Article
Construction & Building Technology
Terje F. Ronning, Borge Johannes Wigum, Jan Lindgard, Philip Nixon, Ian Sims
Summary: This guide outlines how to assess the alkali reactivity potential of aggregates and concrete using specific test methods and provides recommendations prepared by a working group within RILEM TC 258-AAA, which have been reviewed and approved by all TC members.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Esperanza Menendez, Antonio Santos Silva, Josee Duchesne
Summary: The AAR-8 test method is used to assess the potential amount of alkalis released by aggregates in concrete by measuring the sodium and potassium ions released from fine graded aggregate immersed in KOH and NaOH solutions. It is important to note that this accelerated test method is only an indication of potential alkali release by the aggregates, rather than a quantification for alkali inventory calculations.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Terje F. Ronning, Borge Johannes Wigum, Jan Lindgard
Summary: The RILEM AAR-10 concrete prism test is a performance test method for assessing alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete under specific storage conditions, aimed at reducing alkali leaching and determining the alkali threshold for concrete mixtures. The method has practical applications for evaluating the susceptibility of aggregate combinations to ASR and the use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials to reduce alkali content in binders.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Tianqi Zhang, Boxin Wang, Xinyu Lu, Jiahuan Guo
Summary: This study proposes an improved arrangement method for textile-reinforced concrete, and through four-point bending tests and simulation analysis, it is found that specimens with diagonal layout and smaller grid angles have better flexural performance and toughness.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Md Jahidul Islam, Tasnia Ahmed, Sheikh Muhammad Fahad Bin Imam, Hamidul Islam, Faiz Uddin Ahmed Shaikh
Summary: Carbon fiber textile (CT) is widely recognized as a retrofitting and strengthening material for reinforced concrete structures, while the use of galvanized iron textile (GIT) as an alternative to CT is not common in developing and underdeveloped countries due to its lower cost and durability. This study compares the flexural and impact behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) containing CT and GIT. Results show that the flexural load capacity significantly increases in CT panels, but not in GIT panels. Additionally, CT reinforced specimens demonstrate higher impact energy and resistance compared to GIT reinforced specimens.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Giorgio Mattarollo, Norbert Randl, Margherita Pauletta
Summary: Recently, innovations in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) have led to the development of a promising material called fiber/textile-reinforced concrete (F/TRC). However, there is limited experimental research on the performance of TRC and F/TRC using basalt and carbon textile fabrics with high-performance concrete (HPC) matrices. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to study the effects of different variables on the behavior of the materials. The results showed that the failure mode of the specimens was primarily influenced by the type of textile fabric, and the use of carbon fabric resulted in higher post-elastic displacement compared to basalt fabric.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chenglin Wan, Jiyang Wang, Shubin Wang, Xiaohua Ji, Yu Peng, Hongmei Zhang
Summary: This paper presents the experimental results of improved clevis-grip tensile tests on basalt textile reinforced concrete (BTRC) composites. The results show that the improved test setup provides reliable design parameters and accurate predictions for the tensile behavior of BTRC composites.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lei Jing, Nan Wang, Shiping Yin
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear performance of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC)-strengthened brick masonry walls. The TRC-strengthened walls exhibited better integrity and ductile behavior compared to unreinforced walls. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to characterize the failure process and stress transfer path of the TRC-strengthened walls. The shear strength, ductility factor, and energy dissipation of the TRC-strengthened walls were significantly higher than unreinforced walls.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shitao Cheng, Haoxiang He, Yang Cheng, Haoding Sun
Summary: To enhance the crack resistance and flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams, this study used textile and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) with a proposed anchoring method. Through testing of eight RC beams, it was found that the anchoring method effectively prevents failure and both carbon textile and FRC improve crack resistance and flexural capacity. The combination of carbon textile and FRC is the most effective method for improving mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Philipp Preinstorfer, Serdar Yanik, Johannes Kirnbauer, Janet M. Lees, Agathe Robisson
Summary: This study investigates the cracking behavior of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) with epoxy-impregnated textiles. The results show that sand-coating treatment can significantly decrease the transverse crack width, while the geometry of the plain fibre strands leads to differences in measured crack widths. Regardless of the surface treatment, splitting cracks are observed in TRC structures with concrete covers thicker than 15 mm. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of TRC cracking behavior and provide a comprehensive database for further research, establishing the basis for unified regulations regarding the limit states of TRC structures.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ingmar Borchers, Jan Lindgard, Terje F. Ronning, Borge Johannes Wigum
Summary: The RILEM AAR-11 concrete prism test is a performance method for evaluating alkali-aggregate reaction (ASR) expansion of concrete prisms, with three main applications: assessing the impact of SCMs on aggregate ASR susceptibility, evaluating the ability of SCMs to reduce alkali content in binders, and testing specific concrete compositions for ASR resistance.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hyeong-Yeol Kim, Young-Jun You, Gum-Sung Ryu, Gi-Hong Ahn, Kyung-Taek Koh
Summary: The study examines the strengthening effect of carbon textile reinforcement on concrete slab-type elements, finding that surface coating of textile significantly improves bond strength, and increasing the amount of reinforcement further enhances the flexural strength.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mutlu Kurban, Osman Babaarslan, Ismail Hakki Cagatay
Summary: Textile reinforced concrete is a new construction material. This study investigates the flexural behavior of TRC samples by using braided hybrid yarn, and finds that the flexural strength and toughness increase with the use of hybrid yarn.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Llano-Torre, P. Serna
Summary: There is currently no clear consensus on how to consider creep of cracked FRC structural elements, and the lack of a standardized methodology has hindered general comparisons. Recent studies have focused on different methodologies for multiple stress cases, including a comprehensive Round-Robin Test, providing a basis for significant advancements in this field.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
B. Lubelli, I. Rorig-Daalgard, A. M. Aguilar, M. Askrabic, K. Beck, C. Blauer, V. Cnudde, A. M. D'Altri, H. Derluyn, J. Desarnaud, T. Diaz Goncalves, R. Flatt, E. Franzoni, S. Godts, D. Gulotta, R. van Hees, I. Ioannou, A. Kamat, T. De Kock, B. Menendez, S. de Miranda, C. Nunes, E. Sassoni, N. Shahidzadeh, H. Siedel, Z. Slizkova, M. Stefanidou, M. Theodoridou, R. Veiga, V. Verges-Belmin
Summary: This recommendation presents a laboratory method to test the durability of natural stone and fired-clay brick units against salt crystallization. The method replicates salt damage caused by capillary transport and evaporation and considers two stages in the test: accumulation and propagation. Two types of salt, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, were tested separately. The procedure includes visual observations, photography, and measurement of material loss, and has been preliminarily validated in round robin tests.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Aerospace
Isa Bettermann, Henning Locken, Christoph Greb, Thomas Gries, Alexander Oses, Julian Pauw, Nikoloz Maghaldadze, Leri Datashvili
Summary: A large deployable reflector antenna is made up of various components, with the reflector surface being a key component. The article discusses the requirements for mesh reflector surfaces and provides an overview of different patterns being investigated. Based on these requirements and the capabilities of warp knitting machines, new patterns are identified and evaluated. A new concept for an advanced reflector surface is introduced, which increases the stiffness of the knit fabric.
CEAS SPACE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Rosario Othen, Frederik Cloppenburg, Thomas Gries
Summary: This study investigates the utility and accuracy of different machine learning methods in predicting paperboard properties based on raw material and process data. The results show that machine learning methods can be effective in predicting properties such as bending stiffness and curl. Feature selection is crucial for prediction quality, and the use of domain knowledge improves the reliability and interpretability of the models.
NORDIC PULP & PAPER RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huanyu Li, Marco Liebscher, Dong Zhao, Bo Yin, Yuhang Du, Jian Yang, Michael Kaliske, Viktor Mechtcherine
Summary: Insufficient bonding between hydrophobic carbon fibers and water-based suspensions has limited the application of carbon fiber reinforced cements and other mineral building materials. Researchers have explored physical and chemical modification methods to enhance load transfer from mineral matrices to carbon fibers. Polymer impregnations and temperature-stable mineral suspensions have been used to improve the interface between carbon fibers and matrices, achieving better pullout behavior. Surface modification techniques such as oxidation and electrophoretic deposition have also been employed to improve fiber-matrix interactions. This article systematically reviews and compares these approaches, providing recommendations for achieving tailor-made interfacial bonding behavior.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jitong Zhao, Marco Liebscher, Kai Schneider, Dominik Junger, Viktor Mechtcherine
Summary: Mineral-impregnated, carbon-fibre composites (MCF) are a new reinforcement type with the potential to replace conventional steel reinforcements or fibre-reinforced polymers. Surface profiling of MCF can improve the shape stability and load transfer capability to concrete matrices. The applied surface profiling densified the matrix microstructure of MCFs and improved shape stability during processing, but slightly negatively affected flexural and tensile properties.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jan Wagner, Musa Akdere, Kevser Guerbuez, Leonie Beek, Kai Klopp, Petra Ditsche, Matthias Mail, Thomas Gries, Wilhelm Barthlott
Summary: This study aims to understand the interaction between biological surfaces and oil and to define design parameters for transferring the biological model to a technical textile. Simulation and verification experiments were conducted to obtain values for the development of a bio-inspired textile for oil-water separation.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Jitong Zhao, Ana Carolina Const Ancio Trindade, Marco Liebscher, Flavio De Andrade Silva, Viktor Mechtcherine
Summary: In recent years, geopolymers (GPs) have been widely used as environmentally friendly construction materials and mineral matrices for fiber-reinforced composites. The addition of fibers changes the brittle behavior and results in high-performance, fiber-reinforced geopolymer (FRG) composites. The impact of elevated temperatures on FRGs is a matter of concern, and existing studies have shown significant differences in the fire response of GP composites due to variations in GP matrix designs, fiber types, and testing methods. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanical properties of FRGs at ambient and elevated temperature levels, and establish a conceptual and technical background for understanding the combined influence of these factors on FRG performance at elevated temperatures.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Architecture
Estibaliz Briz, Leire Garmendia, Ignacio Marcos, Alessandra Gandini
Summary: The aim of this research is to develop a multi-criteria prioritization methodology in support of intervention decisions, to enhance the resilience of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CNH) conservation through sustainable development. This methodology considers a wide panel of experts and equitable indicator assessment, and takes into account common hazards, specific disaster-risk scenarios, and the three dimensions of sustainable development as well as technical and cultural dimensions. All dimensions and indicators are weighted to produce a Prioritization Index for decision-making support.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Vijay K. Srivastava, Till Quadflieg, Thomas Gries
Summary: This study demonstrates the flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact energy behavior of cement-based CFRP composites loaded with graphene nanoplates and fly ash microparticles. The addition of graphene nanoparticles and microparticles enhances the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, impact energy, and fracture toughness. These findings suggest that nano/microparticle-filled carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites have potential applications in seismic wave resistance due to their improved mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
David Wienen, Thomas Gries, Stuart L. Cooper, Daniel E. Heath
Summary: Polyurethanes are versatile materials with unique properties, and have applications in various fields. They can be tailored for specific functions, such as being used as biomaterials and drug delivery vehicles. This review focuses on the structure-property-function relationships of polyurethane systems.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Rahel Heesemann, Isa Bettermann, Roshan Paul, Milena Rey, Thomas Gries, Lilin Feng, Ulrich Schwaneberg, Claus Hummelsheim
Summary: The fire protection of materials is crucial in everyday life, especially in public areas such as construction and transport, electronic devices, furnishings, and textiles. The use of harmful flame retardant additives based on bromides, chlorides, phosphates, or antimony is being restricted due to their environmental and health impact. Therefore, innovative and sustainable solutions are needed to reduce the use of these additives and replace them with safer alternatives.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Daniel Wohlfahrt, Hannes Franz Maria Peller, Steffen Mueller, Niels Modler, Viktor Mechtcherine
Summary: Carbon concrete is a promising new material in construction industry that reduces concrete cover, enabling lean construction and conservation of resources. Helix pultrusion is capable of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement bars with tailored fiber orientation. Thorough testing and comparison with other variants have been conducted to ensure manufacturing feasibility and load-bearing capacity.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Laura Quesada-Ganuza, Leire Garmendia, Irantzu Alvarez, Eduardo Roji
Summary: Climate change poses risks to the preservation and survival of urban cultural heritage, and planning decisions must consider these risks. However, there is a lack of knowledge in assessing risks related to heat waves and historic urban sites. This study aims to analyze the interaction between historic urban locations and heat waves using GIS data, considering socioeconomic, cultural, governmental, and physical aspects. Key vulnerabilities of historic urban areas are identified and assessed using a Multi Criteria Decision Making Methodology (MCDM) to achieve the goal of vulnerability assessment. The study also provides a simplified evaluation through categorization for buildings and public spaces, and discusses its application to a GIS-based model in Bilbao's historic district.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Danny Friese, Lars Hahn, Hung Le Xuan, Johannes Mersch, Tobias Neef, Viktor Mechtcherine, Chokri Cherif
Summary: The construction industry is responsible for about 37% of carbon dioxide emissions, with the production of ordinary cement being a major source. Innovative approaches like impregnated carbon yarns can significantly reduce concrete usage and expand design options. Robotic manufacturing technologies enable direct fiber placement, allowing the full mechanical potential of concrete to be realized through improved design strategies.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Michael Frenzel, Enrico Baumgaertel, Steffen Marx, Manfred Curbach
Summary: This article presents the cracking and load-bearing behavior of carbon-reinforced prismatic concrete tensile specimens. Different carbon reinforcement grids with varying geometries and impregnations were used, and the reinforcement surfaces were partially coated with fine sand to enhance the bond with the concrete. The article discusses the influence of different parameters on crack development, including crack width and spacing.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Josiane Giese, Max Herbers, Frank Liebold, Franz Wagner, Szymon Grzesiak, Christoph de Sousa, Matthias Pahn, Hans-Gerd Maas, Steffen Marx, Manfred Curbach, Birgit Beckmann
Summary: The study focuses on the crack pattern of reinforced concrete and explores the possibility of using X-ray computed tomography to analyze the internal mechanics. Through CT tests on carbon-reinforced concrete beams under bending load, the evolution of cracks at different stages of their formation was analyzed.
