Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sigrid Gouma, Madison E. Weirick, Marcus J. Bolton, Claudia P. Arevalo, Eileen C. Goodwin, Elizabeth M. Anderson, Christopher M. McAllister, Shannon R. Christensen, Debora Dunbar, Danielle Fiore, Amanda Brock, JoEllen Weaver, John Millar, Stephanie DerOhannessian, Ian Frank, Daniel J. Rader, E. John Wherry, Scott E. Hensley
Summary: Recent studies suggest that common coronavirus infections may reduce the severity of COVID-19 upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals with higher beta coronavirus antibody titers experienced significantly reduced symptom duration following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While cross-reactive antibodies elicited by past infections do not provide protection, cellular immune responses may transiently reduce symptom duration.
Article
Microbiology
Abigail Vanderheiden, Jeronay Thomas, Allison L. Soung, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Katharine Floyd, Fengzhi Jin, David A. Cowan, Kathryn Pellegrini, Pei-Yong Shi, Arash Grakoui, Robyn S. Klein, Steven E. Bosinger, Jacob E. Kohlmeier, Vineet D. Menachery, Mehul S. Suthar
Summary: The CCR2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in promoting viral control and limiting inflammation in the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating the infiltration and expansion of monocyte-derived cells to restrict viral burden and regulate the inflammatory response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pei Sen, Teresa K. Yamana, Sasikiran Kandula, Marta Galanti, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 was characterized by increasing ascertainment rates, high population susceptibility, and rising community infectious rates, with infection fatality rate decreasing towards the end of the year.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryuta Uraki, Maki Kiso, Shun Iida, Masaki Imai, Emi Takashita, Makoto Kuroda, Peter J. Halfmann, Samantha Loeber, Tadashi Maemura, Seiya Yamayoshi, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Zhongde Wang, Mutsumi Ito, Michiko Ujie, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuri Furusawa, Ryan Wright, Zhenlu Chong, Seiya Ozono, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Hiroshi Ueki, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Rong Li, Yanan Liu, Deanna Larson, Michiko Koga, Takeya Tsutsumi, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Shinya Yamamoto, Masao Hagihara, Keiko Mitamura, Tetsuro Sato, Masayuki Hojo, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Kenji Maeda, Riccardo Valdez, Moe Okuda, Jurika Murakami, Calvin Duong, Sucheta Godbole, Daniel C. Douek, Ken Maeda, Shinji Watanabe, Aubree Gordon, Norio Ohmagari, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Michael S. Diamond, Hideki Hasegawa, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: The replicative ability and pathogenicity of Omicron BA.2 variant is similar to that of BA.1 in rodents, but it shows less pathogenicity compared to early SARS-CoV-2 strains. There is a marked reduction in the neutralizing activity of plasma from individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and vaccine recipients against BA.2 variant.
Article
Biology
Mohammad Afsar, Rohan Narayan, Md Noor Akhtar, Deepakash Das, Huma Rahil, Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj, Sandeep M. Eswarappa, Shashank Tripathi, Tanweer Hussain
Summary: In this study, it was discovered that montelukast sodium hydrate has a strong binding affinity to the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 and can inhibit the inhibitory effect of Nsp1 on host protein synthesis. Additionally, montelukast sodium hydrate also shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann, Nadine Krueger, Sebastian Schulz, Anne Cossmann, Cheila Rocha, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Luise Graichen, Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer, Martin S. Winkler, Martin Lier, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Hans-Martin Jaeck, Georg M. N. Behrens, Stefan Poehlmann
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Article
Immunology
Megan A. Dunay, Sarah L. McClain, Rick L. Holloway, Sarah L. W. Norris, Talie Bendixsen Randall, Caitlin E. Mohr, Brent H. Sasaki, Joseph A. Coones, Nicholas J. Vietri
Summary: Completion of a 5-day course of remdesivir was found to be significantly associated with increased odds of survival among nursing home residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it was well tolerated and feasible to administer in a pre-hospital environment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Michael S. Piepenbrink, Jun-Gyu Park, Ashlesha Deshpande, Andreas Loos, Chengjin Ye, Madhubanti Basu, Sanghita Sarkar, Ahmed Magdy Khalil, David Chauvin, Jennifer Woo, Philip Lovalenti, Nathaniel B. Erdmann, Paul A. Goepfert, Vu L. Truong, Richard A. Bowen, Mark R. Walter, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Summary: Researchers have identified antibodies with universal activity against coronaviruses and developed several monoclonal antibodies that can neutralize SARS-CoV-2. The most potent and broad antibody, 1249A8, can neutralize different variants of SARS-CoV-2. The study suggests that there is cooperativity between S1 and S2 specific neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies have therapeutic potential and can guide the development of universal coronavirus vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Yuanzhou Zhang, Yechun Pang, Baiyin Xu, Xingshi Chen, Shunshun Liang, Jingying Hu, Xiaoying Luo
Summary: The study found that folic acid could decrease the invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 in mice, potentially by inhibiting ACE2 expression. This suggests that folic acid plays an important role in the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Ying Jie Chee, Bingwen Eugene Fan, Barnaby Edward Young, Rinkoo Dalan, David C. C. Lye
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long COVID, is an emerging public health concern. This review summarizes published trials and ongoing research on managing long COVID, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and outcome measures. Current trials focus on individual symptoms and organ dysfunction, and more research is needed to address the unmet needs of patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Huong Nguyen, Godwin Sokpor, Arpan Parichha, Linh Pham, Nidhi Saikhedkar, Yuanbin Xie, Pauline Antonie Ulmke, Joachim Rosenbusch, Mehdi Pirouz, Ruediger Behr, Anastassia Stoykova, Beate Brand-Saberi, Huu Phuc Nguyen, Jochen F. Staiger, Shubha Tole, Tran Tuoc
Summary: The BAF chromatin remodeling complex has been found to regulate the spatiotemporal patterning of the mouse dorsal telencephalon. Deletion of the BAF complex resulted in abnormal expansion of forebrain patterning, causing disruptions in the development of the hippocampal primordium and cortical identity. The BAF complex interacts with the transcription factor LHX2 to drive the transcriptional program essential for dorsal telencephalon patterning.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cassandra Willyard
Summary: Researchers have differing opinions on the severity of reinfection and whether COVID-19 can lead to lasting changes in the immune system.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Kucharski
Summary: To address the vicious cycle of incomplete understanding and ineffective virus control, it is necessary to have a conversation about privacy.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Summary: Coronavirus vaccines help reduce the risk of developing COVID-19, but studies differ on their protective effect against long COVID.
Review
Oncology
Goran Micevic, Marcus W. Bosenberg, Qin Yan
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown significant improvements in treating various cancers, but there are still challenges to overcome. Some cold tumor types, like pancreatic cancer, have low response rates to ICI due to low immunogenicity. Additionally, patients who initially respond to ICI may experience T-cell exhaustion, leading to a lack of sustained response. Recent studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic modifiers in regulating tumor cell immunity and T-cell exhaustion, suggesting that targeting the intersection of epigenetics and immune checkpoint therapy could enhance antitumor immune responses.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fadi J. Najm, Peter DeWeirdt, Molly M. Moore, Samantha M. Bevill, Chadi A. El Farran, Kevin A. Macias, Mudra Hegde, Amanda L. Waterbury, Brian B. Liau, Peter van Galen, John G. Doench, Bradley E. Bernstein
Summary: Chromatin regulators, which are frequently mutated in human cancer, are the focus of this study as potential drug targets. The researchers perform combinatorial CRISPR knockouts on leukemia cells to identify gene pairs that show compensatory non-lethal interactions or synergistic lethality. They discover protein complex dependencies that were not apparent in single knockout screens, such as MCM histone exchange, the NuRD complex, and the HBO1 complex. The authors explore the inactivation of the NuRD complex and find that combinations of the KAT7 complex are synergistic lethal, highlighting the ING5 PHD domain as a potential therapeutic target.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Hiromitsu Asashima, Subhasis Mohanty, Michela Comi, William E. Ruff, Kenneth B. Hoehn, Patrick Wong, Jon Klein, Carolina Lucas, Inessa Cohen, Sarah Coffey, Nikhil Lele, Leissa Greta, Khadir Raddassi, Omkar Chaudhary, Avraham Unterman, Brinda Emu, Steven H. Kleinstein, Ruth R. Montgomery, Akiko Iwasaki, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Naftali Kaminski, Albert C. Shaw, David A. Hafler, Tomokazu S. Sumida
Summary: T cell-B cell interaction is crucial for immune response against severe viral infection, but its role in supporting protective humoral immunity in humans is not well understood. This study investigates CD4+ T cell subsets associated with plasma-blast expansion and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. The findings reveal that peripheral helper T cells (Tph cells) are increased and exhibit B cell help signatures, promoting plasmablast differentiation. Expanded plasmablasts express higher levels of CXCR3, positively correlated with activated Tph cells and better clinical outcome. This study uncovers a role for Tph cells in regulating protective B cell response during acute viral infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marion Dejosez, Arturo Marin, Graham M. Hughes, Ariadna E. Morales, Carlos Godoy-Parejo, Jonathan L. Gray, Yiren Qin, Arun A. Singh, Hui Xu, Javier Juste, Carlos Ibanez, Kris M. White, Romel Rosales, Nancy J. Francoeur, Robert P. Sebra, Dominic Alcock, Thomas L. Volkert, Sebastien J. Puechmaille, Andrzej Pastusiak, Simon D. W. Frost, Michael Hiller, Richard A. Young, Emma C. Teeling, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Thomas P. Zwaka
Summary: By creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bats, researchers have discovered that bats can tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats' special traits.
Article
Virology
Dan Israel Zavala-Vargas, Giovani Visoso-Carbajal, Leticia Cedillo-Barron, Jessica Georgina Filisola-Villasenor, Romel Rosales-Ramirez, Juan E. E. Ludert, Edgar Morales-Rios
Summary: By studying the interactions between the Zika virus and host proteins, we discovered that human cytoplasmic dynein-1 interacts with the virus's envelope protein. This interaction may serve as a potential drug target. Our findings also suggest that this interaction is dynamic and plays a role in the replication cycle of the Zika virus. These results provide new insights into the replication of the Zika virus and offer a promising molecular target for modulating viral infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shivali Patel, Alec N. Sexton, Madison S. Strine, Craig B. Wilen, Matthew D. Simon, Anna Marie Pyle
Summary: Compact RNA structural motifs play a crucial role in gene expression, but identifying these structures in long RNAs has been challenging. This study introduces Tb-seq, a high-throughput sequencing method that detects sharp backbone turns indicative of compact tertiary structures in large RNAs. By detecting these structures, Tb-seq enables the search for stable structural modules and potential riboregulatory motifs in transcriptomes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anis Barmada, Jon Klein, Anjali Ramaswamy, Nina N. Brodsky, Jillian R. Jaycox, Hassan Sheikha, Kate M. Jones, Victoria Habet, Melissa Campbell, Tomokazu S. Sumida, Amy Kontorovich, Dusan Bogunovic, Carlos R. Oliveira, Jeremy Steele, E. Kevin Hall, Mario Pena-Hernandez, Valter Monteiro, Carolina Lucas, Aaron M. Ring, Saad B. Omer, Akiko Iwasaki, Inci Yildirim, Carrie L. Lucas
Summary: A study found that rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Contrary to early hypotheses, the underlying mechanisms of this pathology do not involve hypersensitivity myocarditis or hyperimmune humoral response. Instead, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteases were observed, along with expansion of activated T cells and NK cells, and inflammation and fibrosis in monocytes. These findings provide insights into the cytokine-dependent pathology of vaccine-associated myopericarditis and have implications for vaccine development and clinical care.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fernando J. de Miguel, Claudia Gentile, William W. Feng, Shannon J. Silva, Akshay Sankar, Francisco Exposito, Wesley L. Feng, Mary Ann Melnick, Camila Robles-Oteiza, Madeline M. Hinkley, Jeanelle A. Tsai, Antja-Voy Hartley, Jin Wei, Anna Wurtz, Fangyong Li, Maria I. Toki, David L. Rimm, Robert Homer, Craig B. Wilen, Andrew Z. Xiao, Jun Qi, Qin Yan, Don X. Nguyen, Pasi A. Janne, Cigall Kadoch, Katerina A. Politi
Summary: In this study, the chromatin accessibility and gene regulatory signatures of osimertinib-sensitive and resistant EGFR-mutant lung cancer models were investigated. The research discovered the involvement of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in TKI resistance. By disrupting the mSWI/SNF ATPases SMARCA4/SMARCA2, the resistant models were re-sensitized to osimertinib via inhibition of mSWI/SNF-mediated regulation of cellular programs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jon Klein, Jamie Wood, Jillian R. Jaycox, Rahul M. Dhodapkar, Peiwen Lu, Jeff R. Gehlhausen, Alexandra Tabachnikova, Kerrie Greene, Laura Tabacof, Amyn A. Malik, Valter Silva Monteiro, Julio Silva, Kathy Kamath, Minlu Zhang, Abhilash Dhal, Isabel M. Ott, Gabrielee Valle, Mario Pena-Hernandez, Tianyang Mao, Bornali Bhattacharjee, Takehiro Takahashi, Carolina Lucas, Eric Song, Dayna Mccarthy, Erica Breyman, Jenna Tosto-Mancuso, Yile Dai, Emily Perotti, Koray Akduman, Tiffany J. Tzeng, Lan Xu, Anna C. Geraghty, Michelle Monje, Inci Yildirim, John Shon, Ruslan Medzhitov, Denyse Lutchmansingh, Jennifer D. Possick, Naftali Kaminski, Saad B. Omer, Harlan M. Krumholz, Leying Guan, Charles S. Dela Cruz, David van Dijk, Aaron M. Ring, David Putrino, Akiko Iwasaki
Summary: This study found that individuals with long COVID have distinct biological changes, including altered myeloid and lymphocyte populations, exaggerated humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, and increased antibody responses to other viral pathogens. Cortisol and immune factors also showed variations in individuals with long COVID.
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan D. Lee, Bridget L. Menasche, Maria Mavrikaki, Madison M. Uyemura, Su Min Hong, Nina Kozlova, Jin Wei, Mia M. Alfajaro, Renata B. Filler, Arne Muller, Tanvi Saxena, Ryan R. Posey, Priscilla Cheung, Taru Muranen, Yujing J. Heng, Joao A. Paulo, Craig B. Wilen, Frank J. Slack
Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant public health threat as its variants can evade the immune system and cause breakthrough infections. The impact of pathogenic coronaviruses on chromatin proteomic composition is not well understood. This study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to stabilization of TP53 on chromatin, which contributes to its pathogenic effects on host cells. Differences in spike variants of SARS-CoV-2 alter chromatin accessibility, cellular senescence, and inflammatory cytokine release through TP53, suggesting variations in senescence-associated inflammation among different SARS-CoV-2 variants.