endometrium is found outside the uterus, affecting 6-10% of reproductive-age women worldwide. It causes pain, heavy bleeding, and infertility. The disease is believed to originate from viable endometrial cells that flow back into the peritoneum during retrograde menstruation. Treatment options include surgery, hormonal therapy, medication, diet and exercise, and in severe cases, hysterectomy.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wojciech Zwierello, Krzysztof Piorun, Marta Skorka-Majewicz, Agnieszka Maruszewska, Jacek Antoniewski, Izabela Gutowska
Summary: Burns and their treatment pose a significant medical problem due to the compromised skin barrier function, which can lead to infection. The repair process is hindered by fluid and mineral loss, hypermetabolism, disrupted nutrient supply, and endocrine system disturbances. Inflammatory and free radical processes further escalate oxidative stress, which can be mitigated by adequate antioxidants and minerals. Clinical experience and research continually improve the efficacy of thermal injury treatment. This publication discusses disorders and treatment methods at different stages of thermal injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Roberta Elisa Rossi, Alessandra Elvevi, Valentina Sciola, Francesco Vito Mandarino, Silvio Danese, Pietro Invernizzi, Sara Massironi
Summary: Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells and resulting in hypo/anacidity and loss of intrinsic factor. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of AIG, including its clinical manifestations and management options.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Soraya Arzhan, Susie Q. Lew, Todd S. Ing, Antonios H. Tzamaloukas, Mark L. Unruh
Summary: Patients with chronic kidney disease are predisposed to dysnatremias due to decreased kidney function. Studies show a higher prevalence of hyponatremia and hypernatremia in these patients than in the general population. Dysnatremias are associated with adverse clinical conditions and mortality, highlighting the need for further research in their treatment and prevention.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Maryam Koupaei, Mohamad Hosein Mohamadi, Ilya Yashmi, Amir Hossein Shahabi, Amir Hosein Shabani, Mohsen Heidary, Saeed Khoshnood
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the features of COVID-19 relapse patients. The findings suggest that COVID-19 recurrence is a significant issue and should be considered in COVID-19 management. Additionally, the clinical features of the first and second COVID-19 infections are similar and require uniform data for comparison.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hiroki Nishikawa, Shinya Fukunishi, Akira Asai, Keisuke Yokohama, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Summary: Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is closely related to mobility, falls, and frailty in the elderly population. Research indicates that factors such as lack of exercise, malnutrition, and hormonal changes contribute to the degradation of muscle proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Mroczek, Stanley Iyadurai
Summary: PURA-related neurodevelopmental disorders (PURA-NDDs) are rare genetic diseases caused by pathogenic variants in the PURA gene. These disorders are characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, abnormal movements, and epilepsy. While they are primarily considered to be central nervous system disorders, there is evidence suggesting a peripheral (neuromuscular) source of weakness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Surajit Gorai, Shahzaib Ahmad, Syeda Sadia Masood Raza, Hadin Darain Khan, Muhammad Asad Raza, Farshid Etaee, Clay J. Cockerell, Zoe Apalla, Mohamad Goldust
Summary: Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign tumor that can occur in any part of the body and is often removed for cosmetic reasons. It is more common in males, and age is a factor in its development. Factors such as UV exposure and human papillomavirus infection may be associated with its pathogenesis.
DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Michela Giustozzi, Hanne Ehrlinder, Dario Bongiovanni, Josip A. Borovac, Rui Azevedo Guerreiro, Aleksandra Gasecka, Panteleimon E. Papakonstantinou, William A. E. Parker
Summary: Sepsis is a complex syndrome with a high incidence, with coagulopathy being a leading factor associated with mortality. Thrombocytopenia is a known predictor of worse prognosis during sepsis.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Priya Sharma, Rena Yadlapati
Summary: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder with complex pathogenesis involving chemical, mechanical, psychologic, and neurologic mechanisms. Treatment of GERD should consider factors beyond acid and focus on therapeutic advances for better management.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Julie Goswami, Taleen A. MacArthur, Meera Sridharan, Rajiv K. Pruthi, Robert D. McBane, Thomas E. Witzig, Myung S. Park
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with significant coagulopathy, leading to increased rates of venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Inflammatory response in COVID-19 is linked to coagulopathy, posing challenges for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombotic complications. Endothelial injury and augmented innate immune response play a role in the development of thrombosis in COVID-19.