Review
Immunology
Nupur Biswas, Shweta Chakrabarti, Vijay Padul, Lawrence D. Jones, Shashaanka Ashili
Summary: Neoantigen vaccines are being developed to target specific mutated proteins in cancer cells and stimulate the immune system to fight against them. Advances in sequencing technology and computational tools have facilitated the design of these vaccines and several clinical trials have been conducted. This review examines the design criteria, processes, and challenges associated with neoantigens, as well as the outcomes of ongoing clinical trials. The review concludes that neoantigen vaccines have shown promising efficacy in boosting the immune response against cancer cells and have the potential to be used in the treatment of various types of cancers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura M. Harbin, Holly H. Gallion, Derek B. Allison, Jill M. Kolesar
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecologic malignancy, and precision medicine and molecular biomarker testing can help improve treatment outcomes.
Review
Oncology
Alec J. Redwood, Ian M. Dick, Jenette Creaney, Bruce W. S. Robinson
Summary: The process of tumorigenesis results in genetic changes in tumor cells that have potential to serve as tumor-specific immune targets when expressed. Neoantigen vaccines, harnessing this immunogenicity, have shown efficacy in preclinical models and are now in clinical trials. The challenges in the personalized neoantigen vaccine field include identifying targetable antigens and addressing preexisting immunosuppression, particularly T-cell exhaustion, for the development of effective cancer vaccines.
Article
Oncology
Rupen Desai, Andrew T. Coxon, Gavin P. Dunn
Summary: This article provides an overview of the importance of the immune system in cancer therapy, discussing the immunoediting hypothesis and the development and application of immunotherapy.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jose Alexandre Ferreira, Marta Relvas-Santos, Andreia Peixoto, Andre M. N. Silva, Lucio Lara Santos
Summary: Molecular-assisted precision oncology, supported by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, has laid the foundation for genomics-based cancer medicine, but the low mutational burden of many lesions poses challenges to generalizing solutions, requiring a diversification of new antigen sources. Customized protein annotation databases for mass spectrometry to explore protein forms generated by post-translational modifications are crucial. Researchers envision that this concept may generate novel paradigms for precision oncology and immunotherapy.
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yiran Zheng, Zhiyuan Zhong
Summary: Cancer vaccines have become powerful and clinically viable therapeutic modalities for reducing tumor burden, eradicating residual cancer cells, and preventing relapse. Recent years have seen rapid advancements in next-generation cancer vaccines, with cutting-edge technologies focused on eliciting robust and durable immune responses specific to cancer, as well as reducing systemic side effects. This perspective highlights innovative strategies such as high-throughput screening for neoantigens and optimal delivery systems, knowledge-based de novo design of effective delivery platforms with tissue-targeting specificity, and synergizing cancer vaccines with clinical immunotherapeutic practices like CAR-T and anti-PD-1 therapies.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carson R. Reynolds, Son Tran, Mohit Jain, Aru Narendran
Summary: Neoantigen-based immunotherapeutic approaches have become an effective and highly tolerable therapeutic option in the rapidly evolving field of cancer treatment.
Review
Oncology
Yu Cai, Rui Chen, Shenghan Gao, Wenqing Li, Yuru Liu, Guodong Su, Mingming Song, Mengju Jiang, Chao Jiang, Xi Zhang
Summary: The field of cancer neoantigen investigation has advanced rapidly in recent years. Machine learning approaches, particularly deep learning tools and pipelines, have been applied to improve neoantigen prediction. This review article summarizes the current state-of-the-art tools and techniques, including genetic variant calling, binding affinity prediction, and immunogenicity characterization. Integrated pipelines using hybrid or combined machine learning algorithms are becoming more popular, and future trends and challenges in optimizing and integrating these pipelines are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rayane da Silva Abreu, Deborah Antunes, Aline dos Santos Moreira, Fabio Passetti, Julia Badaro Mendonca, Natassia Silva de Araujo, Tayanne Felippe Sassaro, Anael Viana Pinto Alberto, Nina Carrossini, Priscila Valverde Fernandes, Mayla Abrahim Costa, Ana Carolina Ramos Guimaraes, Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave, Mariana Caldas Waghabi
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecological tumor, ranking among the seven most common cancers in women due to its difficulty in early detection. This study analyzed aptamers and their potential targets in ovarian cancer cells using computational approaches. Specific aptamers were selected using the Cell-SELEX method, and their potential targets were proposed based on proteomic data analysis. Four specific aptamers for ovarian tumors were identified, and their potential targets were determined through Molecular Docking.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Katherine I. Foster, Kenna R. M. Shaw, Jeff Jin, Shannon N. Westin, Timothy A. Yap, Deanna M. Glassman, Amir A. Jazaeri, Jose A. Rauh-Hain, Sanghoon Lee, Bryan M. Fellman, Zhenlin Ju, Yuexin Liu, Nicole D. Fleming, Anil K. Sood
Summary: This study assessed the clinical relevance of tumor-based next-generation sequencing in patients with ovarian cancer. It found that tumor-based next-generation sequencing often provides clinically relevant information, helping to identify therapeutic targets and guide the development of clinical decision support tools.
Review
Oncology
Ya-Juan Zhu, Xiong Li, Ting-Ting Chen, Jia-Xiang Wang, Yi-Xin Zhou, Xiao-Li Mu, Yang Du, Jia-Ling Wang, Jie Tang, Ji-Yan Liu
Summary: Neoantigens, as cancer-specific aberrant peptides, can trigger robust immune response and hold great promise as an effective treatment approach for patients with CRC.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabrice Tolle, Viktor Umansky, Jochen Utikal, Stephanie Kreis, Sabrina Brechard
Summary: Neutrophils, once underestimated in cancer research, now are recognized for their dual roles in tumorigenesis. While they can promote tumor progression, they also possess anti-tumorigenic properties, highlighting the importance of understanding their functions for developing effective therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Natalia Plewa, Lucia Poncette, Thomas Blankenstein
Summary: This study suggests that HLA-DR4-restricted TCRs specific for the TGF beta R2(-1) recurrent neoantigen could be valuable candidates for adoptive T cell therapy in cancer patients.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ran Salomon, Rony Dahan
Summary: The clinical use of anti-CD40 agonist monoclonal antibodies faces challenges due to dose-limiting toxicity. Novel approaches are being explored to overcome the systemic toxicity associated with CD40 agonism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zaoqu Liu, Jinxiang Lv, Qin Dang, Long Liu, Siyuan Weng, Libo Wang, Zhaokai Zhou, Ying Kong, Huanyun Li, Yilin Han, Xinwei Han
Summary: Immunotherapy treatments using the immune system have revolutionized personalized medicine and brought significant benefits for cancer patients. Tumor neoantigens, arising from somatic mutations and presented by major histocompatibility complex, play a crucial role in immunotherapy. With advancements in sequencing technology and bioinformatics, the identification of neoantigens has accelerated and is expected to be integrated into clinical practice. Neoantigen vaccines, such as peptides, DNA, RNA, and dendritic cells, have shown great potential in activating specific T cells and enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This review discusses the origin and prediction of neoantigens, compares different types of neoantigen vaccines, and explores strategies for improving their efficacy, while addressing the challenges in their application.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)