Omics-based approaches for the systematic profiling of mitochondrial biology

Mitochondria are essential for cellular functions such as metabolism and apoptosis. They dynamically adapt to the changing environmental demands by adjusting their protein, nucleic acid, metabolite, and lipid con-tents. In addition, the mitochondrial components are modulated on different levels in response to changes, including abundance, activity, and interaction. A wide range of omics-based approaches has been devel-oped to be able to explore mitochondrial adaptation and how mitochondrial function is compromised in dis-ease contexts. Here, we provide an overview of the omics methods that allow us to systematically investigate the different aspects of mitochondrial biology. In addition, we show examples of how these methods have provided new biological insights. The emerging use of these toolboxes provides a more comprehensive un-derstanding of the processes underlying mitochondrial function.

Automated summary

Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular metabolism and apoptosis, and they dynamically adjust their contents of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids to adapt to environmental changes. Multiple levels of regulation, including abundance, activity, and interaction, modulate mitochondrial components in response to changes. Omics-based approaches have been developed to systematically investigate mitochondrial adaptation and dysfunction in diseases. This review provides an overview of these methods and showcases how they have contributed to a better understanding of mitochondrial biology.