Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Santoro, Vincenzo Zaccone, Lorenzo Falsetti, Vittorio Ruggieri, Martina Danese, Chiara Miro, Angela Di Giorgio, Antonio Nesci, Alessia D'Alessandro, Gianluca Moroncini, Angelo Santoliquido
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to endothelial dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the virus can also damage the vascular system, leading to endotheliitis and multi-organ injury. Various mechanisms contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, including cell injury, hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, glycocalyx disruption, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis. Patients with long COVID, a systemic disorder following acute-phase infection, may experience a range of cardiovascular complications. This review provides an overview of the molecular patterns of enduring endothelial activation and the latest summary of cardiovascular complications in long COVID.
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Collin J. Catalfamo, Paulina M. Colombo, Sana M. Khan, Erika Austhof, Felina Cordova-Marks, Kacey C. Ernst, Leslie V. Farland, Kristen Pogreba-Brown
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are conditions that occur or remain at least 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pre-existing conditions such as asthma, chronic constipation, reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, seasonal allergies, and depression/anxiety are associated with an increased risk for PASC. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and autoimmune conditions also show significant associations with PASC.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ian Z. Z. Ong, Dennis L. L. Kolson, Matthew K. K. Schindler
Summary: With more and more patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, understanding the long-term neurological consequences of the disease is crucial for their care. The neurological complications, known as NC-PASC, include symptoms such as headaches, brain fog, and numbness/tingling, which many people experience long after the acute infection has resolved. Limited knowledge of disease mechanisms has hindered therapeutic efforts, but emerging reports and reviews aim to address these issues and explore potential clinical interventions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Moritz C. Halfmann, Julian A. Luetkens, Isabel L. Langenbach, Dmitrij Kravchenko, Philip Wenzel, Tilman Emrich, Alexander Isaak
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and extent of cardiac abnormalities in patients referred for cardiac MRI due to clinical evidence of PASC. The majority of patients (57%) showed normal cardiac results, with no active myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction observed. However, 30% of patients had evidence of non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis, suggesting a possible history of myocarditis explaining persistent symptoms in the PASC setting.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Benjamin Harris Peterson Corman, Sritha Rajupet, Fan Ye, Elinor Randi Schoenfeld
Summary: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, over 35% of confirmed or suspected patients develop postacute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC). PASC is a disease for which medical data are still being collected and pathophysiological understanding is limited. Home-based wearable sensors can provide valuable insights into the development and progression of PASC.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Narges Moghimi, Mario Di Napoli, Jose Biller, James E. Siegler, Rahul Shekhar, Louise D. McCullough, Michelle S. Harkins, Emily Hong, Danielle A. Alaouieh, Gelsomina Mansueto, Afshin A. Divani
Summary: Neuro-PASC, a global health challenge following COVID-19 infection, presents with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms such as viral invasion and immune dysregulation. Comprehensive treatment involving rehabilitation, cognitive therapy, and medications is essential for affected individuals, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and effective intervention.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nikhil Ram-Mohan, David Kim, Angela J. Rogers, Catherine A. Blish, Kari C. Nadeau, Andra L. Blomkalns, Samuel Yang
Summary: Determinants of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 are not known. This study found that the presence of viral RNA in blood (RNAemia) at presentation successfully predicted the occurrence of post-acute symptoms, independent of patient demographics, disease severity, and length of symptoms.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chen Chen, Sairam Parthasarathy, Jacqueline M. Leung, Michelle J. Wu, Katherine A. Drake, Vanessa K. Ridaura, Howard C. Zisser, William A. Conrad, Victor F. Tapson, James N. Moy, Christopher R. Defilippi, Ivan O. Rosas, Bellur S. Prabhakar, Mujeeb Basit, Mirella Salvatore, Jerry A. Krishnan, Charles C. Kim
Summary: A longitudinal assessment of symptoms in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed three different phenotypic clusters of Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC): remittent, persistent, and incident. The incident phenotype was characterized by the absence of symptoms during acute illness and had a higher proportion of participants with PASC. The administration of systemic corticosteroids during acute infection was associated with PASC at 3 months.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Federico Minen, Christopher Hands, Muhammad R. Mustafa, Alison Pienaar, Jon Lillie
Summary: Both adults with COVID-19 and children with MIS-C have been associated with thrombotic complications. However, MIS-C patients receiving ECMO therapy with high-dose heparin infusions also commonly experience thrombotic events. Therefore, the thrombotic risk in MIS-C patients should be considered when optimizing anticoagulation therapy on ECMO.
Review
Immunology
Matthew G. Frank, Monika Fleshner, Steven F. Maier
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a range of neurologic and neuro-psychiatric symptoms during and after the infection. Neuroinflammation is believed to be a key factor in the development of these symptoms. This review explores an alternative mechanism in which structural proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 virions function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to elicit proinflammatory immune responses in the periphery and/or brain via Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) inflammatory pathways. These effects may contribute to the neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tanayott Thaweethai, Sarah E. Jolley, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Emily B. Levitan, Bruce Levy, Grace A. McComsey, Lisa McCorkell, Girish N. Nadkarni, Sairam Parthasarathy, Upinder Singh, Tiffany A. Walker, Caitlin A. Selvaggi, Daniel J. Shinnick, Carolin C. M. Schulte, Rachel Atchley-Challenner, Leora I. Horwitz, Andrea S. Foulkes
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, known as postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID. This study developed a definition of PASC based on self-reported symptoms and described the frequencies of PASC across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ivan Chun Hang Lam, Carlos King Ho Wong, Ran Zhang, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Xue Li, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Hao Luo, Qingpeng Zhang, Kenneth Keng Cheung Man, Bernard Man Yung Cheung, Sydney Chi Wai Tang, Chak Sing Lau, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Ian Chi Kei Wong
Summary: This study used electronic healthcare records from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HKHA) and the UK Biobank (UKB) databases to track COVID-19 patients aged 18 and above between April 1st 2020 and May 31st 2022. The results showed that COVID-19 patients may experience post-acute sequelae such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and deep vein thrombosis. They also have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality during this post-acute phase.
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan D. Herman, Caroline Atyeo, Yonatan Zur, Claire E. Cook, Naomi J. Patel, Kathleen M. Vanni, Emily N. Kowalski, Grace Qian, Shruthi Srivatsan, Nancy A. Shadick, Deepak A. Rao, Benjamin Kellman, Colin J. Mann, Douglas Lauffenburger, Zachary S. Wallace, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Galit Alter
Summary: Alterations in humoral immunity, including weaker binding of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and stronger binding of antibodies against endemic coronavirus OC43, were observed in individuals with PASC. Previous coronavirus imprinting may serve as a potential marker for the development of PASC.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bruce K. Patterson, Edgar B. Francisco, Ram Yogendra, Emily Long, Amruta Pise, Hallison Rodrigues, Eric Hall, Monica Herrera, Purvi Parikh, Jose Guevara-Coto, Timothy J. Triche, Paul Scott, Saboor Hekmati, Dennis Maglinte, Xaiolan Chang, Rodrigo A. Mora-Rodriguez, Javier Mora
Summary: The recent study found that patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) had significantly elevated levels of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, and these cells contained SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein up to 15 months after infection. However, fragmented SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in PASC patients with no full-length sequences identified. This suggests that non-classical monocytes may play a role in the inflammation seen in PASC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dinah Parums
Summary: Most studies on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been retrospective and lacked an unin-fected comparison group, leading to inconsistent estimates of prevalence. Understanding the range and complex interactions between the long-term effects of COVID-19 is crucial before effective prevention or management strategies can be developed. The term "long COVID" is too simplistic and should be replaced with "post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)" which better represents the variety of long-term effects.
MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankit Hanmandlu, Lisha Zhu, Tinne C. J. Mertens, Scott Collum, Weizhen Bi, Feng Xiong, Ruoyu Wang, Rajarajan T. Amirthalingam, Dewei Ren, Leng Han, Soma S. S. K. Jyothula, Wenbo Li, W. Jim Zheng, Harry Karmouty-Quintana
Summary: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease associated with fibroblast expansion and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. This study identified genetic differences between IPF fibroblasts and healthy fibroblasts, and discovered important genes and pathways related to IPF. Modulation of chromatin accessibility may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Nancy Wareing, Vishnu Mohan, Rana Taherian, Elizabeth R. R. Volkmann, Marka A. A. Lyons, Holly Wilhalme, Michael D. D. Roth, Rosa M. M. Estrada-y-Martin, Brian Skaug, Maureen D. D. Mayes, Donald P. P. Tashkin, Shervin Assassi
Summary: Blood neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are predictive of disease severity and mortality in systemic sclerosis.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cory Wilson, Tinne C. J. Mertens, Pooja Shivshankar, Weizen Bi, Scott D. Collum, Nancy Wareing, Junsuk Ko, Tingting Weng, Ram P. Naikawadi, Paul J. Wolters, Pascal Maire, Soma S. K. Jyothula, Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan, Dewei Ren, Nathan D. Elrod, Eric J. Wagner, Howard J. Huang, Burton F. Dickey, Heide L. Ford, Harry Karmouty-Quintana
Summary: The transcription factor SIX1 is found to play a crucial role in pulmonary fibrosis, and its overexpression may contribute to the development of fibrosis. SIX1 binds to the MIF promoter, regulating the expression of MIF and participating in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victor Tseng, Scott Collum, Ayed Allawzi, Kathryn Crotty, Samantha Yeligar, Aaron Trammell, M. Ryan Smith, Bum-Yong Kang, Roy L. Sutliff, Jennifer L. Ingram, Soma S. S. K. Jyothula, Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan, Howard J. Huang, Eva S. Nozik, Eric J. Wagner, C. Michael Hart, Harry Karmouty-Quintana
Summary: This study identifies a novel mechanism of hyaluronan (HA) hyper-synthesis and reveals its effects on pulmonary vascular cell metabolism and remodeling. Modulating the expression of HA synthase-2 (HAS2) can improve experimental models of pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Sandeep Patri, Bindu Akkanti, Soma S. Jyothula, Manish K. Patel
Article
Immunology
Hana Javaid, Masayuki Nigo, Bihong Zhao, Daniel Ocazionez Trujillo, Rodrigo Hasbun, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Manish Patel, Soma Jyothula
Summary: In this retrospective study, we found that five out of six lung transplant recipients showed excellent long-term outcomes after COVID-19 lung transplantation, with minimal to no post-transplant infectious complications despite significant infectious complications before transplantation.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kenji Okumura, Soma Jyothula, Thomas Kaleekal, Abhay Dhand
Summary: The characteristics and outcomes of lung transplant recipients with COVID-19-associated end-stage lung disease were analyzed. The study found that COVID-19 patients had longer hospital stays after transplant, but one-year patient survival was similar to non-COVID-19 recipients. However, COVID-19 remained one of the most common causes of death during the immediate post-transplant period.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Soma S. S. K. Jyothula, Jayeshkumar Patel, Abhay Dhand
TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nauman A. Khan, Bharat S. Bhandari, Soma Jyothula, Daniel Ocazionez, Jamie Buryanek, Pushan P. Jani
Summary: This article describes four distinct manifestations of amyloidosis involving the lung and reviews their clinical, radiological, and pathological features, as well as the evidence for treatment in each presentation.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Khushboo Goel, Nicholas Egersdorf, Amar Gill, Danting Cao, Scott D. Collum, Soma S. Jyothula, Howard J. Huang, Maor Sauler, Patty J. Lee, Susan Majka, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Irina Petrache
Summary: This study investigated the remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels in COPD-PH patients and found that remodeling of small and microvascular pulmonary blood vessels is associated with the development of COPD and COPD-PH. Decreased expression of miR126 and reciprocal increase in ADAM9 may regulate endothelial cell survival and vascular remodeling in COPD and COPD-PH.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Nancy Wareing, Xuan Wang, Lynette Keyes-Elstein, Ellen Goldmuntz, Marka Lyons, Peter McSweeney, Daniel Furst, Richard Nash, Leslie Crofford, Beverly Welch, Ashley Pinckney, Maureen Mayes, Keith Sullivan, Shervin Assassi
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
H. Javaid, R. Hasbun, A. DeGolovine, S. Jyothula, V. Machicao, J. Bynon, L. Ostrosky, M. Nigo
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
A. M. Peters, S. Collum, B. Zhao, P. Shivshankar, W. Bi, L. M. Buja, R. A. Thandavarayan, H. J. Huang, X. Yuan, H. K. Eltzschig, I. O. Rosas, F. Poli de Frias, B. Akkanti, S. Jyothula, H. Karmouty-Quintana
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)