Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Linjing Jiang, Hoi-Chung Leung
Summary: VSWM performance in 2D space was systematically mapped using memory-guided and visually guided saccade tasks. Memory-guided saccades showed increased unsystematic errors with target eccentricity and delay, indicating neurophysiological and functional factors contributing to errors in VSWM. These findings suggest limitations in VSWM representation, the influence of noise on memory maintenance, and potential independent mechanisms for spatial and temporal processing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Koorosh Mirpour, James W. Bisley
Summary: The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) provides a stable map integrating task rules and stimulus identity, while the frontal eye field (FEF) is consistently modulated by more complex information but integrates all information just before the saccade to make the final decision on where to move the eye.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Craig W. Berridge, David M. Devilbiss, Andrea J. Martin, Robert C. Spencer, Rick L. Jenison
Summary: Goal-directed behavior relies on neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and extended frontostriatal circuitry. Stress impairs frontostriatal-dependent cognition, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of acute noise-stress on neural activity and connectivity within cognition-related frontostriatal circuitry in rats. The results showed that stress suppressed neuronal responses and disrupted neural coding and functional connectivity during a spatial working memory task, providing insights into the cognitive impairing effects of stress.
Article
Neurosciences
Mohsen Parto Dezfouli, Philipp Schwedhelm, Michael Wibral, Stefan Treue, Mohammad Reza Daliri, Moein Esghaei
Summary: The study investigated visual feature binding across different dimensions using a novel stimulus configuration, demonstrating the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in this process and the dynamic modulation of low frequency inter-regional communication.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Domenica Veniero, Joachim Gross, Stephanie Morand, Felix Duecker, Alexander T. Sack, Gregor Thut
Summary: The activation of the Frontal Eye Fields can shape visual cortex activity and perception through mechanisms of oscillatory realignment at the beta frequency.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Charalampos Papadimitriou, Charles D. Holmes, Lawrence H. Snyder
Summary: The study finds that the dynamics of memory cells during spatial memory periods are more complex than previously thought. They suggest that memory may be supported by multiple attractor networks working in parallel, with each network having its own characteristic mean turn-off time that gradually frees up mnemonic resources over time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua A. Seideman, Terrence R. Stanford, Emilio Salinas
Summary: The study shows that spatial selection in LIP is distinct from, and may even conflict with, evidence accumulation during saccadic choices. This finding is important for understanding the guidance mechanisms of eye movements.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renata Kabiljo, Alfredo Iacoangeli, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Ivana Rosenzweig
Summary: ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with unclear association with the cerebellar role, recent findings suggest certain gene variants are significantly linked to ALS risk. Gene-based and tissue enrichment analysis show a specific relationship between cerebellar tissue and ALS, calling for a re-evaluation of cerebellar involvement in ALS pathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Megan Roussy, Benjamin Corrigan, Rogelio Luna, Roberto A. Gulli, Adam J. Sachs, Lena Palaniyappan, Julio C. Martinez-Trujilio
Summary: The study found that LPFC neurons maintain robust and distinct neural codes for mnemonic and perceptual visuospatial representations during naturalistic vision, with animals using different behavioral strategies for working memory and perception tasks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clement M. Garin, Marie Garin, Leonardo Silenzi, Rye Jaffe, Christos Constantinidis
Summary: The size of the prefrontal cortex in humans is not disproportionately enlarged compared to other catarrhini species. However, humans have the most relatively enlarged frontal and parietal lobes in an infraorder exhibiting a disproportionate expansion of these areas.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fuhai Bai, Lu Huang, Jiao Deng, Zonghong Long, Xianglin Hao, Penghui Chen, Guangyan Wu, Huizhong Wen, Qiangting Deng, Xiaohang Bao, Jing Huang, Ming Yang, Defeng Li, Yukun Ren, Min Zhang, Ying Xiong, Hong Li
Summary: This study reveals that the GABAergic PL-orexinergic LH projection is an important control circuit for intermale aggressive behavior, and both could be targets for curbing aggression.
Article
Neurosciences
Iwona Stepniewska, Sofia Kahler-Quesada, Jon H. Kaas, Robert M. Friedman
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of squirrel monkeys contains subregions that can elicit complex movements. Stimulation of a specific area in the PPC, known as the parietal eye field (PEF), can induce eye movements. In this study, connections between PEF, frontal eye field (FEF), and other cortical regions were investigated in squirrel monkeys. The findings suggest that PEF in squirrel monkeys is similar to the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area in macaques in terms of its organization and function.
Article
Physiology
Russell J. Jaffe, Christos Constantinidis
Summary: Working memory is the ability to maintain and manipulate information in the conscious mind over a short period of time, primarily achieved through the persistent discharges of neurons in a network of brain areas. Neural correlates of WM have been found in species beyond primates, including rodents and corvids. The network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons plays a critical role in maintaining neuronal activity.
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Behrad Noudoost, Kelsey Lynne Clark, Tirin Moore
Summary: This study shows that working memory directly influences the neural circuits that transform visual inputs into visually guided behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Judith K. Morgan, Hendrik Santosa, Kaetlyn K. Conner, Rachel M. Fridley, Erika E. Forbes, Satish Iyengar, Heather M. Joseph, Theodore J. Huppert
Summary: During the early years of life, mother-child synchronization of positive affect promotes regulation of child homeostatic systems. Limited research has explored the possibility of mother-child affective synchrony contributing to neural synchronization. This study found that greater positive affective synchrony was associated with greater neural synchrony in frontal and temporoparietal regions. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess brain activities of mothers and children during dyadic play.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Takuya Ito, Scott L. Brincat, Markus Siegel, Ravi D. Mill, Biyu J. He, Earl K. Miller, Horacio G. Rotstein, Michael W. Cole
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew F. Panichello, Timothy J. Buschman
Summary: Cognitive control guides behavior by controlling what, when, and how information is represented in the brain. Prefrontal cortex acts as a domain-general controller for both selection and attention, while parietal and visual cortex represent attention and selection independently. Selection and attention facilitate behavior by enhancing and transforming the representation of selected memory or attended stimulus.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra Libby, Timothy J. Buschman
Summary: In the auditory cortex of mice, sensory representations evolve over time and rotate into orthogonal memory representations, allowing short-term memories to avoid interference from new sensory inputs. This rotational dynamic is an efficient mechanism for generating orthogonal representations, protecting memories from sensory interference during implicit learning.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Andre O. Beukers, Timothy J. Buschman, Jonathan D. Cohen, Kenneth A. Norman
Summary: This study examines the role of working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in task performance, suggesting that the mechanisms of EM can better explain the phenomenon of Activity Silent WM (ASWM).
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Indie C. Garwood, Sourish Chakravarty, Jacob Donoghue, Meredith Mahnke, Pegah Kahali, Shubham Chamadia, Oluwaseun Akeju, Earl K. Miller, Emery N. Brown
Summary: This study quantified the neural activity induced by Ketamine and provided detailed descriptions of the spectroscopic features in non-human primates and human patients. The findings can facilitate the development of neurophysiological mechanistic models of Ketamine and biomarker discovery for clinical anesthesia monitoring.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Camden J. MacDowell, Sina Tafazoli, Timothy J. Buschman
Summary: Cognitive control is the process of orchestrating interactions between different brain regions to support adaptive and goal-directed behaviors. This control is achieved by directing the flow of high-dimensional representations between regions using low-dimensional control states, allowing for flexible adaptation to new environments and capturing the richness of the world.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Bocincova, Timothy J. Buschman, Mark G. Stokes, Sanjay G. Manohar
Summary: Changes in synaptic strength and neuronal tuning in the prefrontal cortex can occur when there is a need to reassociate features, leading to different neural responses to identical stimuli.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
David L. Baracka, Earl K. Miller, Christopher Moore, Adam M. Packer, Luiz Pessoa, Lauren N. Ross, Nicole C. Rust
Summary: This article discusses the various concepts and naming of "causality" in neuroscience and proposes four ways to enhance clarity around causality.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Leo Kozachkov, John Tauber, Mikael Lundqvist, Scott L. Brincat, Jean-Jacques Slotine, Earl K. Miller
Summary: Research suggests that short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) is important for maintaining working memory and making neural networks more brain-like. Artificial neural networks with STSP showed better performance in maintaining memories and resisting network degradation compared to networks without STSP.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Flora Bouchacourt, Sina Tafazoli, Marcelo G. Mattar, Timothy J. Buschman, Nathaniel D. Daw
Summary: To adapt to a changing world, we must be able to switch between learned rules and learn new rules. Rule switching and rule learning rely on distinct but intertwined computations, namely fast inference and slower incremental learning. By studying how monkeys switch between rules, we found that they use fast inference to learn the response axis during rule switching, while continuously re-evaluating the stimulus-response associations within an axis during rule learning.
Article
Neurosciences
Roser Sanchez-Todo, Andre M. Bastos, Edmundo Lopez-Sola, Borja Mercadal, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Earl K. Miller, Gustavo Deco, Giulio Ruffini
Summary: In this study, a new framework called laminar neural mass models (LaNMM) is proposed to simulate electrophysiological measurements by combining conduction physics with NMMs. Using this framework, the location of oscillatory generators in the prefrontal cortex of the macaque monkey is inferred from laminar-resolved data. A minimal model capable of generating coupled slow and fast oscillations is defined, and LaNMM-specific parameters are optimized to fit the recorded data. The functional connectivity (FC) of the model and data are evaluated using an optimization function, and the family of best solutions reproduces the observed FC by selecting specific locations of pyramidal cells and their synapses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mikael Lundqvist, Scott L. Brincat, Jonas Rose, Melissa R. Warden, Timothy J. Buschman, Earl K. Miller, Pawel Herman
Summary: Working memory is achieved through interactions between beta and gamma oscillations, which allow the spatial flow of item-specific activity across the network. This spatial flow is independent of the detailed recurrent connectivity supporting the item-specific activity, and control-related information is stored in the spatial activity. Analysis of local field potentials and neuronal spiking confirms these predictions. Spatial computing can facilitate generalization and zero-shot learning by utilizing spatial component as an additional information encoding dimension.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Indie C. Garwood, Alex J. Major, Marc-Joseph Antonini, Josefina Correa, Youngbin Lee, Atharva Sahasrabudhe, Meredith K. Mahnke, Earl K. Miller, Emery N. Brown, Polina Anikeeva
Summary: This study successfully translates multifunctional fiber neurotechnology from rodent studies to macaque studies, enabling cortical and subcortical neural recording and modulation. By recording and analyzing the electrophysiological changes during a working memory task, the researchers uncover the reshaping process of neural activity under local inhibition.
Article
Biology
Aylin Apostel, Matthew Panichello, Timothy J. Buschman, Jonas Rose
Summary: This study investigates the attractor dynamics of working memory in primates and corvids. The researchers found that corvid working memory exhibits similar behavioral biases as humans, and discrete attractors are evenly spread across the stimulus space. By comparing different species, the results strengthen the view of attractor dynamics as a general biological principle for efficient use of working memory.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sourish Chakravarty, Jacob Donoghue, Ayan S. Waite, Meredith Mahnke, Indie C. Garwood, Sebastian Gallo, Earl K. Miller, Emery N. Brown
Summary: Research has shown that unconsciousness under general anesthesia can be reliably tracked using real-time electroencephalogram processing. To aid patient management during surgery, a closed-loop anesthesia delivery system was implemented in nonhuman primates, which accurately controlled the level of unconsciousness. The system demonstrated superior performance and established critical steps for designing and testing closed-loop anesthesia delivery systems in humans.