期刊
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
卷 29, 期 16, 页码 2452-2468出版社
BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2452
关键词
Gastric cancer; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Prognosis; Treatment; Immunotherapy
Gastric cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors, and it remains a significant global health burden despite declining incidence and mortality rates. In China, gastric cancer ranks third in both incidence and mortality globally, accounting for a large proportion of new cases and deaths. There are regional differences in the incidence and mortality rates, with rapid increases in some developing regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for early preventive and screening strategies, as well as the development of novel immunotherapies for the management of gastric cancer patients.
Gastric cancer (GC) is defined as the primary epithelial malignancy derived from the stomach, and it is a complicated and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors. Despite its overall declining trend of incidence and mortality in various countries over the past few decades, GC remains the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although the global burden of GC has shown a significant downward trend, it remains severe in certain areas, such as Asia. GC ranks third in incidence and mortality among all cancer types in China, and it accounts for nearly 44.0% and 48.6% of new GC cases and GC-related deaths in the world, respectively. The regional differences in GC incidence and mortality are obvious, and annual new cases and deaths are increasing rapidly in some developing regions. Therefore, early preventive and screening strategies for GC are urgently needed. The clinical efficacies of conventional treatments for GC are limited, and the developing understanding of GC pathogenesis has increased the demand for new therapeutic regimens, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The present review describes the epidemiology of GC worldwide, especially in China, summarizes its risk and prognostic factors, and focuses on novel immunotherapies to develop therapeutic strategies for the management of GC patients.
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