Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Saad Bin Jaber, Alex Hamilton, Yang Xu, Mehmet E. Kartal, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Daniel M. Mulvihill
Summary: The study investigated dry friction of surfaces with nanoscale roughness and the possibility of using micropatterning to tailor friction. Results showed that friction was independent of the apparent feature contact area, as surface roughness and nominal flatness at the contact interface was preserved regardless of adjustments in the feature contact area.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Filippos Sofos, Theodoros E. Karakasidis
Summary: This study utilizes machine learning techniques to predict slip length at the nanoscale, with non-linear models based on neural networks and decision trees showing better performance. The trained model accurately predicts slip length values, showing that slip length is mainly affected by wall roughness and wettability as channel dimensions increase.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mikhail Zhukov, Md Syam Hasan, Pavel Nesterov, Mirna Sabbouh, Olga Burdulenko, Ekaterina Skorb, Michael Nosonovsky
Summary: For studying surface roughness, appropriate roughness parameters should be selected based on specific applications. Large datasets representing surface topography exhibit orderliness, which can be expressed in terms of topological features in high-dimensional dataspaces reflecting properties such as anisotropy and the number of lay directions. These features are scale-dependent, impacted by both the sampling length and resolution.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Gourhari Ghosh, Ajay Sidpara, P. P. Bandyopadhyay
Summary: The study focuses on MRF of WC-Co coating using B4C abrasives, and improves the processing efficiency by fabricating composite abrasives, achieving higher MRR and lower surface roughness.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Fatemeh Jafari Afshar, Gholam Reza Khayati
Summary: Brass alloys are widely used in various industries, but they lack corrosion resistance in corrosive environments. Efforts have been made to utilize the superhydrophobic properties in the industry to solve the economic and environmental consequences of brass alloy corrosion. This paper presents a review of superhydrophobic coatings on brass alloys reported in articles. Models used to evaluate the superhydrophobic properties and methods for preparing samples for laboratory operations are discussed comprehensively. Different methods for increasing surface roughness and reducing surface energy are also examined.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Pornchai Rachtanapun, Dheerawan Boonyawan, Rafael A. Auras, Gopinath Kasi
Summary: The use of SF6 plasma treatment improves the water resistance of Kraft paper. The optimal treatment conditions are 200 mTorr pressure, 50 Watts power, and 5 minutes treatment time. Increasing the treatment time enhances the contact angle, water absorption time, and Cobb test values of the paper, while the thickness and tensile strength remain relatively constant.
Article
Optics
Teng Pan, Shihao Liu, Letian Zhang, Wenfa Xie, Cunjiang Yu
Summary: This study reports a high-performance organic light-emitting paper-based flexible anticounterfeiting (FAC) device with multiple stimuli-responsiveness, including light, electricity, and their combination. By integrating patterned electro-responsive and photo-responsive organic emitters onto paper substrates, the FAC device can show considerable color shift upon different viewing angle and applied voltage, which is easily discernible by naked eyes. The FAC device is bendable, unclonable, and durable with a half-lifetime over 4000 hours at 100 cd m(-2).
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Enyong Sun, Yanqing Zhao, Guozhong Wang
Summary: This study utilized an atomic force microscope to observe the surface morphology of asphalt at the nanoscale and used roughness theory for quantitative assessment. The results showed that the characteristics of asphalt, such as type, aging state, immersion time, chloride salt concentration, and modifiers, influenced its microstructural evolution and surface roughness. Different asphalt types exhibited variations in beelike structures and roughness, and aging led to a rougher surface and a decrease in beelike structures. Immersion time and chloride salt concentration affected the interaction between water and asphalt components, causing microstructural damage and changes in surface morphology. Modifier addition affected the dispersion and appearance of beelike structures. The study provides insights into the microstructural evolution of asphalt and its influencing factors.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhanglei Zhu, Zhen Li, Wanzhong Yin, Bin Yang, Ningning Zhang, Jinzhou Qu, Songjiang Chen, Jing Chang, Yuexian Yu, Lijun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of surface roughness on the flotation separation of hematite from quartz. The results show that increasing surface roughness improves the recovery of both hematite and quartz, with a more significant improvement in hematite recovery. Further experiments demonstrate that increasing surface roughness enhances the hydrophobicity of hematite surface and increases the number of quartz particles coating on hematite surface.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin-Yue Duan, Bing-Huan Huang, Yuan-Xu Zhu, Xiao Song, Chuan-Yong Zhu, John C. Chai, Liang Gong
Summary: A modified cavitation model for micro-scale flow is proposed and verified in this study. The impact of surface roughness on cavitation flow is investigated.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Optics
Wei Sen Loi, Kenneth Chau
Summary: Plasmonic coloration is a result of the interaction between visible light and metallic nanostructures, which leads to wavelength-selective absorption or scattering of light. Surface roughness can disrupt these interactions and cause observed coloration to deviate from simulations. In this work, computational visualization incorporating electrodynamic simulations and physically based rendering is used to investigate the influence of nanoscale roughness on the coloration from silver films decorated with nanohole arrays. The results demonstrate the significant effect of out-of-plane roughness on coloration and provide a photorealistic visualization of the phenomenon. This methodology is valuable for modeling artificial coloration.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zana Jusufi Osmani, Borut Poljsak, Sasa Zelenika, Ervin Kamenar, Kristina Markovic, Marko Percic, Visnja Katic
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of changes in salivary pH on the properties of NiTi archwires with different surface coatings. The results showed that the release of titanium and nickel ions was inversely proportional to the change in saliva pH, while the surface roughness and hardness of the archwires were minimally affected.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pan Wang, He Liang, Liang Jiang, Linmao Qian
Summary: Surface roughness has a significant impact on friction and wear, especially at the nanoscale. This study investigates the effect of nanoscale surface roughness on sliding friction and wear. The research reveals that reducing surface roughness decreases friction and wear in mixed lubrication, but excessively low roughness can lead to friction failure. The findings enhance our understanding of the role of surface roughness in tribology.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Mehmet Onurhan Gucus
Summary: Paper coated with natural materials has advantages such as easy recycling, renewable components, and cost-effective formulation. This study found that paper coated with thyme oil and starch had improved water resistance and mechanical properties, with a denser and smoother surface.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tomoko Nishitani, Kyosuke Masuda, Soma Mimura, Takahiko Hirokawa, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Masao Kumagai, Takeshi Ito
Summary: This study investigated the antibacterial activity of microscale rough surfaces formed by FPB. The results showed that the FPB-treated stainless-steel surfaces exhibited antibacterial effects against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Agnieszka Gierej, Kurt Rochlitz, Adam Filipkowski, Ryszard Buczynski, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Peter Dubruel, Hugo Thienpont, Thomas Geernaert, Francis Berghmans
Summary: We have prepared and characterized microstructured biodegradable and biocompatible polymer optical fibers using commercially available poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA). The preparation of preforms by transfer molding and fiber manufacturing was reported and the influence of polymer processing on the molar mass decrease of PDLLA was investigated. The in vitro degradation of the fabricated fibers in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was studied, showing molar mass loss of 21%, 25%, and 43% over 105 days for fibers with diameters of 400, 200, and 100 μm, respectively. Cutback measurements revealed an attenuation coefficient of 0.065 dB/cm at 898 nm for a microstructured fiber with a diameter of 219 +/- 27 μm. After immersion in PBS at 37 degrees C, the optical loss increased by 0.4 dB/cm at 950 nm after 6 h and by 0.8 dB/cm after 17 h.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wendy Meulebroeck, Mathilde Patin, Karin Nys, Hugo Thienpont
Summary: There is a need to understand the link between the optical spectrum and technology parameters of silver-staining. The study conducted experiments on samples with known fabrication conditions, comparing optical and chemical methods to identify the measures that match material properties. The research resulted in a flowchart scheme for non-destructive assessment of silver-staining technology and its potential application in different glass families.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alejandro Madrid-Sanchez, Fabian Duerr, Yunfeng Nie, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere
Summary: The characteristics of high porosity, microscale features, and pores interconnectivity make scaffolds suitable for human tissue substitutes. However, these characteristics often limit the scalability of different fabrication approaches, especially in bioprinting techniques. In this study, an alternative vat photopolymerization technique called light sheet stereolithography (LS-SLA) is proposed to fabricate centimeter-scale scaffolds with high resolution. The LS-SLA technology allows the modification of voxel profiles using laser beam shaping and enables the production of complex three-dimensional scaffolds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOPRINTING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ikuo Arata, Hirotoshi Terada, Michael Vervaeke, Dries Rosseel, Hugo Thienpont
Summary: In this study, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) aspherical solid immersion lens (SIL) has been developed for semiconductor failure analysis. The SIL significantly increases the numerical aperture and spatial resolution of a microscopy system by attaching it to the backside of the device-under-test. To improve the spatial resolution, a shorter wavelength light source is used. The use of GaAs as SIL material enables the use of shorter wavelengths, and an aspherical design corrects spherical aberration, resulting in diffraction limited performance for semiconductor failure analysis.
MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pieter Samyn, Joey Bosmans, Patrick Cosemans
Summary: Phenalkamines derived from cardanol oil are an alternative bio-based crosslinker for epoxy coatings. Compared to fossil amines, PK exhibits faster reaction kinetics and higher conversion at room temperature, resulting in improved hardness, scratch resistance, hydrophobicity, and abrasive wear resistance of the coatings.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lien Smeesters, Jef Verbaenen, Luca Schifano, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont, Giancarlo Teti, Alessio Forconi, Filippo Lulli
Summary: This study proposes a novel five-channel multispectral camera design suitable for autonomous and continuous crop monitoring. It covers visible, near-infrared, and thermal wavelength bands, allowing the sensing of various vegetation indices. The wide-field-of-view imaging design exceeds 164 degrees, providing a larger field of view compared to drone-sensing systems.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Olga Rusyakina, Thomas Geernaert, Mederic Loyez, Maxime Lobry, Karima Chah, Pawel Mergo, Hugo Thienpont, Christophe Caucheteur, Francis Berghmans, Tigran Baghdasaryan
Summary: We address the challenge of spectral multiplexing of biosensors in a single optical fiber by combining photonic crystal fibers (PCF) with fiber Bragg grating technology. We utilize the optical transmission spectrum of a straight fiber Bragg grating in a PCF to excite cladding mode resonances, enabling plasmonic label-free biodetection of HER2 protein. Our PCF sensor can detect a protein concentration of 8.62 nM with high reproducibility.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Chris Vanheusden, Jan Vanminsel, Naveen Reddy, Pieter Samyn, Jan D'Haen, Roos Peeters, Anitha Ethirajan, Mieke Buntinx
Summary: Biobased and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are gaining popularity. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) polymer has a processing window suitable for packaging, agricultural, and fishery applications. Centrifugal fiber spinning (CFS) is a promising technique to produce PHBHHx fibers with tunable morphology and properties. CFS can create beads and continuous fibers based on the polymer concentration, and thermal post-processing can further enhance the fibers' mechanical properties.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lien Smeesters, Thomas Kuntzel, Hugo Thienpont, Ludovic Guilbert
Summary: Aflatoxins pose a significant threat to food and feed safety, but current methods of detection are not well-suited for identifying their presence in the food chain. In this study, we developed a non-destructive optical sensing technique based on fluorescence spectroscopy, resulting in a novel compact fluorescence sensing unit. Testing showed that the unit had high sensitivity and successfully classified naturally contaminated maize kernels. This sensing methodology has the potential to greatly enhance food safety.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Pieter Samyn, Vibhore Kumar Rastogi, Neelisetty Sesha Sai Baba, Juergen Van Erps
Summary: Artificial photosynthesis has rapidly developed as a field of research that mimics natural photosynthesis processes to produce energy or high-value chemicals. Nanocelluloses are biorenewable materials that can be engineered into nanostructures with favorable properties, serving as a host matrix for encapsulation of photoreactive moieties or cells. Different nanocellulose structures with specific properties, such as films, hydrogels, membranes, and foams, can function as photosynthetic devices. The article also discusses challenges and advancements in optimizing nanocellulose structures for artificial photosynthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sara Abbasi, Mehdi Feizpour, Ilse Weets, Qing Liu, Hugo Thienpont, Francesco Ferranti, Heidi Ottevaere
Summary: Identifying hemoglobinopathies is crucial for managing clinical diseases. This study demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography for accurate identification of different hemoglobin types.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Astghik Chalyan, Tine De Pauw, Nathalie Debaes, Hugo Thienpont
Summary: More than 10 years ago, the Photonics Explorer Kit (PEK) was developed as an educational tool to inspire students towards photonics. It has been widely used by physics teachers and optics-related organizations, reaching over 200,000 students annually. The PEK aims to promote the understanding and impact of light technologies in schools, universities, and companies worldwide.
SEVENTEENTH CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS: ETOP 2023
(2023)
Article
Optics
Artem Shcheglov, Yunfeng Nie, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere
Summary: Recently, there is a growing trend for cost-effective, portable spectrometers to be applied in various fields, including scientific research, food safety, and air pollution analysis. In this study, we propose a miniaturized, two-channel, broadband spectrometer based on variable-spacing concave gratings, which integrates imaging optics and diffraction gratings into a single component. The design allows for a small volume and high spectral resolution, and simulation results demonstrate optical resolutions of less than 1.6 nm in the visible channel and less than 3.1 nm in the near-infrared channel. To validate the feasibility for mass production, we successfully manufactured the variable-spacing concave gratings using diamond tooling and hot embossing replication. The fabricated grating replicas exhibit high diffraction efficiency in both channels. Experimental results of the prototype show a good match in spectral resolution with the nominal design.
JOURNAL OF OPTICAL MICROSYSTEMS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
F. Duerr, H. Thienpont
Summary: Today's optical design of imaging systems heavily relies on efficient ray tracing and optimization algorithms. However, the traditional design approach often requires extensive experience, intuition, and trial-and-error guesswork. We propose a novel method that allows systematic generation and evaluation of directly calculated imaging optics design solutions, enabling a rigorous and real-time evaluation in solution space. The method is based on differential equations derived from Fermat's principle and can calculate optical surface coefficients to minimize image blurring for each individual aberration order.
OPTICAL DESIGN AND TESTING XII
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Pieter Samyn, Joey Bosmans, Patrick Cosemans
Summary: This study investigates the structure-property relationships of epoxy coatings by adding different types of diluents and crosslinkers. The results show that the concentration and molecular configuration of diluents have significant effects on the viscosity and curing kinetics of the coatings. The choice of diluents also leads to variations in coating properties such as wear, hardness, and ductility. Vegetable oil diluents exhibit good lubricating properties.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sicheng Jiao, Shixiang Wang, Minge Gao, Min Xu
Summary: This paper presents a non-contact method of thickness measurement for thin-walled rotary shell parts based on a chromatic confocal sensor. The method involves using a flip method to obtain surface profiles from both sides of the workpiece, measuring the decentration and tilt errors of the workpiece using a centering system, establishing a unified reference coordinate system, reconstructing the external and internal surface profiles, and calculating the thickness. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the thickness of a sapphire spherical shell workpiece and is consistent with measurements of other materials.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Rajeev Kumar, Sajal Agarwal, Sarika Pal, Alka Verma, Yogendra Kumar Prajapati
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a CaF2-Ag-MXene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor at different wavelengths. The results showed that the sensor achieved the maximum sensitivity at a wavelength of 532 nm, and higher sensitivities were obtained at shorter wavelengths at the expense of detection accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Attilio Di Nisio, Gregorio Andria, Francesco Adamo, Daniel Lotano, Filippo Attivissimo
Summary: Capacitive sensing is a widely used technique for a variety of applications, including avionics. However, current industry standard Capacitive Level Sensors (CLSs) used in helicopters perform poorly in terms of sensitivity and dynamic characteristics. In this study, novel geometries were explored and three prototypes were built and tested. Experimental validation showed that the new design featuring a helicoidal slit along the external electrode of the cylindrical probe improved sensitivity, response time, and linearity.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kai Yang, Huiqin Wang, Ke Wang, Fengchen Chen
Summary: This paper proposes an effective measurement method for dynamic compaction construction based on time series model, which enables real-time monitoring and measurement of anomalies and important construction parameters through simulating motion state transformation and running time estimation.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hui Fu, Qinghua Song, Jixiang Gong, Liping Jiang, Zhanqiang Liu, Qiang Luan, Hongsheng Wang
Summary: An automatic detection and pixel-level quantification model based on joint Mask R-CNN and TransUNet is developed to accurately evaluate microcrack damage on the grinding surfaces of engineering ceramics. The model is effectively trained on actual micrograph image dataset using a joint training strategy. The proposed model achieves reliable automatic detection and fine segmentation of microcracks, and a skeleton-based quantification model is also proposed to provide comprehensive and precise measurements of microcrack size.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sang Yeob Kim, Da Yun Kwon, Arum Jang, Young K. Ju, Jong-Sub Lee, Seungkwan Hong
Summary: This paper reviews the categorization and applications of UAV sensors in forensic engineering, with a focus on geotechnical, structural, and water infrastructure fields. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of sensors with different wavelengths and addresses the challenges of current UAV technology and recommendations for further research in forensic engineering.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Anton Nunez-Seoane, Joaquin Martinez-Sanchez, Erik Rua, Pedro Arias
Summary: This article compares the use of Mobile Laser Scanners (MLS) and Aerial Laser Scanners (ALS) for digitizing the road environment and detecting road slopes. The study found that ALS data and its corresponding algorithm achieved better detection and delimitation results compared to MLS. Measuring the road from a terrestrial perspective negatively impacted the detection process, while an aerial perspective allowed for scanning of the entire slope structure.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nur Luqman Saleh, Aduwati Sali, Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah, Sharifah M. Syed Ahmad, Jiun Terng Liew, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Fairuz Abdullah, Nur Emileen Abdul Rashid
Summary: This study introduces an enhanced signal processing scheme for detecting mouth-click signals used by blind individuals. By utilizing additional band-pass filtering and other steps, the detection accuracy is improved. Experimental results using artificial signal data showed a 100% success rate in detecting obstacles. The emerging concepts in this research are expected to benefit radar and sonar system applications.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiqiang Tang, Shengjie Qiu, Lu Zhang, Jinji Sun, Xinxiu Zhou
Summary: This paper studies the magnetic noise level of a compact high-performance magnetically shielded room (MSR) under different operational conditions and establishes a quantitative model for magnetic noise calculation. Verification experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Krzysztof Bartnik, Marcin Koba, Mateusz Smietana
Summary: The demand for miniaturized sensors in the biomedical industry is increasing, and optical fiber sensors (OFSs) are gaining popularity due to their small size, flexibility, and biocompatibility. This study reviews various OFS designs tested in vivo and identifies future perspectives and challenges for OFS technology development from a user perspective.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yue Wang, Lei Zhou, Zihao Li, Jun Wang, Xuangou Wu, Xiangjun Wang, Lei Hu
Summary: This paper presents a 3-D reconstruction method for dynamic stereo vision of metal surface based on line structured light, overcoming the limitation of the measurement range of static stereo vision. The proposed method uses joint calibration and global optimization to accurately reconstruct the 3-D coordinates of the line structured light fringe, improving the reconstruction accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jaafar Alsalaet
Summary: Order tracking analysis is an effective tool for machinery fault diagnosis and operational modal analysis. This study presents a new formulation for the data equation of the second-generation Vold-Kalman filter, using separated cosine and sine kernels to minimize error and provide smoother envelopes. The proposed method achieves high accuracy even with small weighting factors.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Tonglei Cao, Kechen Song, Likun Xu, Hu Feng, Yunhui Yan, Jingbo Guo
Summary: This study constructs a high-resolution dataset for surface defects in ceramic tiles and addresses the scale and quantity differences in defect distribution. An improved approach is proposed by introducing a content-aware feature recombination method and a dynamic attention mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate the superior accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qinghong Fu, Yunxi Lou, Jianghui Deng, Xin Qiu, Xianhua Chen
Summary: Measurement and quantitative characterization of aging-induced gradient properties is crucial for accurate analysis and design of asphalt pavement. This research proposes the composite specimen method to obtain asphalt binders at different depths within the mixture and uses dynamic shear rheometer tests to measure aging-induced gradient properties and reveal internal mechanisms. G* master curves are constructed to investigate gradient aging effects in a wide range. The study finds that the composite specimen method can effectively restore the boundary conditions and that it is feasible to study gradient aging characteristics within the asphalt mixture. The study also observes variations in G* and delta values and the depth range of gradient aging effects for different aging levels.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Min Li, Kai Wei, Tianhe Xu, Yali Shi, Dixing Wang
Summary: Due to the limitations of ground monitoring stations in China for the BDS, the accuracy of BDS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite orbits can be influenced. To overcome this, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can be used as additional monitoring stations. In this study, data from two LEO satellites were collected to improve the precise orbit determination of the BDS. By comparing the results with GPS and BDS-2/3 solutions, it was found that including the LEO satellites significantly improved the accuracy of GPS and BDS-2/3 orbits.