Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with vascular dementia

Background and purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates that various infections contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been implicated as a risk factor of atherosclerosis for stroke and other cardiovascular disease, but limited data exist regarding vascular dementia (VD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hp infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with VD. Methods: A total of 354 patients who were diagnosed with VD were enrolled. Patients were divided into Hp positive VD group (n = 208) and Hp negative VD group (n = 156) using the C-13-urea breath test (C-13-UBT). Serum YKL-40, a marker for inflammation, were analyzed by ELISA. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were collected or detected. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by color Doppler ultrasound. Results: CIMT values and serum YKL-40 significantly increased in Hp positive VD group in comparison with Hp negative VD group (p < 0.05). In Hp positive VD group, serum YKL-40 was positively correlated with CIMT (r = 0.412, p < 0.05), and the association was independent of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors (13 = 0.381, p < 0.001). Conclusions: CIMT and serum YKL-4 were significantly higher in Hp positive patients than Hp negative patients. Hp-induced inflammation may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with VD. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.