Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Feng Hu, David D. Oglesby, Baoning Wu, Xiaofei Chen
Summary: Rupture velocity, defined by different gradients, affects the understanding of earthquake physics. In some cases, a rupture may be classified as supershear using a 1D horizontal measure but not via the 2D gradient calculation, highlighting the importance of rupture velocity definitions for supershear analysis.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Dong, Kaiwen Xia, Ying Xu, Derek Elsworth, Jean-Paul Ampuero
Summary: Earthquakes are destructive natural hazards whose damage capacity is determined by rupture speeds. Traditional dynamic rupture models predict that earthquakes accelerate gradually to the Rayleigh wave speed, with some of them reaching stable supershear speeds. However, the 2018 Palu earthquake challenges this viewpoint by demonstrating subRayleigh or supershear propagation speeds immediately after nucleation. Laboratory experiments on shear ruptures and self-similar analysis confirm this observation, leading to a model where rupture speed is solely dependent on driving load. These findings explain various field observations on earthquake speeds.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chao Liang, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Daniel Pino Munoz
Summary: This study investigates for the first time the prevalence of supershear ruptures across multiple earthquake cycles on long faults, finding that supershear events only occur in a specific range of friction parameters that are not commonly observed in laboratory experiments, which may explain the rarity of supershear earthquakes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohamed Abdelmeguid, Chunhui Zhao, Esref Yalcinkaya, George Gazetas, Ahmed Elbanna, Ares Rosakis
Summary: This study analyzed the 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaras/Pazarcik earthquake in Turkey and developed a dynamic rupture model to reveal the spatially non-uniform propagation speeds and conditions for rupture jump and delayed backpropagation. These findings have important implications for earthquake hazards and future response efforts.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jorge Jara, Lucile Bruhat, Marion Y. Thomas, Solene L. Antoine, Kurama Okubo, Esteban Rougier, Ares J. Rosakis, Charles G. Sammis, Yann Klinger, Romain Jolivet, Harsha S. Bhat
Summary: This study provides theoretical and numerical insights to identify the precise location of the transition from subshear to supershear speed in natural earthquakes. Through fracture mechanics arguments and multiple numerical models, the researchers identified a decrease in the width of the coseismic off-fault damage zone as the signature of this transition. By cross-validating this signature with high-resolution observations, they confirmed and refined the location of this transition for natural supershear earthquakes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lixing Lu, Tao Li, Zhuxin Chen, Jie Chen, Jessica Thompson Jobe, Lihua Fang
Summary: In the seismically active Tian Shan, the Jiashi-Keping region is known for frequent moderate earthquakes and the study investigates the active structural geometries responsible for these earthquakes. Different fault systems are identified to be correlated with recorded major earthquakes, with potential for larger earthquakes to be generated by specific fault systems. The study emphasizes the importance of fault geometry in controlling seismic activities and enhancing understanding of seismic hazards in the Tian Shan region.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. E. Maesano, M. Buttinelli, R. Maffucci, G. Toscani, R. Basili, L. Bonini, P. Burrato, J. Fedorik, U. Fracassi, Y. Panara, G. Tarabusi, M. M. Tiberti, G. Valensise, R. Vallone, P. Vannoli
Summary: A 5.5 magnitude earthquake occurred offshore Pesaro, Italy, rupturing a buried thrust fault known as the Cornelia thrust system (CTS). The CTS is a 30km long arcuate structure that strikes NW-SE and dips SW, and may have been influenced by older structures at its footwall. Further investigation is needed to understand the full earthquake potential of this seismogenic source.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Huainan Zhu, Jinli Huang
Summary: This study applies a graphics processing unit-based match and locate method to detect missing small aftershocks of the 2014 M 6.4 and 5.9 Kangding double shocks in Sichuan, southwestern China. The results reveal the migration of aftershocks along the seismogenic faults and suggest a triggering process between the mainshocks.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matthieu Sylvander, Sebastien Chevrot, Jean-Baptiste Ammirati, Sylvain Calassou, Magali Collin, Jordi Diaz, Nikos Martakis, Katerina Polychronopoulou, Antonio Villasenor
Summary: An unusual seismic sequence was recorded during a passive seismic experiment in the foreland of the western Pyrenees in southwest France. The sequence consisted of more than 600 events clustered in a small volume, suggesting a connection with hydrogen leaks on the surface.
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Naoyuki Kato
Summary: The numerical simulation studied earthquake cycles at a subduction zone using a specific friction law, finding that stable sliding occurs in deeper regions with velocity-strengthening friction while simulated earthquakes occur repeatedly in shallower regions. The detachment of plates due to shear stress concentration during interseismic periods leads to aseismic sliding events with lower velocities.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Tahir Javed, Sylvain Barbot, Farhan Javed, Aamir Ali, Carla Braitenberg
Summary: This study uses radar interferometry to analyze the deformation associated with the 2015 Dajal blind earthquake at the eastern boundary of the Sulaiman Fold Thrust (SFT) in Central Pakistan. The results show that the earthquake ruptured the Base of Boundary Thrust and caused folding, located approximately 30 km away from the nearest surface exposure.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jorge C. Castellanos, Robert W. Clayton
Summary: The metropolitan Los Angeles region, with its high-seismic risk due to proximity to fault systems, has a complex interplay between structural variations and seismic wave amplification. By using petroleum industry surveys, researchers have been able to create a high-resolution model of the crust, revealing the significant impact of small-scale structures on earthquake wave propagation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. M. Budkov, S. B. Kishkina, G. G. Kocharyan
Summary: This paper analyzes the formation of supershear rupture on a model fault with homogeneous and heterogeneous surface through numerical simulation. The size of the inhomogeneities on the slip plane largely determines the pattern of dynamic rupture propagation. Interaction between regions with different frictional properties can cause rupture transition to supershear and slowdown fracture propagation.
IZVESTIYA-PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. Skeivalas, E. K. Parseliunas, D. Slikas, R. Obuchovski, R. Birvydiene
Summary: The paper analyzes the possibility of developing digital models for seismic vibration parameters based on observations at the LUWI seismic station in Indonesia. Statistical procedures, the Doppler effect expression, and covariance functions theory were employed for data processing. Trends in vibration intensities were detected and estimated using least-squares method and polynomial approximation, with partial elimination of random errors. Self-developed computer programs based on Matlab were utilized for data analysis.
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhu ShouBiao, Cui ZeFei
Summary: Supershear rupture earthquakes are more dangerous than subshear ones, but they are extremely rare in nature. In this study, the finite element method was used to analyze the triggering factors of supershear rupture, and it was found that the Earth's free surface is the most important factor. Additionally, the geometry of the fault, barriers, and anti-asperities can also promote the transition from subshear rupture to supershear rupture, but there is a temporal pause in the transition process.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Afaf El-Ansary, Naima Zayed, Laila Al-Ayadhi, Hanan Qasem, Mona Anwar, Nagwa A. Meguid, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Monica Daniela Dosa, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Geir Bjorklund
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by reduced social communication and repetitive behaviors. Studies have shown that GABA levels are reduced in ASD patients, while levels of caspases 3 and 9 are elevated. Analysis of data and curves suggest that these biomarkers may be utilized for the diagnosis of autism.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Carlisha Hall, Magdalena Cerda, Harish Bhat
Summary: This study found that patients with specific physical health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, may be more likely to die by firearm suicide according to emergency department records and mortality data. Men and older individuals had higher rates of firearm suicide, and there was significant variability in firearm use among suicide decedents across different diagnostic groups.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sameera Abuaish, Norah M. Al-Otaibi, Kawther Aabed, Turki S. Abujamel, Saleha Ahmad Alzahrani, Sohailah Masoud Alotaibi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Shaista Arzoo, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study found that PPA treatment led to impaired social behavior in male rats but had no effect on females, indicating sex differences in response to PPA. It also observed variations in hormone levels, antioxidants, and cytokines between sexes. The results suggest that neural biochemical differences at baseline may play a role in the manifestation of autism, particularly in males.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahmed Elbanna, Mohamed Abdelmeguid, Xiao Ma, Faisal Amlani, Harsha S. Bhat, Costas Synolakis, Ares J. Rosakis
Summary: Research has shown that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the generation of large tsunamis under certain conditions. Supershear ruptures propagating along strike-slip faults, traversing narrow and shallow bays, are prime candidates for tsunami generation. The characteristic dynamic focusing and large horizontal displacements of strike-slip earthquakes are critical drivers for tsunami hazard.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ranyah Shaker M. Labban, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Ahmed T. Almnaizel, May N. Al-Muammar, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study showed that Garcinia mangostana extract and curcumin have significant effects in modulating oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rodent models.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Musarat Amina, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Abeer M. Al-Dbass, Nawal M. Musayeib, Rania Fahmy, Leen Alhadlaq, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: In this study, we found that Moringa oleifera seed extract has a protective effect against glutamate-induced DNA damage in RGCs, potentially increasing the cell survival rate without affecting DNA integrity. The seed extract is rich in phytochemicals and demonstrates neuroprotective effects, suggesting it may help prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Abir Ben Bacha, Norah Al-Orf, Mona Alonazi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: This study demonstrates that probiotics can reduce apoptosis and neuroinflammation induced by propionic acid (PPA) by modulating gut function. In a hamster model, probiotics significantly decreased levels of apoptotic markers and inflammation markers, providing protection against brain damage.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anwar Al Suhaibani, Abir Ben Bacha, Mona Alonazi, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: The study examined the combined effects of mixed probiotic and bee pollen on brain intoxication induced by propionic acid in rat pups. The results showed that the treatment was effective in improving oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jorge Jara, Lucile Bruhat, Marion Y. Thomas, Solene L. Antoine, Kurama Okubo, Esteban Rougier, Ares J. Rosakis, Charles G. Sammis, Yann Klinger, Romain Jolivet, Harsha S. Bhat
Summary: This study provides theoretical and numerical insights to identify the precise location of the transition from subshear to supershear speed in natural earthquakes. Through fracture mechanics arguments and multiple numerical models, the researchers identified a decrease in the width of the coseismic off-fault damage zone as the signature of this transition. By cross-validating this signature with high-resolution observations, they confirmed and refined the location of this transition for natural supershear earthquakes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuval Tal, Vito Rubino, Ares J. Rosakis, Nadia Lapusta
Summary: This study investigates how the asymmetric geometry of thrust faults affects earthquake dynamics, with experimental results showing asymmetries in motion velocities between the hanging and footwalls. Surface velocity attenuation is found to be larger at the hanging wall, with experimental measurements consistent with numerical simulations and field observations. The findings suggest that the interaction of ruptures with the free surface leads to reduced normal stress near the surface in thrust earthquakes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Faisal Amlani, Harsha S. Bhat, Wim J. F. Simons, Alexandre Schubnel, Christophe Vigny, Ares J. Rosakis, Joni Efendi, Ahmed E. Elbanna, Pierpaolo Dubernet, Hasanuddin Z. Abidin
Summary: This article investigates the mechanism of the tsunami generated by the 2018 Palu earthquake in Indonesia. The study confirms that the earthquake reached supershear speed and reproduces the arrival and motion of the tsunami through simulations. The results suggest that the interaction between Mach fronts generated by supershear speed and the bathymetry contributed to the tsunami.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hongyu Zeng, Shengji Wei, Ares Rosakis
Summary: This study investigates the impact of source-side 3D velocity structure on teleseismic travel-time in back projection analysis of large earthquakes. Travel-time data recorded by the Hi-Net array is used to reveal how travel-time errors vary with source location. The study proposes a new interpolation scheme to calibrate the travel-time error by using earthquakes located around the mainshock rupture, and validates it through relocating inland M > 5.0 earthquakes in central Japan. The calibrated back projection result is then applied to image the rupture of the 2002 Denali earthquake, revealing useful information about the rupture process.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
S. Marty, A. Schubnel, H. S. Bhat, J. Aubry, E. Fukuyama, S. Latour, S. Nielsen, R. Madariaga
Summary: In this study, the precursory acoustic emission (AE) activity during the nucleation of stick-slip instability is used to investigate foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes. The results of three stick-slip experiments on Indian metagabbro samples show that AE activity increases towards failure and is driven by fault slip velocity. The AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse Omori type law, and the magnitude of AEs increases towards failure.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Abeer Al-Dbass, Musarat Amina, Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Amira A. El-Anssary, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Rania Fahmy, Majd M. Alhamdan, Afaf El-Ansary
Summary: The study found that L. sativum seed extracts can improve cell viability in retinal ganglion cells under the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and act as an anti-excitotoxic and antioxidant agent that may improve the clinical presentation of various neurological disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yanzheng Wang, Qian Wu, Yiran Tian, Guoliang Huang
Summary: This paper proposes the microstructure design of an odd plate and investigates the directional wave energy amplification and the presence of interface waves in odd plates through theoretical and numerical analysis. The research findings contribute to the understanding of elastic behavior in 2D non-Hermitian systems.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. Greco, D. Codony, H. Mohammadi, S. Fernandez-Mendez, I. Arias
Summary: This study overcomes the difficulty of harnessing the flexoelectric effect by designing multiscale metamaterials. Through topology optimization calculations, we obtain optimal structures for various apparent piezoelectric properties and find that low-area-fraction lattices are the preferred choice. The results show competitive estimations of apparent piezoelectricity compared to reference materials such as quartz and PZT ceramics.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxuan Zhang, Tryaksh Gupta, Zhenlin Wang, Amalie Trewartha, Abraham Anapolsky, Krishna Garikipati
Summary: This study presents a computational framework for coupled electro-chemo-(nonlinear) mechanics at the particle scale in solid-state batteries, including interfacial fracture, degradation in charge transfer, and stress-dependent kinetics. The discontinuous finite element method allows for arbitrary particle shapes and geometries.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengguan Zhang, Xavier Balandraud, Yongjun He
Summary: The coexistence of both austenite and martensite is a common characteristic in Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). The multiple-domain microstructures, consisting of austenite, martensite twins, and individual martensite variants, evolve collectively during the phase transformation, affecting the material's macroscopic response. This paper presents an experimentally observed interface consisting of five domains in a Ni-Mn-Ga single-crystal, and analyzes the effects of thermal loading path and material initial state on the domain pattern formation.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shaobao Liu, Haiqian Yang, Guang-Kui Xu, Jingbo Wu, Ru Tao, Meng Wang, Rongyan He, Yulong Han, Guy M. Genin, Tian Jian Lu, Feng Xu
Summary: The balance between stress and adhesion plays a crucial role in governing the behaviors of adherent cells, such as cell migration. In certain microenvironments, such as tumor, variations in hydrostatic pressure can significantly impact cell volume and adhesion, which in turn affects cell behavior.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xun Xiong, Qinglei Zeng, Yonghuan Wang, Ying Li
Summary: In this work, the authors investigate the possibility of enhancing the resistance to crack growth in brittle materials through microstructure design. They establish a computational framework to simulate crack propagation and characterize fracture energy. The effects of different types of voids on toughening mechanisms are explored, and the critical conditions for embrittlement-toughening transition are identified. The study also discusses the difference between void toughening in brittle and ductile materials, and extends the toughening strategy to nacre-like materials.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huan Wang, Yong-Quan Liu, Jiu-Tao Hang, Guang-Kui Xu, Xi-Qiao Feng
Summary: This study establishes a cytoarchitectural model to accurately capture the buckling and postbuckling behaviors of epithelia under fast compression. The stress evolution of epithelia is divided into three stages: loading, phase transition, and stress recovery. The postbuckling process is governed by the active tension generated by the actomyosin network. The study also proposes a minimal model that predicts the flattening time and stress recovery extent as functions of applied strain or strain rate, in agreement with simulations and experiments.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Liu, Hao Liu, Yuming He, Dabiao Liu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanics and topologically complex morphologies of twisted rubber filaments using a combination of experiment and finite strain theory. A finite strain theory for hyperelastic filaments under combined tension, bending, and torsion has been established, and an experimental and theoretical morphological phase diagram has been constructed. The results accurately determine the configuration and critical points of phase transitions, and the theoretical predictions agree closely with the measurements.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abhishek Painuly, Kunnath Ranjith, Avinash Gupta
Summary: This paper analyzes the interfacial waves caused by frictional slipping and studies their dispersion relation and wave modes. By studying the slip waves in a geophysical model, the surface wave dispersion phenomenon is explored, and an alternative explanation is proposed.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Houlin Xu, Joshua Vievering, Hoang T. Nguyen, Yupeng Zhang, Jia-Liang Le, Zdenek P. Bazant
Summary: Motivated by the extraordinary strength of nacre, this study investigated the probabilistic distribution of fishnet strength using Monte Carlo simulations and found that previous analytical solutions are not applicable for fishnets with a large number of links. By approximating large-scale fishnets as a continuum with cracks or holes, the study revealed that the strength distribution follows the Weibull distribution. This new model has significance for optimizing the strength-weight ratio in printed material structures.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Souhayl Sadik, Arash Yavari
Summary: This paper revisits the mathematical foundations of nonlinear viscoelasticity and studies the geometry of viscoelastic deformations. It discusses the decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and viscous distortions and concludes that the viscous distortion can only be a two-point tensor. The governing equations of nonlinear viscoelasticity are derived and the constitutive and kinetic equations for various types of viscoelastic solids are discussed.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wen Cheng, Hongkuan Zhang, Yu Wei, Kun Wang, Gengkai Hu
Summary: In this study, we propose a phenomenon similar to Thouless pumping for a continuous in-plane elastic system, enabling topological transport of elastic waves through spatial modulation of material elasticity. By incorporating specific lattice microstructures, termed pentamode materials, precise and robust control over elastic wave propagation is achieved.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Linda Werneck, Mertcan Han, Erdost Yildiz, Marc-Andre Keip, Metin Sitti, Michael Ortiz
Summary: We have developed a simple model that describes the ionic current through neuronal membranes by considering the membrane potential and extracellular ion concentration. The model combines a simplified Poisson-Nernst-Planck model of ion transport through individual ion channels with channel activation functions calibrated from experimental data. The calibrated model accounts for the transport of calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride and shows remarkable agreement with experimentally measured current-voltage curves for human neural cells.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2024)