Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management

Among various diseases in humans, diabetes is one of the most complicated disorders resulting either from the malfunctioning of beta cells, causing a poor discharge of insulin from them, or poor functioning of the liberated insulin. A wide array of chemical compounds so-called secondary metabolites are present in plants. These phytochemicals are produced as by-products of metabolism and play a key role in plant protection. However, in humans, they offer several beneficial functions. Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals and apart from fruits, they are also found in their major wastes mainly including the peel, pomace, and seed. The current review is aimed to focus on the potential sources, distribution, and extraction/isolation of polyphenols from major fruit wastes along with highlighting their medicinal and therapeutic benefits, especially in the management of diabetes.

Automated summary

Among various diseases in humans, diabetes is a complicated disorder caused by the malfunctioning of beta cells or insulin functioning. Plants contain secondary metabolites, called phytochemicals, which play a key role in plant protection and offer beneficial functions in humans. Polyphenols, an important class of phytochemicals, can be found in fruits and their major wastes. This review focuses on the potential sources, distribution, and extraction/isolation of polyphenols from major fruit wastes, highlighting their medicinal and therapeutic benefits, especially in the management of diabetes.