Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tianbai Xiao, Martin Frank
Summary: Studying the emergence, propagation, and evolution of randomness in plasma system presents great opportunities and challenges. A physics-oriented stochastic kinetic scheme has been developed, incorporating random inputs from both flow and electromagnetic fields, to provide reliable numerical solutions.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Physics, Applied
Yarin Gal, Petros Koumoutsakos, Francois Lanusse, Gilles Louppe, Costas Papadimitriou
Summary: Five researchers discuss the quantification of uncertainty in machine-learned models, focusing on issues relevant to physics problems. It is crucial to be able to measure uncertainty when comparing theoretical or computational models with observations in order to conduct sound scientific investigations. With the increasing popularity of data-driven modeling, understanding different sources of uncertainty and developing methods to estimate them has become a renewed area of interest.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Alex Alberts, Ilias Bilionis
Summary: Data-driven approaches combined with physical knowledge are powerful techniques for modeling engineering systems. The objective is to efficiently solve for the underlying physical field by combining measurements with known physical laws. To handle the uncertainties arising from unknown elements, such as missing parameters, noisy measurements, or incomplete physical laws, information field theory (IFT) is extended to physics-informed information field theory (PIFT) by incorporating functional priors based on the physical laws. The method remains independent of any specific numerical scheme and can capture multiple modes, allowing for the solution of ill-posed problems.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
D. P. Coster
Summary: Atomic physics rates are crucial for understanding the edge plasma, but their uncertainty plays a lesser role in simulations compared to the uncertainty in upstream boundary conditions.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Canberk Ekmekci, Mujdat Cetin
Summary: This article proposes a learning-based image reconstruction framework that incorporates the observation model into the reconstruction task and quantifies uncertainties based on deep unrolling and Bayesian neural networks. The framework demonstrates the ability to characterize uncertainties in magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography reconstruction problems. The research motivates future exploration of utilizing uncertainty information to develop more accurate and robust image reconstruction methods for imaging problems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Keno Juechems, Jan Balaguer, Bernhard Spitzer, Christopher Summerfield
Summary: When making economic choices, humans may distort their internal representation of the value and probability of a prospect, but under the assumption of finite computational precision, these distortions may be approximately optimal, helping to maximize reward and minimize uncertainty. Two empirical studies show that humans can adapt optimally to factors that change the reward-maximizing form of distortion, providing an answer to the question of why humans make irrational economic choices.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Cao
Summary: An unusual measurement from a nuclear reactor led to a three-year hunt for the elusive sterile neutrino. The search definitively proves that sterile neutrinos do not exist, yet the anomaly continues to persist.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Eduardo Souza de Cursi
Summary: This study examines the applicability of Uncertainty Quantification in Game Theory, focusing on classical games like matching pennies and Hawk and Dove. Through observations and statistical estimations, methods of UQ are applied to analyze uncertainties in game situations and their effects on replicator dynamics.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Pablo Giuliani, Kyle Godbey, Edgard Bonilla, Frederi Viens, Jorge Piekarewicz
Summary: A covariant energy density functional is calibrated using a Bayesian statistical framework informed by experimental data. A reduced basis method (RBM) is used to emulate the high-fidelity model and significantly speed up calculations. The RBM model provides reliable predictions with properly quantified uncertainties.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Zihan Wang, Mohamad Daeipour, Hongyi Xu
Summary: This paper proposes a new methodology to quantify and propagate aleatoric uncertainties distributed in complex topological structures. It introduces a random field-based uncertainty representation approach that captures the topological characteristics using the shortest interior path distance. Parameterization methods and non-intrusive uncertainties propagation methods are employed to propagate the uncertainties. Engineering case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Jie Chen, Yang Yu, Yongming Liu
Summary: This paper presents a Physics-guided Mixture Density Network (PgMDN) model for uncertainty quantification in regression-type analysis. The model combines a Mixture Density Network with physics knowledge as regularizations, allowing it to handle various types of data distributions and reduce overfitting by using constraints. The effectiveness of incorporating physics knowledge, the improvement of the dynamic penalty function method, and the benefits of the distribution mixture compared to a single Gaussian distribution are demonstrated through numerical examples and engineering problems.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jason Detwiler
Summary: This article discusses the use of a cubic metre of tellurium held at cryogenic temperatures over many years to search for matter created in a rare nuclear process. The achievement paves the way for stabilizing other complex systems at low temperatures.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Valerio Freschi, Emanuele Lattanzi
Summary: The study investigates the impact of uniform sampling on reducing computational requirements, regression quality, and uncertainty quantification, confirming the viability of sampling-based approaches to overcome computational bottlenecks without significantly affecting the quality of predictions.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. A. Sturrock
Summary: Analysis of various experiments provides evidence of variability in solar-neutrino-flux measurements and oscillations that could be related to solar rotation. This suggests that the Sun may have formed through multiple stages of condensation, resulting in different layers of the solar interior with different metallicities, rotation rates, and axes. Additionally, neutrinos may influence the direction of emission of decay products through collective processes.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Elizabeth L. MacConnachie, David R. Novog
Summary: Neutron flux measurements in research reactors are important for code validation and optimization. Through validation studies and data processing, it is found that burnup effects have minimal impact on neutron flux uncertainty, compared to other sources of uncertainty.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Raghu Bollapragada, Matt Menickelly, Witold Nazarewicz, Jared O'Neal, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Stefan M. Wild
Summary: This paper discusses the calibration of a computationally expensive nuclear physics model, focusing on the performance of optimization-based training algorithms when training data and concurrent model evaluations are limited. Using the Fayans energy density functional model as a case study, considerations for tuning in different computational settings are analyzed and illustrated.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S. Kaufmann, S. Bacca, C. Barbieri, J. Billowes, M. L. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, T. Duguet, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, W. Gins, C. Gorges, G. Hagen, H. Heylen, J. D. Holt, G. R. Jansen, A. Kanellakopoulos, M. Kortelainen, T. Miyagi, P. Navratil, W. Nazarewicz, R. Neugart, G. Neyens, W. Noertershauser, S. J. Novario, T. Papenbrock, T. Ratajczyk, P. G. Reinhard, L. Rodriguez, R. Sanchez, S. Sailer, A. Schwenk, J. Simonis, V Soma, S. R. Stroberg, L. Wehner, C. Wraith, L. Xie, Z. Y. Xu, X. F. Yang, D. T. Yordanov
Summary: Collinear laser spectroscopy was used to study the nuclear charge radii of nickel isotopes. Three ab initio methods were compared, with agreement in differential radii but only the NNLOsat method showing consistent absolute radii. The Skyrme functional SV-min was found to match experimental results more closely in nuclear density functional theory.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Serdar Elhatisari, Timo A. Lahde, Dean Lee, Ulf-G Meissner, Thomas Vonk
Summary: We investigate the phase shifts of low-energy alpha-alpha scattering under variations of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. We find that positive shifts in the pion mass have a small effect on the S-wave phase shift, whereas lowering the pion mass adds some repulsion in the two-alpha system. Variations of the fine-structure constant have almost no effect on the low-energy alpha-alpha phase shifts. We further show that variations of these phase shifts with respect to the QCD theta-angle can be expressed in terms of the theta-dependent pion mass.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mengzhi Chen, Tong Li, Bastian Schuetrumpf, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Witold Nazarewicz
Summary: The HFBFFT solver, based on Sky3D code, is developed to study the weakly bound nuclei affected by the quasiparticle continuum space. It solves the underlying equations directly in the canonical basis using fast Fourier transform, and implements measures like soft energy cutoff and pairing annealing to address the problems encountered in the pairing collapse. The accuracy and performance of HFBFFT have been tested and compared with other HFB codes for various nuclei.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Bing-Nan Lu, Ning Li, Serdar Elhatisari, Yuan-Zhuo Ma, Dean Lee, Ulf-G Meissner
Summary: We present a new method for computing perturbative corrections in projection QMC calculations and demonstrate it by computing nuclear ground state energies for a realistic chiral interaction. In contrast to the natural ordering, we find remarkably large second-order energy corrections.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Sommer, Kristian Konig, Dominic M. Rossi, Nathan Everett, David Garand, Ruben P. de Groote, Jason D. Holt, Phillip Imgram, Anthony Incorvati, Colton Kalman, Andrew Klose, Jeremy Lantis, Yuan Liu, Andrew J. Miller, Kei Minamisono, Takayuki Miyagi, Witold Nazarewicz, Wilfried Noertershaeuser, Skyy V. Pineda, Robert Powel, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Laura Renth, Elisa Romero-Romero, Robert Roth, Achim Schwenk, Chandana Sumithrarachchi, Andrea Teigelhofer
Summary: Nuclear charge radii of Ni-55;56 were measured using collinear laser spectroscopy, and it was found that the trend of charge radii across shell closures is similar to that of calcium. The study also revealed the impact of M1 excitations between spin-orbit partners.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Amber Boehnlein, Markus Diefenthaler, Nobuo Sato, Malachi Schram, Veronique Ziegler, Cristiano Fanelli, Morten Hjorth-Jensen, Tanja Horn, Michelle P. Kuchera, Dean Lee, Witold Nazarewicz, Peter Ostroumov, Kostas Orginos, Alan Poon, Xin-Nian Wang, Alexander Scheinker, Michael S. Smith, Long-Gang Pang
Summary: The advances in machine learning methods have broadened their applicability in scientific research, including nuclear physics, which has been greatly transformed by these techniques.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Xavier Roca-Maza, Witold Nazarewicz
Summary: The recent experimental determination of the parity violating asymmetry APV in 48Ca and 208Pb at Jefferson Lab is important for understanding the arrangement of neutrons and protons inside atomic nuclei. To assess the impact of these measurements, a rigorous theoretical investigation and evaluation of associated uncertainties were conducted. The study concluded that accurate description of APV in 48Ca and 208Pb cannot be achieved by their models.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shihang Shen, Serdar Elhatisari, Timo A. Laehde, Dean Lee, Bing-Nan Lu, Ulf-G. Meissner
Summary: The carbon atom is the backbone of organic chemistry and has a complex nucleus in its predominant isotope, C-12. In this study, a model-independent density map of the nuclear states of C-12 is provided using nuclear lattice effective field theory. The well-known Hoyle state is found to have a bent-arm or obtuse triangular arrangement of alpha clusters. All low-lying nuclear states of C-12 are identified as having an intrinsic shape composed of three alpha clusters forming either an equilateral triangle or an obtuse triangle.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
V Cirigliano, Z. Davoudi, J. Engel, R. J. Furnstahl, G. Hagen, U. Heinz, H. Hergert, M. Horoi, C. W. Johnson, A. Lovato, E. Mereghetti, W. Nazarewicz, A. Nicholson, T. Papenbrock, S. Pastore, M. Plumlee, D. R. Phillips, P. E. Shanahan, S. R. Stroberg, F. Viens, A. Walker-Loud, K. A. Wendt, S. M. Wild
Summary: This article presents the results of a study on the calculation of nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double-beta decay. It discusses recent progress, uncertainty quantification, and future plans to provide accurate and precise matrix elements.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Fabian Hildenbrand, Serdar Elhatisari, Timo A. Laehde, Dean Lee, Ulf-G Meissner
Summary: We develop the impurity lattice Monte Carlo formalism for the case of two distinguishable impurities in a bath of polarized fermions. The method is applied to non-relativistic three-dimensional systems, studying the formation and disintegration of bound states in the presence of attractive impurity-majority interactions and varying impurity-impurity interaction strength.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Witold Nazarewicz
Summary: In this study, the impact of local shell effects on the statistical correlations between quadrupole deformations and charge radii in Er, Yb, and Hf isotopes is investigated. The results show that the correlations between nuclear deformations and charge radii are affected by the underlying shell structure, and the correlation range is rather short even for well deformed nuclei.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Paul-Gerhard Reinhard, Witold Nazarewicz
Summary: Differences in charge radii of mirror nuclei are suggested to contain information on the slope of the symmetry energy. However, statistical correlation analysis shows that the difference in charge radii, Delta R-ch(mir), is an inferior indicator compared to other observables such as neutron skin or electric dipole polarizability. The presence of pairing correlations and low-lying proton continuum affects Delta R-ch(mir). Therefore, the precise data on mirror charge radii cannot provide a stringent constraint on the slope of the symmetry energy L.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Markus Kortelainen, Zhonghao Sun, Gaute Hagen, Witold Nazarewicz, Thomas Papenbrock, Paul-Gerhard Reinhard
Summary: The radii of nuclear charge distributions provide information about the forces inside the atomic nucleus. The global behavior of nuclear charge radii is determined by nuclear matter properties, while the local trends are influenced by the motion of protons and neutrons. By analyzing even-even nuclei from calcium to zinc, two advanced theories based on nuclear interactions reveal a universal pattern and demonstrate the impact of nuclear properties and shell structure on the differential charge radii.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Jhilam Sadhukhan, Samuel A. Giuliani, Witold Nazarewicz
Summary: This paper introduces a global modeling approach to fission fragment distributions and investigates the effects of odd-even staggering in charge yields and neutron evaporation. The results show that this approach can accurately predict the mass and charge yields of fissioning nuclei, including the odd-even staggering. The method also successfully describes the isotopic yields and provides insights into the fragment distributions of neutron-rich and superheavy systems.
