Article
Critical Care Medicine
Drago Plecko, Nicolas Bennett, Johan Martensson, Rinaldo Bellomo
Summary: The study found that increasing BMI is associated with higher glucose levels but lower mortality and hypoglycemia rates. Increased BMI independently decreases the risk of hypoglycemia.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Felix Teufel, Jacqueline A. Seiglie, Pascal Geldsetzer, Michaela Theilmann, Maja E. Marcus, Cara Ebert, William Andres Lopez Arboleda, Kokou Agoudavi, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Krishna K. Aryal, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Garry Brian, Pascal Bovet, Maria Dorobantu, Mongal Singh Gurung, David Guwatudde, Corine Houehanou, Dismand Houinato, Jutta M. Adelin Jorgensen, Gibson B. Kagaruki, Khem B. Karki, Demetre Labadarios, Joao S. Martins, Mary T. Mayige, Roy Wong McClure, Joseph Kibachio Mwangi, Omar Mwalim, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Crooks, Farshad Farzadfar, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahendeka K. Silver, Lela Sturua, Chea Stanford Wesseh, Andrew C. Stokes, Utibe R. Essien, Jan-Walter De Neve, Rifat Atun, Justine I. Davies, Sebastian Vollmer, Till W. Barnighausen, Mohammed K. Ali, James B. Meigs, Deborah J. Wexler, Jennifer Manne-Goehler
Summary: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and diabetes is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, with BMI affecting the risk of diabetes, but there are significant regional variations in this association.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shirin Djalalinia, Moein Yoosefi, Sarvenaz Shahin, Erfan Ghasemi, Nazila Rezaei, Naser Ahmadi, Negar Rezaei, Mehrdad Azmin, Shahabeddin Rezaei, Maryam Nasserinejad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Rosa Haghshenas, Alireza Namazi Shabestari, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Marziyeh Vahid Dastjerdi, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of body mass index (BMI) levels in Iranian adults and found significant differences in obesity prevalence between male and female participants, as well as across different regions of the country.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hajime Kamiya, Shuhei Komatsu, Keiji Nishibeppu, Takuma Ohashi, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Takeshi Kubota, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Eigo Otsuji
Summary: The obesity paradox is observed in gastric cancer patients, but postoperative abdominal infectious complications have a more negative prognostic impact in obese patients through peritoneal recurrence.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Takaaki Ikeda, Upul Cooray, Yuta Suzuki, Anna Kinugawa, Masayasu Murakami, Ken Osaka
Summary: This study reveals the impacts of changes in obesity status on back pain risk in older populations, with heterogeneity observed according to muscle strength.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Odayme Quesada, Marie Lauzon, Rae Buttle, Janet Wei, Nissi Suppogu, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Steven E. Reis, Leslee J. Shaw, George Sopko, Eileen Handberg, Carl J. Pepine, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Summary: This study aims to determine the role of physical fitness in the obesity paradox in women with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The findings suggest that physical fitness plays a role in the association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes in women. Overweight and obese women with good physical fitness had lower long-term all-cause mortality, while normal weight women with poor physical fitness had higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Gabriele Roccuzzo, Giovenale Moirano, Paolo Fava, Milena Maule, Simone Ribero, Pietro Quaglino
Summary: Obesity is associated with different types of cancer, but its role in melanoma incidence, progression, and response to immune-checkpoint-inhibitors (ICI) is still controversial. While increased levels of lipids and adipokines can promote tumor proliferation, immunotherapy seems to be more effective in obese animal models. Several studies have investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) as a prognostic marker in advanced melanoma patients treated with ICI, but the evidence is limited. A meta-analysis of 18 articles found that BMI should not be currently recommended as a predictor of melanoma patients' survival in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rahel Dereje, Abel Girma, Abebaw Molla, Asnake Simieneh
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the utility of Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) as a screening tool for overweight or obesity among adult employees in Mizan Tepi University, Southwest Ethiopia. The results showed that MUAC has an equal ability with BMI to screen overweight or obesity among adults, making it a potential alternative index in resource-limited settings.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Urs Eiholzer, Chris Fritz, Anika Stephan
Summary: This study identified children with both parents from Southern Europe as the main influence driving the increase in BMI in Switzerland over the past 50 years. Differentiated consideration of the proportions of various migrant groups within cross-sectional samples is essential when monitoring BMI.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hrvoje Podnar, Petra Juric, Josip Karuc, Marc Saez, Maria A. Barcelo, Ivan Radman, Gregor Starc, Gregor Jurak, Sasa Duric, Zan Luca Potocnik, Maroje Soric
Summary: The study comparing interventions targeting sedentary behaviors or physical activity (PA) or physical fitness in preventing obesity in 6- to 12-year-old children found that fitness interventions may have a better effect than PA interventions, while adding sedentary behavior to the intervention did not increase effectiveness. Overall, the effects were more pronounced in girls, but less significant in disadvantaged children.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jeetendra Khadan, Nekeisha Spencer, Eric Strobl, Theophiline Bose-Duker
Summary: This study identifies socio-demographic risk factors associated with adult Body Mass Index, such as gender, age, marital status, and chronic illnesses. Engaging in sports or exercise can lower the odds of being overweight or obese. Government social safety net programs may also play a role in reducing the risk of overweight or obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hanshu Gao, Qianlong Zhang, Jiahui Xu, Wei Yuan, Ruixue Li, Hui Guo, Cuiying Gu, Wenjing Feng, Yanan Ma, Zhaoqing Sun, Liqiang Zheng
Summary: This study found a positive association between serum spermidine levels and the odds of obesity in a cross-sectional study, but a negative association between spermidine levels and the risk of increased BMI in a follow-up study among Chinese adults. Further research is needed to determine the exact mechanism underlying the association between spermidine and obesity, as well as the potential for interventions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eadaoin M. Butler, Jose G. B. Derraik, Alison Burge, Wayne S. Cutfield, Alison Leversha
Summary: This study explored caregiver perception of children's weight status in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation. Most children were overweight or obese, but only a small percentage were correctly perceived as such by their caregivers. Caregivers tended to judge their child's body size in comparison to other children. The normalization of childhood obesity and low caregiver recognition of this condition may impact the uptake and effectiveness of intervention initiatives.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lindsay Joyce Nitsche, Sarbajit Mukherjee, Kareena Cheruvu, Cathleen Krabak, Rohit Rachala, Kalyan Ratnakaram, Priyanka Sharma, Maddy Singh, Sai Yendamuri
Summary: Many studies have indicated a link between obesity and negative health effects, including worse outcomes for cancer patients. However, some studies paradoxically suggest that obesity may actually have a survival benefit in certain types of cancer treatment. This relationship may be due to inadequate quantification of adiposity, enhanced immune response, and factors such as sex, medication use, and smoking. Accurate measurement of abdominal obesity is likely crucial in predicting prognosis. Understanding the factors contributing to the obesity paradox and its impact on lung cancer can aid in the treatment and prognosis of this disease and may lead to further research on the specific effects of obesity on cancer.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
M. L. Tang, Y. Q. Zhou, A. Q. Song, J. L. Wang, Y. P. Wan, R. Y. Xu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) for incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Chinese elderly population. The results showed that a high BMI was associated with an increased risk of developing DM. It is recommended for the elderly to maintain their body weight within a reasonable range to prevent chronic diseases.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Deniz Turkmen, Jane A. H. Masoli, Joao Delgado, Chia-Ling Kuo, Jack Bowden, David Melzer, Luke C. Pilling
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between reported pharmacogenetic variants and incident adverse events in patients prescribed dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (dCCBs). The results showed that carriers of the rs877087 T allele in RYR3 had an increased risk of heart failure. Additionally, genetic variants in NUMA1 and CYP3A5 were also associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Foong Way David Tai, Ailish Healy, Praveen Thokala, Stefania Chetcuti Zammit, Reena Sidhu, Mark McAlindon
Summary: This study compared the costs of different methods of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and found that transnasal endoscopy was the cheapest, while magnet assisted capsule endoscopy was the most expensive. Oral endoscopy required sedation and had a higher rate of infectious complications, leading to higher costs.
FRONTLINE GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Praveen Thokala, Steve Goodacre, Katherine Oatey, Rachel O'Brien, David E. Newby, Alasdair Gray
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of early CT coronary angiography (CTCA) for intermediate risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared with standard care. The results showed that within the trial, there were no significant differences in costs or QALYs between early CTCA and standard care. Long-term economic analysis suggested higher long-term costs with CTCA and uncertain effect on long-term QALYs, making routine use of CTCA for suspected ACS unlikely to be a cost-effective use of NHS resources.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Connor D. Richardson, Hannah Roscoe, Emma Green, Racheal Brooks, Linda Barnes, Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Brayne
Summary: The prevalence of loneliness among older people has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. Factors associated with prevalent loneliness include prior loneliness, living alone, being female, living in a deprived area, separation from family during the pandemic, and frequent pre-pandemic social contact at community groups. Weekly technology-mediated contact using telephone or video calls is associated with lower odds of loneliness.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deborah L. O. King, Richard Henson, Rogier Kievit, Noham Wolpe, Carol Brayne, Lorraine K. Tyler, James B. A. Rowe, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Cam-CAN
Summary: Cardiovascular ageing is associated with cognitive impairment, but the specific contributions of different cardiovascular factors to cognitive function are not clear.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhirong Yang, Chang Wei, Xiaojuan Li, Jinqiu Yuan, Xuefeng Gao, Bingyu Li, Ziyi Zhao, Sengwee Toh, Xin Yu, Carol Brayne, Zuyao Yang, Feng Sha, Jinling Tang
Summary: This study found that the regular use of laxatives is associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia, especially in individuals who use multiple types of laxatives or osmotic laxatives.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kuan Ken Lee, David Lowe, Rachel O'Brien, Ryan Wereski, Anda Bularga, Caelan Taggart, Matthew T. H. Lowry, Amy V. Ferry, Michelle C. Williams, Giles Roditi, John Byrne, Chris Tuck, Denise Cranley, Praveen Thokala, Steve Goodacre, Catriona Keerie, John Norrie, David E. Newby, Alasdair J. Gray, Nicholas L. Mills
Summary: This study aims to investigate if outpatient CT coronary angiography can reduce the risk of subsequent myocardial infarction or cardiac death in patients with intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations. It will also determine if using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-guided CTCA can improve clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Article
Economics
Tommi Tervonen, Jorien Veldwijk, Katherine Payne, Xinyi Ng, Bennett Levitan, Leila G. Lackey, Kevin Marsh, Praveen Thokala, Francesco Pignatti, Anne Donnelly, Martin Ho
Summary: Benefit-risk assessment is conducted to evaluate and communicate the balance between benefit and risk of medical products. Quantitative benefit-risk assessment incorporates explicit outcome weighting to evaluate this balance. This report describes good practices for developing quantitative benefit-risk assessments.
Article
Economics
Leila G. Lackey, Xinyi Ng, Jorien Veldwijk, Praveen Thokala, Bennett Levitan, Katherine Payne, Martin Ho, Tommi Tervonen
Summary: This study demonstrates the application of ISPOR's quantitative benefit-risk assessment (qBRA) recommendations in evaluating the benefit-risk profile of brodalumab. The results suggest that brodalumab 210 mg had a more favorable benefit-risk profile compared to ustekinumab and placebo.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chia-Ling Kuo, Ben Kirk, Meiruo Xiang, Luke C. C. Pilling, George A. A. Kuchel, Richard Kremer, Gustavo Duque
Summary: This study examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in older participants. It found that low or extremely low vitamin D levels were associated with shorter LTL, as well as high vitamin D levels. However, these associations may be influenced by unmeasured confounders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohammed D. Rajab, Emmanuel Jammeh, Teruka Taketa, Carol Brayne, Fiona E. Matthews, Li Su, Paul G. Ince, Stephen B. Wharton, Dennis Wang
Summary: This study applies machine learning approaches to identify critical features of Alzheimer-related pathologies associated with dementia. Results show that Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage, beta-amyloid, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most important features for dementia classification. The best-performing dementia classifier achieved 79% sensitivity, 69% specificity, and 75% precision using the top eight neuropathological features.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Communication
Ahmet Begde, Manisha Jain, Maria Goodwin, Carol Brayne, Linda Barnes, Rachael Brooks, Emma Green, Connor Richardson, Tom Dening, Thomas Wilcockson, Eef Hogervorst
Summary: Technology is seen as a solution for the aging population in the UK to improve independence and health. However, factors such as age, gender, access to technology, and physical health affect older adults' willingness to use memory assistive and ADL supportive technologies. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and technology producers should target older people, females, and those with less access to technology to promote healthy and independent aging.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lucy R. Banfield, Karen M. Knapp, Luke C. Pilling, David Melzer, Janice L. Atkins
Summary: Hemochromatosis, a disorder caused by the HFE p.C282Y variant, is associated with musculoskeletal morbidity. This study examined the genotype associations of hemochromatosis with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal outcomes and joint replacement surgeries. The results showed that male p.C282Y homozygotes had an increased incidence of osteoarthritis, hip replacement, knee replacement, ankle and shoulder replacement.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Sebastian Walsh, Richard Merrick, Carol Brayne
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emma Nichols, Richard Merrick, Simon Hay, Dibya Himali, Jayandra J. Himali, Sally Hunter, Hannah A. D. Keage, Caitlin S. Latimer, Matthew R. Scott, Jaimie Steinmetz, Jamie M. Walker, Stephen B. Wharton, Crystal Wiedner, Paul K. Crane, Dirk Keene, Lenore J. Launer, Fiona E. Matthews, Julie Schneider, Sudha Seshadri, Lon White, Carol Brayne, Theo Vos
Summary: This study aimed to harmonise neuropathology measures across multiple community-based autopsy cohorts and assess the prevalence, correlation, and co-occurrence of neuropathologies in the ageing population. The results showed that the co-occurrence of neuropathologies in older adults was strongly associated with dementia status, highlighting the complexity of underlying brain pathologies. Rating: 9 out of 10.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2023)