Low epinephrine levels and selective deficiency of β2-adrenoceptor vasodilation at birth

Aims: Epinephrine is unique among biogenic catecholamines as a potent agonist of beta(2)-adrenoceptors. The beta(2)-adrenoceptor mediated effects during development might be linked to the increase of epinephrine synthesis. Our purpose was to characterize beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in the aorta of newborn and young rabbits (3 to 4 months old), and to relate those responses with the epinephrine content of the adrenal gland. Main methods: The epinephrine levels and the tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in adrenal glands of newborn and young rabbits. Also, concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist), dobutamine (selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist), terbutaline (selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist), and CL 316243 (selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist) were determined in isolated aortic rings obtained from both groups. Key findings: The adrenal gland content and the plasma concentrations of epinephrine were lower in newborn than in young rabbits. In contrast, the tyrosine hydroxylase activity was higher in newborn than in young rabbits. On the other hand, the maximal response to phenylephrine was lower in newborn than in young rabbits. Terbutaline at concentrations selective for beta(2)-adrenoceptors had no relaxing effects in neonates, in contrast to young rabbits. The potency and the maximal response of neither dobutamine nor CL 316243 were significantly different between the two groups. Significance: In rabbits, as well as in humans, beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses and epinephrine synthesis are both immature at birth. On the other hand, the beta(1) and beta(3)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses are fully developed. We conclude that epinephrine may influence the development of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses at birth and the rabbit is an excellent model to study these issues. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.