Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yoshimi Tatsukawa, Kismet Cordova, Michiko Yamada, Waka Ohishi, Misa Imaizumi, Ayumi Hida, Richard Sposto, Ritsu Sakata, Saeko Fujiwara, Shuhei Nakanishi, Masayasu Yoneda
Summary: Among atomic bomb survivors, radiation was found to be associated with the incidence of diabetes. The results varied by city and age at time of bombing, suggesting potential confounding factors influencing the radiation-diabetes association.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Susan Storey, Xiao Luo, Susan Ofner, Susan M. Perkins, Diane Von Ah
Summary: Colorectal cancer survivors with diabetes and hyperglycemia experience more symptoms and exhibit two distinct symptom clusters compared to those without hyperglycemia.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Frank A. Sinicrope
Summary: Early-onset colorectal cancer, which accounts for 10% of cases, is increasing in incidence, particularly in high-income countries. Patients often present with advanced disease in the left colon, and one in six patients has deficient DNA mismatch repair. Screening is recommended to begin at 45 years of age.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jiao-Jiao Ren, Zhi-Hao Li, Wen-Fang Zhong, Pei-Liang Chen, Qing-Mei Huang, Xiao-Meng Wang, Ping-Ming Gao, Chen Mao
Summary: This study using UK Biobank data found that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes. The risk of colorectal cancer decreased as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may have potential benefits in preventing colorectal cancer among adults with type 2 diabetes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Steven Woloshin, Barnett S. Kramer
Summary: This article discusses the role and limitations of graphs, as well as how to avoid being misled by them. It also mentions a recent journal article that featured a graph considered to be misleading.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Keyi Yang, Daniela Doege, Melissa S. Y. Thong, Lena Koch-Gallenkamp, Linda Weisser, Heike Bertram, Andrea Eberle, Bernd Holleczek, Alice Nennecke, Annika Waldmann, Sylke Ruth Zeissig, Ron Pritzkuleit, Lina Jansen, Hermann Brenner, Volker Arndt
Summary: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cancer survivors is not higher than in cancer-free controls, however, cancer survivors with DM have a potentially increased risk of mortality.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hermann Brenner, Thomas Heisser, Rafael Cardoso, Michael Hoffmeister
Summary: In the era of widespread uptake of screening colonoscopy, CRC incidence rates decreased by up to 50% in older age groups in the USA, despite adverse trends in CRC risk factors and increasing CRC incidence at younger ages. However, first results from a randomized trial suggest rather modest effects of screening colonoscopy. The apparent discrepancy between real-world and trial evidence can be explained by factors such as limited screening adherence, widespread uptake of colonoscopy outside the screening offers, and the inclusion of prevalent, non-preventable CRC cases in reported numbers of incident cases. Alternative interpretations of screening endoscopy trial results accounting for prevalence bias are in line with trends in countries offering CRC screening, and should encourage more widespread implementation and uptake of effective CRC screening.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chiranjeev Dash, Jiachen Lu, Vicky Parikh, Stacey Wathen, Samay Shah, Ruchi Shah Chaudhari, Lucile Adams-Campbell
Summary: The study compared colorectal cancer screening rates among breast and prostate cancer survivors in Southern Maryland, finding that factors such as living in metropolitan areas and comorbidities like obesity and diabetes were associated with lower screening rates for breast cancer survivors.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ulrike Boehmer, Melissa A. Clark, Michael Winter, Flora Berklein, Al Ozonoff
Summary: This study examined the relationship between sexual minority-specific factors and health-related quality of life, psychological adjustment, and quality of care among colorectal cancer survivors. Findings showed that lifetime discrimination experiences had negative associations with survivors' physical and mental quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Sexual minority-specific discrimination experiences were negatively associated with perceived quality of care. However, self-rated health and rating of care were not influenced by sexual minority-specific factors.
Article
Oncology
Janette L. Vardy, Gregory R. Pond, Lucette A. Cysique, Thomas M. Gates, Jim Lagopoulos, Corrinne Renton, Louise M. Waite, Ian F. Tannock, Haryana M. Dhillon
Summary: There was no difference in cognitive capacity and function between CRC survivors and controls 6-12 years after diagnosis. Differences in neuroimaging require confirmation in a larger sample.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Samar J. Melhem, Shereen Nabhani-Gebara, Reem Kayyali
Summary: Research has found that colorectal cancer survivors and their caregivers face various challenges in understanding their diagnosis and treatment options, highlighting the importance of health literacy. The study's findings show that the lack of information and awareness, as well as the influence of healthcare systems, significantly impact patients' health literacy. Therefore, improving cancer literacy and creating health-literate organizations and systems have the potential to enhance patients' treatment experiences.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chung-Mao Yuan, Chung-Ching Wang, Wei-Te Wu, Ching-Liang Ho, Wei-Liang Chen
Summary: The study found that older age, receiving radiotherapy, higher income, medium company size, and advanced pathological staging were negatively correlated with return to work for patients with colorectal cancer. However, there was no significant association between employment and all-cause mortality. Further research should include participants from different countries, ethnic groups, and patients with other types of cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Chen Lee, Biai Dominique Elmir Digbeu, Hani Serag, Hanaa Sallam, Yong-Fang Kuo
Summary: This study examined the trend of Diabetes Self-Management Training (DSMT) utilization among cancer survivors and assessed individual characteristics associated with it. The results showed that the number of first-time DSMT users slowly increased over the years but suddenly dropped after 2016. However, the number of all DSMT users continued to increase and plateaued after 2016. Individual characteristics such as Hispanic ethnicity and Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility were positively associated with both the initiation and retention of DSMT, while living in a metropolitan area posed as a barrier.
Article
Oncology
Berbel L. M. Ykema, Emilie C. H. Breekveldt, Beatriz Carvalho, Tom van Wezel, Gerrit A. Meijer, Martijn Kerst, Michael Schaapveld, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Petur Snaebjornsson, Monique E. van Leerdam
Summary: This study found a higher prevalence of MMRd CRC among non-seminoma testicular cancer survivors. These MMRd CRCs were more often caused by somatic mutations or loss of heterozygosity compared to primary CRC. Exposure to anticancer treatments appears to be associated with the development of these rare MMRd CRC among cancer survivors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xingqi Cao, Zhenqing Yang, Xueqin Li, Chen Chen, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Jingyun Zhang, Nengliang Aaron Yao, Lina Ma, Yawei Zhang, Yong Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Yuxian Du, Xiaofeng Wang, Xifeng Wu, Thomas M. Gill, Zuyun Liu
Summary: Using two widely used frailty indicators, this study found that frailty, even in the very early stage, was positively associated with the incidence risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus among long-term cancer survivors.
Article
Rheumatology
Sanjana Tarannum, Jessica Widdifield, C. Fangyun Wu, Sindhu R. Johnson, Paula Rochon, Lihi Eder
Summary: This study compared patterns of healthcare utilization between male and female patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA). The findings showed that female patients had higher healthcare utilization than male patients before and after diagnosis, possibly indicating biological differences in disease course or sociocultural differences in healthcare-seeking behavior.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shailee Siddhpuria, Colleen Webber, Alyson L. Mahar, Julie Hallet, Paula A. Rochon, Christina Reppas-Rindlisbacher
Summary: During the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic, older women, older adults with pre-existing depression and anxiety, and those with multimorbidity were more likely to report persistent mental health symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: This article reviews the diverse array of pathophysiological processes linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and proposes alterations in mitochondrial function, specifically the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, as a key factor in MDD. It emphasizes the role of astrocytes and their involvement in integrating various biological underpinnings of MDD, including gut dysbiosis, developmental and social stressors, and oxidant-induced changes in gene responses. The article also discusses how social processes, such as discrimination, can physiologically regulate susceptibility to MDD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cancers within the tumor microenvironment. The melatonergic pathway regulates mitochondrial function and affects cell interactions and gene expression. Tumors manipulate this pathway to enhance their survival and proliferation. Future research and treatment strategies should focus on targeting the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: The article integrates data on the biological underpinnings of ALS, focusing on the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and systemic factors. Suppression of this pathway leads to changes in muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor, contributing to a lack of metabolic trophic support at the neuromuscular junction. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a driver of motor neuron susceptibility in ALS. Gut dysbiosis/permeability and pineal melatonin play important roles in upregulating the melatonergic pathway. The occupational risk of ALS in farmers, gardeners, and sportsmen/women is linked to exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George Anderson
Summary: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an immune-mediated condition characterized by the failure of pancreatic beta-cells to produce enough insulin. The gut microbiome, including interactions with Candida albicans infection, plays an important role in T1DM. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are associated with immune dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the significance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and the role of gut bacteria in driving pancreatic beta-cell loss and autoimmune effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Natalie Palumbo, Shereen Khattab, Andrea Lawson, Paula A. Rochon
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
George Anderson, Abbas F. Almulla, Russel J. Reiter, Michael Maes
Summary: There is increasing evidence that autoimmune processes play an important role in various medical conditions, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. These conditions are associated with alterations in mitochondrial function across cells. The mitochondrial melatonergic pathway is present in all body cells and has important implications for driving autoimmune processes.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
George Anderson
Summary: Platelets not only play an important role in clot formation, but also interact with the gut microbiome and circadian systems. The platelet mitochondrial melatonergic pathway is crucial for platelet activation, fluxes, and plasticity, and has significant implications for the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of various diseases.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Derek R. Manis, Paul Katz, Natasha E. Lane, Paula A. Rochon, Samir K. Sinha, Ross Andel, George A. Heckman, David Kirkwood, Andrew P. Costa
Summary: This study examined the annual rates of emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions, and alternate levels of care (ALC) days among older adults in Ontario, Canada, revealing that residents of assisted living facilities had the highest rates of ED visits, hospital admissions, and ALC days. This may be attributed to population characteristics and fragmented regulation in the sector, suggesting that interdisciplinary, after-hours, team-based approaches to home and primary care in assisted living facilities could reduce avoidable healthcare utilization and optimize resource allocation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Derek R. Manis, Paul Katz, Natasha E. Lane, Paula A. Rochon, Samir K. Sinha, Ross Andel, George A. Heckman, David Kirkwood, Andrew P. Costa
Summary: This study investigates the changes in sociodemographic characteristics, clinical comorbidities, and transitions between care settings among residents of assisted living facilities in Ontario, Canada. The findings reveal that there has been a 34% relative increase in the resident population size of assisted living facilities within less than a decade, indicating a progressive increase in clinical complexity. The study suggests the implementation of on-site medical care aligned with the needs of these older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Parya Borhani, Paula A. Rochon, Barbara Carrieri, Kieran Dalton, Andrea Lawson, Joyce Li, Robin Mason, Lisa M. Mccarthy, Luca Paoletti, Sara Santini, Kawsika Sivayoganathan, Shelley Sternberg, Donna R. Zwas, Rachel D. Savage
Summary: This study aims to explore the potential impact of physician implicit gender biases on prescribing decisions that may lead to the initiation of prescribing cascades in older men and women in Canada and Italy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christina Reppas-Rindlisbacher, Alexa Boblitz, Robert A. Fowler, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Kathleen A. Sheehan, Therese A. Stukel, Paula A. Rochon
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on health care for hospitalized older adults, leading to increased rates of delirium and prescribing of related medications. Pandemic-related changes may have contributed to these trends.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Russel J. Reiter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Dun-Xian Tan, Gang Huang, Luis Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa, George Anderson
Summary: Melatonin has the potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by altering cell metabolism, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reversing cancer chemoresistance, and functioning synergistically with conventional cancer-inhibiting drugs. It also induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, contributing to its anti-cancer actions. However, the lack of thorough clinical trials may be due to resistance and limited financial gain from its use, as melatonin is inexpensive and non-patentable.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Pamela Leece, Michael Whelan, Andrew P. Costa, Nick Daneman, Jennie Johnstone, Allison McGeer, Paula Rochon, Kevin L. Schwartz, Kevin A. Brown
Summary: Studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic have found that crowding in nursing homes is associated with higher incidence of respiratory infections and mortality. This association is consistent across various respiratory pathogens. Decreasing crowding is important for resident wellbeing and reducing the transmission of respiratory pathogens.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2023)
