Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Valentina Fainardi, Carlo Caffarelli, Michela Deolmi, Kaltra Skenderaj, Aniello Meoli, Riccardo Morini, Barbara Maria Bergamini, Luca Bertelli, Loretta Biserna, Paolo Bottau, Elena Corinaldesi, Nicoletta De Paulis, Arianna Dondi, Battista Guidi, Francesca Lombardi, Maria Sole Magistrali, Elisabetta Marastoni, Silvia Pastorelli, Alessandra Piccorossi, Maurizio Poloni, Sylvie Tagliati, Francesca Vaienti, Giuseppe Gregori, Roberto Sacchetti, Sandra Mari, Manuela Musetti, Francesco Antodaro, Andrea Bergomi, Lamberto Reggiani, Fabio Caramelli, Alessandro De Fanti, Federico Marchetti, Giampaolo Ricci, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Preschool wheezing is an umbrella term for diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. There is currently a lack of knowledge on the management of preschool wheezing. These guidelines aim to fill this knowledge gap and provide recommendations for the management of wheezing disorders in preschool children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Mariana Farraia, Francisca Castro Mendes, Oksana Sokhatska, Milton Severo, Joao Cavaleiro Rufo, Henrique Barros, Andre Moreira
Summary: This study analyzed data from a Portuguese birth cohort and found that the trajectories of allergic sensitization during childhood were associated with different risks of allergic diseases. These findings are important for planning effective prevention strategies.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Mariana Farraia, Francisca Castro Mendes, Oksana Sokhatska, Milton Severo, Joao Cavaleiro Rufo, Henrique Barros, Andre Moreira
Summary: This study used data from a Portuguese birth cohort to identify trajectories of allergic sensitization profiles during childhood and evaluate their association with allergic outcomes. Five different trajectories were proposed, and their associations with asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were analyzed.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Katarzyna Niespodziana, Katarina Stenberg-Hammar, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Peter Errhalt, Jon R. Konradsen, Cilla Soderhall, Marianne van Hage, Gunilla Hedlin, Rudolf Valenta
Summary: Allergen exposure and rhinovirus (RV) infections are common triggers of acute wheezing exacerbations in early childhood. Increases in VP1-specific IgG and in allergen-specific IgE may serve as biomarkers for RV infections or allergen exposure. Our results suggest that, in the majority of preschool children, RV infections trigger wheezing attacks, but, in addition, allergen exposure seems to play a role as a trigger factor.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Akinobu Nakata, Fumio Tanaka, Yuji Nadatani, Shusei Fukunaga, Koji Otani, Shuhei Hosomi, Noriko Kamata, Koichi Taira, Yasuaki Nagami, Toshio Watanabe, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Summary: The study found that patients with eosinophilic esophagitis can be categorized into three groups based on allergic sensitization patterns. These groups showed significant differences in dysphagia prevalence and endoscopic reference scores, indicating a correlation between allergic sensitization and clinical features among EE patients.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeng-Chang Chen, Cheng-Chi Chan, Nai-Chun Ting, Ming-Ling Kuo
Summary: The study found that neonatal exposure to allergens can trigger asthma-related immune responses and exacerbate asthma symptoms in adulthood. Gender differences play a significant role in asthma development, with females being more susceptible to asthma-related stimuli.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marina S. Boukhvalova, Lorne Kastrukoff, Jorge C. G. Blanco
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two CNS disorders with no cure, and recent trials have failed to find effective treatments. Evidence suggests that viral infections, such as HSV-1, may play a role in the development of both diseases. The vDENT model proposes that an initial demyelinating viral infection triggers MS in early life, with subsequent episodes of demyelination and inflammation leading to the development of AD later in life. Preventing or reducing vDENT events early in life could potentially slow down the progression of MS and decrease the incidence of AD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Eric Scheier, David Shoseyov
Summary: Point of care ultrasound can objectively document improvement in the work of breathing in paediatric lower airway obstruction. There is a correlation between beta-agonist therapy and decreased pleural line slope and excursion.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Nirupama Putcha, Han Woo, Meredith C. McCormack, Ashraf Fawzy, Karina Romero, Meghan F. Davis, Robert A. Wise, Gregory B. Diette, Kirsten Koehler, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Nadia N. Hansel
Summary: This study investigated the sensitivity of COPD patients to common indoor allergens and its association with symptoms and exacerbation risk. The results showed a significant correlation between sensitization and exposure with lower lung function, higher respiratory questionnaire scores, and higher exacerbation risk. Allergens are identified as an important home exposure in COPD, which could potentially be addressed through comprehensive home environmental modification strategies to improve outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Josefine Gradman, Susanne Halken
Summary: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a disease-modifying treatment that may prevent the progression of allergic rhinitis to asthma in children. It has the potential to delay disease progression and have a preventive effect, especially in children.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haisheng Hu, Huimin Huang, Chenxi Liao, Aoli Li, Teng Zhang, Xueqing Liang, Baoqing Sun
Summary: This study aims to reduce the cost of allergen testing in Guangzhou, China by limiting the number of allergens tested and providing a testing panel for improved efficiency. The study found that in southern Guangzhou, dust mites, milk, German cockroaches, and Alternaria alternata were the main allergens, and suggested using these as a screening panel for allergies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Michelle R. Brajcich, Gabrielle E. Bau, William Tsai, Megan Birkholz, James Gaensbauer
Summary: Over the past decade, efforts to reduce the use of non-evidence-based therapies for viral bronchiolitis have potentially led to unintended consequences for the diagnosis and management of other pediatric lower-respiratory-tract illnesses.
CLINICAL PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Victoria V. Rodinkova, Serhii D. Yuriev, Mariia V. Kryvopustova, Vitalii B. Mokin, Yevhenii M. Kryzhanovskyi, Andrii I. Kurchenko
Summary: This study aimed to determine the pattern of sensitization to molecular components of house dust mites (HDM) in the Ukrainian population and improve treatment strategies. The results showed that simultaneous sensitization to Der f 2 and Der p 2 was the most common, while monosensitization to Der p 23 was the second most common in adults. The population's sensitization profile to HDM in Ukraine is a good prognostic marker for allergen immunotherapy efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Won Seok Lee, Lily Myung-Jin Cha, Man Yong Han, Kyung Suk Lee
Summary: This study investigated the association between allergic sensitization and anaphylactic symptoms and severity in children with anaphylaxis. Results showed that the allergen sensitization status differed according to the age of the children experiencing anaphylaxis, and certain allergen sensitizations were associated with specific symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Allergy
Kirsten M. Kloepfer, Joshua L. Kennedy
Summary: The human microbiome associated with the respiratory tract is diverse, heterogeneous, and dynamic. The interactions between microorganisms, host cells, and the host immune system play a complex role in respiratory diseases. Viral infections can alter the presence of bacterial species, increasing the risk for allergies and asthma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serafina Perrone, Sara Manti, Luca Buttarelli, Chiara Petrolini, Giovanni Boscarino, Laura Filonzi, Eloisa Gitto, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito, Francesco Nonnis Marzano
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a significant burden in neonatal care, and its definition is currently based on treatment rather than diagnostic criteria. BPD is associated with various prenatal and postnatal risk factors, causing distorted lung development and function. Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in BPD development, with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) being an important candidate. This educational review discusses the inflammatory pathways in BPD and highlights the role of VEGFA, providing an overview of current evidence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elena Capra, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the nutrition and metabolic diseases in children and adolescents, leading to an increase in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The accessibility to healthcare services has been limited, resulting in delayed diagnosis and more severe presentation of type 1 diabetes. Further studies are required to investigate these relationships and develop strategies to mitigate the nutritional and metabolic impact in the developmental ages.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina Cenni, Veronica Sesenna, Giulia Boiardi, Marianna Casertano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, has been recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing these disorders, providing a useful overview.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Bossu, Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Susanna Esposito
Summary: According to the latest report from WHO, around 10.0 million people were affected by tuberculosis (TB) in 2020, with 12% being children under 15 years old. Limited knowledge and lack of registered drugs suitable for pediatric use pose challenges in treating multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in children. This review focuses on therapeutic options and prophylactic management of MDR-TB in children.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Danilo Buonsenso, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Claudia De Guido, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This study reviewed the duration of immune memory and risk of reinfection in children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. The evidence suggests that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop long-lasting immunity but have reduced cross-reactivity against the Omicron variant. Vaccination, on the other hand, provides better cross-neutralization against both pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on these findings, it is recommended to offer booster vaccinations to children infected before Omicron and to more vulnerable children infected with Omicron.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Cannalire, Simone Pilloni, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Anna Di Franco, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes play a crucial role in reflecting bone metabolism. ALP increases mineralization and reduces the concentration of an inhibitor of mineral formation. Different isoenzymes of ALP are expressed in different tissues and the bone isoenzyme (B-ALP) is involved in bone turnover. ALP measurements are important in the diagnosis, differentiation, and follow-up of rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Giorgio Cozzi, Aleksandar Sovtic, Davide Garelli, Uros Krivec, Davide Silvagni, Ilaria Corsini, Marco Colombo, Manuela Giangreco, Antonietta Giannattasio, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Marta Minute, Federico Marchetti, Antonio Gatto, Carla Debbia, Anna Jolanda Gortan, Marta Massaro, Elpis Hatziagorou, Domenico Ravida, Raz Diamand, Elizabeth Jones, Jelena Visekruna, Alessandro Zago, Egidio Barbi, Alessandro Amaddeo, Luisa Cortellazzo Wiel
Summary: This study compared the main clinical characteristics of infants with SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis to those with bronchiolitis associated with other viruses. The results showed that infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 required less respiratory support compared to SARS-CoV-2-negative infants. The study found that SARS-CoV-2 rarely causes bronchiolitis in infants and has a mild clinical course.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giulia Segre, Antonio Clavenna, Massimo Cartabia, Maurizio Bonati, NASCITA Working Grp
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of family paediatricians identifying the signs of postpartum depression in parents to ensure child well-being. The results showed that 19.9% of mothers, 6.3% of fathers, and 5% of couples reported depressive symptoms. Maternal postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with diagnosed psychiatric disorders during pregnancy, non-exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, and child sleeping disorders at 3 and 6 months. Being a first-time parent was also a significant predictor of postpartum depression. For fathers, the only significant association was between depressive symptoms and child sleeping disorders at 3 months. Having a likely depressed partner was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in fathers.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Filippo Ghidini, Claudio La Scola, Alberto Berardi, Giacomo Biasucci, Federico Marchetti, Andrea Pasini, Maria Elena Capra, Claudia Castellini, Vera Cioni, Sante Cantatore, Andrea Cella, Francesca Cusenza, Alessandro De Fanti, Elisa Della Casa Muttini, Margherita Di Costanzo, Alessandra Dozza, Claudia Gatti, Cristina Malaventura, Luca Pierantoni, Giovanni Parente, Gabriella Pelusi, Serafina Perrone, Laura Serra, Francesco Torcetta, Enrico Valletta, Gianluca Vergine, Francesco Antodaro, Andrea Bergomi, Jennifer Chiarlolanza, Laura Leoni, Franco Mazzini, Roberto Sacchetti, Agnese Suppiej, Lorenzo Iughetti, Andrea Pession, Mario Lima, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Low-dose continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is commonly used to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, but its efficacy is controversial. This systematic review found that CAP has a limited role in preventing UTI recurrences and complications in children, while also posing a risk of emerging antimicrobial resistances.
Article
Biology
Laura Andreozzi, Chiara Sacchi, Carlotta Biagi, Arianna Dondi, Michelangelo Baldazzi, Filomena Carfagnini, Laura Greco, Donatella Vivacqua, Marcello Lanari
Summary: This article describes three cases of pediatric patients with cervical masses, later diagnosed as ectopic thymic tissue, highlighting the importance of ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of thymus location abnormalities. Ultrasound examination can provide accurate diagnosis and avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.
Article
Pediatrics
Arianna Dondi, Giovanni Battista Biserni, Sara Scarpini, Anna Fetta, Filomena Moscano, Ilaria Corsini, Greta Borelli, Duccio Maria Cordelli, Marcello Lanari
Summary: This study aimed to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of post-traumatic headache (PTH) in children with minor head trauma (MHT). The results showed that PTH was common in children with MHT, and it was influenced by factors such as age, gender, and initial presentation of headache. These findings are important for identifying children at risk for PTH and providing specific follow-up, family counseling, and treatment.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Letizia Paglialonga, Camilla Aurelio, Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This article summarizes the available evidence on the return to play in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a clinical practice algorithm and highlighting priorities for future studies. The severity of COVID-19 and the presence of underlying diseases are criteria for identifying subjects requiring laboratory and radiological tests before returning to physical activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Luca Pierantoni, Valentina Lasala, Arianna Dondi, Marina Cifaldi, Ilaria Corsini, Marcello Lanari, Daniele Zama
Summary: This study explores the management of antibiotic prescription in febrile children with lower respiratory tract infections or community-acquired pneumonia in a pediatric emergency department. The study finds that younger age, higher heart rate, and lower SpO2 are associated with increased risk of hospitalization, and antibiotic prescription is substantially linked with the diagnosis and duration of fever.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
