Review
Physiology
Ian A. J. Darragh, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Brendan Egan
Summary: Exercise factors are a key area of research, potentially influencing acute exercise metabolism and adaptation to exercise training. Exercise training may alter the resting profile of circulating exercise factors, some of which may be transported as small EVs in circulation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rajesh Gupta, Rizwan Khan, Constanza J. Cortes
Summary: Regular exercise is essential for maintaining healthy neurocognitive function and CNS immuno-metabolism, reducing the risk of Alzheimer's Disease and improving cognitive function in AD patients. Skeletal muscle serves as a significant secretory organ during exercise, releasing myokines that may play a role in the documented benefits of exercise in AD. However, there is limited research on the specific alterations in skeletal muscle-originating secreted factors and their potential neuroprotective effects in AD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caio dos Santos Trettel, Bruno Rocha de Avila Pelozin, Marcelo Paes Barros, Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi, Pedro Gabriel Senger Braga, Cesar Miguel Momesso, Guilherme Eustaquio Furtado, Pedro Afonso Valente, Edilamar Menezes Oliveira, Eef Hogervorst, Tiago Fernandes
Summary: Human beings' sedentary lifestyle is not beneficial to health, and exercise can promote pathways through exerkines to optimize individual health and quality of life, providing protective effects against aging and noncommunicable diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and interorgan crosstalk underlying the beneficial effects of exercise, particularly in relation to exerkine irisin, remain poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Rugivan Sabaratnam, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Kurt Hojlund
Summary: Exercise activates metabolic and signalling pathways, resulting in systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Skeletal muscle, as an important endocrine organ, mediates crosstalk with other tissues through the release of myokines. Other tissues may also release cytokines and peptides in response to exercise. Extracellular vesicles may carry signals involved in tissue crosstalk.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Lucia Mastrototaro, Michael Roden
Summary: Lifestyle modification is the first-line approach for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is often linked to obesity and characterized by insulin resistance and defective pancreatic insulin secretion. Exercise training plays a crucial role in lifestyle modification by reducing body fat mass, enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin-independent glucose uptake to improve insulin resistance. Furthermore, exercise stimulates the release of various factors such as exerkines, long non-coding RNA, microRNAs, cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles, which contribute to inter-tissue communication. The altered number and content of extracellular vesicles in obesity and T2DM may be involved in metabolic processes related to insulin resistance, suggesting their potential as new biomarkers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of T2DM.
Article
Physiology
Atanaska Ivanova Doncheva, Silvana Romero, Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho, Sindre Lee, Kristoffer J. Kolnes, Daniel Steensen Tangen, Thomas Olsen, Christian A. Drevon, Alicia Llorente, Knut Tomas Dalen, Marit Hjorth
Summary: Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles and their cargo miRNAs are associated with dysglycemia, obesity, and metabolic health. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the exercise-induced effects of extracellular vesicles and their cargo miRNAs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Catitti, Domenico De Bellis, Simone Vespa, Pasquale Simeone, Barbara Canonico, Paola Lanuti
Summary: Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are circulating particles that carry proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNA fragments, playing important roles in intercellular communication. EVs can regulate host immune response and exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Physical exercise has anti-inflammatory effects on the host's immune response. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs in the anti-inflammatory events associated with the regulation of the host's immune response during physical exercise.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francheska Delgado-Peraza, Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz, Anja Hviid Simonsen, De'Larrian DeAnte Knight, Pamela J. Yao, Edward J. Goetzl, Camilla Steen Jensen, Peter Hogh, Hanne Gottrup, Karsten Vestergaard, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Dimitrios Kapogiannis
Summary: This study investigated the changes of neuroprotective proteins proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in plasma from patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) participating in a randomized controlled trial of exercise. The results suggest that exercise can increase the levels of neuroprotective factors in NDEVs, and AD patients carrying APOE ε4 are more responsive to the neuroprotective effects of physical activity. However, the levels of putative exerkines in NDEVs remained unchanged after exercise.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Haifeng Liu, Bing Wu, Xin Shi, Yanpeng Cao, Xin Zhao, Daqiang Liang, Qihuang Qin, Xinzhi Liang, Wei Lu, Daping Wang, Jun Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of aerobic exercise-induced circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a cell-free therapy for activating angiogenesis and promoting diabetic wound healing. The results show that circulating EVs can enhance cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, as well as improve wound healing in diabetic rats.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Faraldi, V. Sansoni, S. Perego, M. Gomarasca, L. Gerosa, M. Ponzetti, N. Rucci, G. Banfi, G. Lombardi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their association with myokine response. The results showed that five microRNAs were upregulated in whole plasma, while two were downregulated. In the extracellular vesicle fraction, five microRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. The correlation between microRNAs and myokines confirmed the findings, suggesting a pivotal role of circulating microRNAs in acute endurance exercise.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qichen Shen, Zhuizui Huang, Lingyan Ma, Jiachen Yao, Ting Luo, Yao Zhao, Yingping Xiao, Yuanxiang Jin
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease without a cure, and disruption of the microbial ecosystem is considered a major cause. This study investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs) in host-microbe interactions in colitis. The researchers found that miR-181b-5p transplantation inhibited inflammation and promoted macrophage polarization, while miR-200b-3p regulated the microbiota composition and contributed to intestinal barrier integrity. MVs from feces and BMVs from colitis also had similar effects. These findings provide new insights and potential treatment strategies for colitis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Vago, Giorgia Radano, Davide Zocco, Natasa Zarovni
Summary: Urine is an ideal source of non-invasive diagnostic markers, however, issues such as urine concentration variability and biases introduced in urine EV analysis restrict its full potential. This study evaluated methods to decrease biases and found that appropriate urine storage, optimal single-step EV purification method, and normalization method can enable accurate analysis of urine EV RNA.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biology
Lucia Scisciola, Rosaria Anna Fontanella, Surina, Vittoria Cataldo, Giuseppe Paolisso, Michelangela Barbieri
Summary: Sarcopenia is characterized by muscle degeneration and is associated with cognitive impairment, with studies showing that skeletal muscle can produce myokines that regulate brain function. Exercise can change myokine levels and have beneficial effects on the brain, highlighting the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk.
Article
Virology
Steven Kopcho, Marina McDew-White, Wasifa Naushad, Mahesh Mohan, Chioma M. Okeoma
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the composition of circulating exmiRNAs and their association with extracellular particles, such as EVs and ECs, using sRNA sequencing. The study also found that SIV infection can alter the miRNA profile of EVs and suggested that miR-128-3p may be a potential target of HIV/SIV. This research has important implications for the development of biomarker approaches for various diseases based on the analysis of circulating exmiRNAs.
Article
Oncology
Jolene Chisholm, Sandor Haas-Neill, Peter Margetts, Khalid Al-Nedawi
Summary: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of death in men, and current biomarker tests have limitations in accurately diagnosing the disease. This study examined the protein, mRNA, and miRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected from PC patients and healthy subjects. The analysis revealed distinct groups of proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs that differed between healthy subjects and PC patients, as well as between different tumor types. These findings suggest potential molecular markers for diagnosing PC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Carlo Ferri Marini, Davide Sisti, James S. Skinner, Mark A. Sarzynski, Claude Bouchard, Stefano Amatori, Marco B. L. Rocchi, Giovanni Piccoli, Vilberto Stocchi, Ario Federici, Francesco Lucertini
Summary: This study aimed to assess if considering individual characteristics can make the relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake reserve during incremental exercise more accurate. The study found that regardless of individual characteristics, the relationship between the percentage of heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve differed from the identity line, and the difference increased after aerobic training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Carlo Ferri Marini, Philippe Tadger, Isaac Armando Chavez-Guevara, Elizabeth Tipton, Marco Meucci, Zoran Nikolovski, Francisco Jose Amaro-Gahete, Ratko Peric
Summary: Regular exercise at the intensity matching maximal fat oxidation (FAT(max)) has been proposed to enhance the body's ability to oxidize fat. The connection between FAT(max) and aerobic thresholds (AerT) has been examined, but the agreement levels between the two intensities are influenced by clinical and methodological differences among studies. Future studies should focus on strict standardization of data collection and analysis to improve agreement levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giuseppe Romano, Maria Tufariello, Nadia Calabriso, Laura Del Coco, Francesco P. Fanizzi, Antonio Blanco, Maria A. Carluccio, Francesco Grieco, Barbara Laddomada
Summary: Studies have shown that using red-to-black pigmented grains and pulses as raw materials can improve the content of health-promoting compounds in beer. Additionally, the use of traditional and non-conventional yeasts can influence the flavor and quality of these new functional beverages. Chemical methods can be used to monitor the composition, organoleptic profile, safety, and authentication issues of these novel beer products, showcasing their potential for protection and promotion.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Del Coco, Marco Greco, Alessandra Inguscio, Anas Munir, Antonio Danieli, Luca Cossa, Debora Musaro, Maria Rosaria Coscia, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi, Michele Maffia
Summary: This study analyzed serum samples from Antarctic expedition participants to investigate metabolic changes and adaptations to hypoxia. By using NMR spectroscopy, it was found that during the adaptation period, there was an increase in circulating glutamine and lipids for energy supply, while levels of glutamate and N-acetyl glycoproteins, stress indicators, and proinflammatory markers decreased. Pathway analysis revealed potential perturbations related to physiological adaptation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Mauro De Santi, Giosue Annibalini, Giuseppe Marano, Giacomo Biganzoli, Elisabetta Venturelli, Massimo Pellegrini, Francesco Lucertini, Giorgio Brandi, Elia Biganzoli, Elena Barbieri, Anna Villarini
Summary: This study analyzed the association between IGF-1 levels and metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in breast cancer survivors. The results showed that circulating IGF-1 levels were lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome, and insulin was the main predictor of elevated IGF-1 levels in subjects without metabolic syndrome. There was also an interaction between HDL-C, glycemia, and IGF-1 levels, particularly in subjects with higher glycemia values and without a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gianluca Bochicchio, Luca Ferrari, Alberto Bottari, Francesco Lucertini, Alessandra Scarton, Silvia Pogliaghi
Summary: The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is widely used to estimate lower limb muscle power. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) could be used to obtain objective, accurate and automatic measures of lower limb muscle power. In a study with 62 older adults, the IMU-based estimates of various variables showed significant but very large to extremely large correlations with the laboratory equipment measurements.
Review
Sport Sciences
Stefano Amatori, Carlo Ferri Marini, Erica Gobbi, Davide Sisti, Germana Giombini, Rosalba Rombaldoni, Marco B. L. Rocchi, Francesco Lucertini, Ario Federici, Fabrizio Perroni, Giorgio Calcagnini
Summary: Workplace interventions using short high-intensity interval training (HIT) are feasible and have positive post-exercise psychosocial responses, but they show limited effectiveness in improving health-related outcomes. More high-quality studies are needed to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness and feasibility of HIT compared to other types of exercise in the workplace.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valentina Natalucci, Carlo Ferri Marini, Mauro De Santi, Giosue Annibalini, Francesco Lucertini, Luciana Vallorani, Andrea Rocco Panico, Davide Sisti, Roberta Saltarelli, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Deborah Agostini, Marco Gervasi, Giulia Baldelli, Eugenio Grassi, Alessandra Nart, Massimo Rossato, Vincenzo Biancalana, Giovanni Piccoli, Piero Benelli, Anna Villarini, Matteo Somaini, Vincenzo Catalano, Stefania Guarino, Alice Pietrelli, Silvia Monaldi, Donatella Sarti, Simone Barocci, Marco Flori, Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi, Giorgio Brandi, Vilberto Stocchi, Rita Emili, Elena Barbieri
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise training in improving quality of life and health-related factors in high-risk breast cancer survivors. 172 non-metastatic breast cancer survivors, aged 30-70 years, 6-12 months post-surgery, and post chemo- or radiotherapy, will be recruited for this study. The findings of this research may help improve the quality of life and health outcomes of breast cancer survivors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelica Giuliani, Anna Maria Giudetti, Daniele Vergara, Laura Del Coco, Deborah Ramini, Sara Caccese, Matilde Sbriscia, Laura Graciotti, Gianluca Fulgenzi, Luca Tiano, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi, Fabiola Olivieri, Maria Rita Rippo, Jacopo Sabbatinelli
Summary: Cellular senescence is closely linked to endothelial dysfunction, resulting in chronic inflammation and vascular impairments. The metabolic behavior of senescent endothelial cells is complex and plays a role in the proinflammatory phenotype.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Natalucci, Carlo Ferri Marini, Francesco Lucertini, Giosue Annibalini, Davide Sisti, Luciana Vallorani, Roberta Saltarelli, Andrea Rocco Panico, Marta Imperio, Marco Flori, Paolo Busacca, Anna Villarini, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Deborah Agostini, Silvia Monaldi, Simone Barocci, Vincenzo Catalano, Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi, Piero Benelli, Vilberto Stocchi, Elena Barbieri, Rita Emili
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the cardiometabolic responses of a lifestyle intervention conducted at home among breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that a 3-month intervention focusing on diet and exercise had beneficial effects on various cardiometabolic variables, with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiorespiratory fitness showing sustained improvement.