Impact of trade liberalization and renewable energy on load capacity factor: Evidence from novel dual adjustment approach

Several nations, including Mexico, are encountering problems with accomplishing the targets of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study addresses how to develop SDG agenda for Mexico, which may also be applied to other emerging markets with comparable profiles. Therefore, this study utilizes a newly developed load capacity factor (LCF, a detailed environmental evaluation tool) that combines biocapacity (supply side) and ecological foot (demand side) to examine the effect of renewable energy consumption and trade openness on LCF while controlling for nonrenewable energy consumption and economic growth in the case of Mexico during 1970-2017. Using the dual adjustment approach, we find evidence of long-run cointegration nexus among the series. In addition, trade openness affects LCF positively, whereas renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and nonrenewable energy consumption impact LCF negatively. Furthermore, results of the frequency domain causality show that all the variables can predict LCF in the long-term. Based on these results, Mexico should focus on promoting public understanding of green energy and environmental preservation measures and participate in the production of nonenergy-consuming and ecologically friendly products while compelling polluting enterprises to migrate to countries with less stringent environmental restrictions.

Automated summary

This study examines the SDG agenda for Mexico and its impact on sustainable development goals. The findings show that trade openness has a positive effect on load capacity factor (LCF), while renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and nonrenewable energy consumption have negative effects on LCF. The study suggests that Mexico should focus on promoting green energy and environmental preservation measures, as well as encouraging the production of nonenergy-consuming and ecologically friendly products.