Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China, operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological, meteorological, and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas, and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment, prevention and mitigation of disaster, exploitation of marine resources, marine environmental protection, and management of transportation safety. In this paper, we summarise the composition, development courses, and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring, namely coastal marine automated network station, ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system. Additionally, we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

Automated summary

In this paper, the authors summarize the composition and development of China's operational in-situ marine monitoring systems, focusing on coastal marine automated network stations, ocean data buoys, and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting systems. These systems are crucial for marine environmental management and protection, resource development, and transportation safety.