Review
Cell Biology
Georgia Colleluori, Chiara Galli, Ilenia Severi, Jessica Perugini, Antonio Giordano
Summary: Obesity disease is caused by dysfunctional energy balance regulation, with the central nervous system as the master regulator. During early postnatal periods, when the brain is highly plastic and influenced by the environment, neural circuitry involved in this regulation matures. This phenomenon is considered an evolutionary strategy, adjusting metabolic functions to environmental cues. Individuals who experience early life stress (ELS) have a higher prevalence of obesity. Oxytocin plays a vital role in regulating energy balance and is closely linked to leptin. Both oxytocin and leptin impact neurodevelopment and are affected by ELS and obesity.
Review
Pediatrics
Alyssa Huang, Christian L. Roth
Summary: Recent studies have confirmed the link between increased adiposity and early puberty in both girls and boys. In addition to genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental influences such as prenatal and postnatal environment, gut microbiota, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals also play a role in obesity and early puberty.
CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Chaplin, Ramon Maria Rodriguez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Aina Ochogavia-Segui, Dora Romaguera, Gwendolyn Barcelo-Coblijn
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer, and visceral adipose tissue may play a key role in tumor development and progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Radheshyam Maurya, Prince Sebastian, Madhulika Namdeo, Moodu Devender, Arieh Gertler
Summary: Obesity is a significant risk factor in coronavirus infection, particularly in leading to severe illness and increased mortality rates during the pandemic. Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes in proportion to body fat mass, plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and immunity, with leptin deficiency or resistance linked to dysregulation of cytokine secretion and increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders, inflammatory responses, and infectious diseases. The dysregulation of leptin activity in obese patients may contribute to high mortality rates during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barbara Politynska, Olga Pokorska, Anna M. Wojtukiewicz, Magdalena Sawicka, Marta Mysliwiec, Kenneth V. Honn, Stephanie C. Tucker, Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz
Summary: Cancer patients have a higher risk of developing depression, which can lead to decreased quality of life, worse prognosis, and higher mortality. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism connecting depression and cancer is still unclear, but recent studies have implicated neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the etiology of depression. These mechanisms may result in chronic inflammation in the brain, contributing to the development of depression. Three major routes, involving proinflammatory mediators, are likely implicated in cancer-related depression: the activation of the kynurenine pathway, impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and glutamate excitotoxicity via the glutamatergic pathway. Understanding these dysregulated mechanisms and other emerging pathways may provide insights for therapeutic targeting and improve the care of cancer patients.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franck Paganelli, Giovanna Mottola, Julien Fromonot, Marion Marlinge, Pierre Deharo, Regis Guieu, Jean Ruf
Summary: The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. While HHCy is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, lowering homocysteine (HCy) levels does not significantly impact cardiovascular risk. However, the HCy degradation product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may play a cardioprotective role in the cardiovascular system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Renata Silverio, Daniela Caetano Goncalves, Marcia Fabia Andrade, Marilia Seelaender
Summary: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease with elderly individuals and patients with comorbidities at higher risk of severe outcomes. Nutritional status plays a crucial role in infection outcomes, with malnutrition affecting the immune system and body composition affecting disease prognosis.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Sanchez-Ortega, Carlos Jimenez-Cortegana, Jose P. Novalbos-Ruiz, Ana Gomez-Bastero, Jose G. Soto-Campos, Victor Sanchez-Margalet
Summary: Asthma and obesity are highly prevalent diseases with a significant impact on public health. Obesity exacerbates the development and severity of asthma through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as leptin, by adipose tissue. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the relationship between leptin and asthma during obesity. The results indicate significant differences in leptin levels and support the relevant role of leptin in the pathophysiology of asthma in obese individuals. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between leptin and asthma in obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Floor M. E. G. Steegh, Anke. A. A. Keijbeck, Patrick. A. A. de Hoogt, Timo Rademakers, Alfons J. H. M. Houben, Koen. D. D. Reesink, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Mat J. A. P. Daemen, Carine J. Peutz-Kootstra
Summary: Patients with CKD have an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renal and systemic capillary rarefaction occurs independently of the cause of renal function decline. Maintaining capillary integrity and homeostasis is crucial in the prevention and management of renal and cardiovascular disease.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jun Kyoung, Rohit R. Atluri, Tao Yang
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in drug metabolism, including antihypertensive drugs, and understanding this interaction may lead to better therapeutic outcomes. Resistant hypertension, a subset of patients with poor response to antihypertensive medications, is linked to the gut microbiota.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xing Chang, Nur Izzah Ismail, Attaur Rahman, Dachun Xu, Renee Wan Yi Chan, Sang-Ging Ong, Sang-Bing Ong
Summary: Although COVID-19 has been categorized as an endemic, the long-term effect of the disease in causing multiorgan disorders, including cardiovascular dysfunction, is gaining attention. The role of cardiac mitochondria in mediating cardiac dysfunction post-SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. Further studies are crucial to unravel the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disorders.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guangmei Wang, Katharina Dorn, Stefanie Siebeneichler, Martin Valldor, Volodymyr Smetana, Anja-Verena Mudring
Summary: Open framework materials like zeolites and metalorganic frameworks have attracted significant interest due to their unique structures and appealing functionalities. In this research, new inorganic framework materials were discovered, with scaffold based on octahedral transition metal building blocks instead of tetrahedral ones. These materials exhibit distinctive structural features and interesting properties.
Article
Business
Sonal H. Singh, Bhaskar Bhowmick, Dale Eesley, Birud Sindhav
Summary: This study examines the relationship between grassroots innovation and entrepreneurial success, revealing that entrepreneurial orientation plays a crucial mediating role in this relationship. The three factors of grassroots innovation have different impacts on entrepreneurial orientation, which in turn affects the economic and non-economic benefits generated from entrepreneurial activities.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Oscar Fernando Herrera Adarme, Bruno Eduardo Lobo Bae, Leandro Vinicius Alves Gurgel, Fabio de Avila Rodrigues, Sergo Francisco de Aquino
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of energy generation from anaerobic co-digestion of waste and found that, under specific conditions, it can achieve significant return on investment and short payback period.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amnon Brzezinski, Seema Rai, Adyasha Purohit, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
Summary: Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in controlling reproductive function, with melatonin regulating the reproductive responses of animals to environmental light conditions. Clock genes and circadian rhythms are associated with optimal reproductive performance through the synchronization of endogenous molecular clocks in various tissues throughout the body.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flore Sinturel, Weronika Spaleniak, Charna Dibner
Summary: Lipid metabolism is crucial for maintaining metabolic health, and the circadian clock system plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism. Perturbation of circadian regulation has been found to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Camille Ansermet, Gabriel Centeno, Yohan Bignon, Daniel Ortiz, Sylvain Pradervand, Andy Garcia, Laure Menin, Frederic Gachon, Hikari Ai Yoshihara, Dmitri Firsov
Summary: This study aims to investigate the pathophysiological role of intrinsic circadian clocks in the kidney of diabetics. By inducing type I diabetes in mice, the researchers found that mice with diabetes exhibited exacerbated hyperglycemia, increased polyuria, and enhanced expression of the gluconeogenic pathway in the kidneys.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celine Jouffe, Benjamin D. Weger, Eva Martin, Florian Atger, Meltem Weger, Cedric Gobet, Divya Ramnath, Aline Charpagne, Delphine Morin-Rivron, Elizabeth E. Powell, Matthew J. Sweet, Mojgan Masoodi, N. Henriette Uhlenhaut, Frederic Gachon
Summary: Obesity and liver diseases disrupt the circadian clock regulated by BMAL1, which affects nutrient metabolism and storage. In liver fibrosis, the activity of BMAL1 is perturbed. Knockout mice lacking BMAL1 are prone to obesity but protected against insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The disruption of the growth hormone and sex hormone pathways plays a critical role in this protection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cecilia Jimenez-Sanchez, Teresa Mezza, Flore Sinturel, Lingzi Li, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Giuseppe Quero, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Idris Guessous, Charna Dibner, Patrick Schrauwen, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari, Pierre Maechler
Summary: The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol is closely related to the mass of β cells, and its noninvasive monitoring can serve as an indicator of β cell loss in individuals at risk for diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Volodymyr Petrenko, Flore Sinturel, Ursula Loizides-Mangold, Jonathan Paz Montoya, Simona Chera, Howard Riezman, Charna Dibner
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that circadian clocks play a role in regulating lipid metabolism in human pancreatic islets and perturbation of temporal regulation of lipid metabolism in islets upon type 2 diabetes leads to altered insulin secretion and membrane fluidity. These findings provide important insights into the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and the role of circadian rhythms in pancreatic function.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mohamed Asrih, Flore Sinturel, Richard Dubos, Idris Guessous, Zoltan Pataky, Charna Dibner, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Karim Gariani
Summary: The study found that GDF15 levels may be dependent on sex in diabetes and/or obesity groups, with decreased levels in women who have obesity alone or in combination with diabetes.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Alison S. Wang, Nicholas J. Steers, Adwaita R. Parab, Frederic Gachon, Matthew J. Sweet, Indira U. Mysorekar
Summary: This review examines the diverse functional roles of macrophages in the bladder, including clearance of cell debris, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses. It also focuses on the origins, differentiation, recruitment, and engagement of macrophages in host defense against urinary tract infections. Additionally, the review explores the influence of age on macrophage functions and the role of diurnal variations in host defense and inflammation.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Irene Miguel-Aliaga, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Erin J. Stephenson, Frederic Gachon, Inoes Milagre, Evanna Mills, Joshua B. Rubin, Iva Kelava
Summary: Researchers in this collection explore the importance of sex differences in the development and progression of diseases, offering mechanistic clues on sexually dimorphic differences seen in interorgan communication, metabolic disease, neurological disorders, and more.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Louise Madeleine Ince, Coline Barnoud, Lydia Kay Lutes, Robert Pick, Chen Wang, Flore Sinturel, Chien-Sin Chen, Alba de Juan, Jasmin Weber, Stephan J. Holtkamp, Sophia Martina Hergenhan, Jennifer Geddes-McAlister, Stefan Ebner, Paola Fontannaz, Benjamin Meyer, Maria Vono, Stephane Jemelin, Charna Dibner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Felix Meissner, Frederik Graw, Christoph Scheiermann
Summary: The study shows that circadian rhythms affect immune responses, including responses to vaccines. Dendritic cells migrate in a time-of-day-dependent manner, altering interactions with T cells and influencing vaccine responses. The findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the development and maintenance of an adaptive immune response under circadian control, offering a strategy for optimizing vaccination regimes based on time-of-day.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meltem Weger, Benjamin D. Weger, Frederic Gachon
Summary: This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the time-of-day dependent aspects of drug metabolism and the significance of chronopharmacological strategies in drug development. The authors also highlight the factors that influence rhythmic drug pharmacokinetics, such as sex, metabolic diseases, feeding rhythms, and microbiota, which are often overlooked in the context of chronopharmacology. The review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and functions involved and emphasizes the importance of considering these parameters in the drug discovery process.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Biology
Ueli Schibler, Charna Dibner, Jurgen Ripperger
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne-Sophie Delbes, Mar Quinones, Cedric Gobet, Julien Castel, Raphael G. P. Denis, Jeremy Berthelet, Benjamin D. Weger, Etienne Challet, Aline Charpagne, Sylviane Metairon, Julie Piccand, Marine Kraus, Bettina H. Rohde, John Bial, Elizabeth M. Wilson, Lise-Lotte Vedin, Mirko E. Minniti, Matteo Pedrelli, Paolo Parini, Frederic Gachon, Serge Luquet
Summary: Peripheral organ circadian clocks, such as the liver clock, can affect the central pacemaker and the overall circadian physiology, offering potential insights into disorders related to altered circadian rhythms.
Article
Cell Biology
Chantal Alkhoury, Nathaniel F. Henneman, Volodymyr Petrenko, Yui Shibayama, Arianna Segaloni, Alexis Gadault, Ivan Nemazanyy, Edouard Le Guillou, Amare Desalegn Wolide, Konstantina Antoniadou, Xin Tong, Teruya Tamaru, Takeaki Ozawa, Muriel Girard, Karim Hnia, Dominik Lutter, Charna Dibner, Ganna Panasyuk
Summary: The class 3 phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase Vps15 subunit plays a crucial role in transcriptional gene regulation and metabolic rhythmicity. It interacts with RNA polymerase II and co-localizes with active transcription sites. Loss of Vps15 leads to decreased transcriptional activity of Bmal1-Clock, indicating its non-redundancy with the Vps34 subunit. Additionally, Vps15 is required for metabolic rhythmicity in liver and promotes pro-anabolic de novo purine synthesis.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Volodymyr Petrenko, Flore Sinturel, Howard Riezman, Charna Dibner
Summary: Lipids have important roles in energy metabolism and various biological functions. Disruption of lipid metabolism can lead to metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Circadian rhythms play a key role in regulating lipid metabolism, and recent studies have revealed the mechanistic links between molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis, and metabolic diseases. Manipulating circadian oscillators could be a promising approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in humans.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yohan Bignon, Leonore Wigger, Camille Ansermet, Benjamin D. Weger, Sylviane Lagarrigue, Gabriel Centeno, Fanny Durussel, Lou Gotz, Mark Ibberson, Sylvain Pradervand, Manfredo Quadroni, Meltem Weger, Francesca Amati, Frederic Gachon, Dmitri Firsov
Summary: Rhythmic adaptations in renal metabolism are suggested by circadian rhythmicity in renal function. By studying diurnal changes in renal metabolic pathways, we found that a significant number of RNAs, proteins, and metabolites in the kidneys of control mice display rhythmicity. Disruptions in key metabolic pathways were observed in the kidneys of mice with an inducible deletion of the circadian clock regulator Bmal1, resulting in impaired mitochondrial activity. The reabsorption of carnitine from primary urine was particularly affected, leading to decreased plasma and tissue carnitine levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
