Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melona C. Deguma, Jabin J. Deguma
Summary: The pandemic caused a regressive effect on the global economy, leading to a 'de-globalized' process that has negatively impacted industries reliant on tourism, urban passenger transport services, and civil aviation. Urgent measures are needed to support vulnerable industries that are not resilient to the pandemic in order to aid economic recovery. The issue of falsifying Covid-19 diagnostic testing certification poses a significant problem in terms of ethics and economics, especially with the start of vaccination programs against Covid-19. This paper argues that collective efforts from everyone could lead to a new normal world that is immune to viruses and unethical behaviors.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Ines Colmegna, Michael Libman
Summary: Regarding vaccination in individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, the limited evidence available is supplemented by a new guideline that follows a rigorous methodology, offering valuable guidance to healthcare professionals and patients. The majority of recommendations are conditional, emphasizing the need for more research.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kavin M. Patel, Laia Vazquez Guillamet, Lauren Pischel, Mallory K. Ellingson, Azucena Bardaji, Saad B. Omer
Summary: Five successful interventions for improving pertussis vaccination uptake were identified: standing orders, opt-in orders, provider education, on-site vaccination, and interactive patient education. Three major knowledge gaps were identified for future research: lack of studies in low- and middle-income countries, lack of studies targeting midwives and/or home birth, and lack of studies on the process of vaccine communication.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Noel T. Brewer
Summary: Behavioral science provides insights into increasing vaccine uptake through changing thoughts, feelings, and social norms. Directly changing behavior is more reliable in increasing vaccine uptake. Healthcare provider recommendations are the most effective intervention, but the mechanism behind their effectiveness is still unclear.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Giorgio Bogani, Alessandro Ghelardi, Francesco Sopracordevole, Marco Annoni, Andrea Ciavattini, Luca Giannella, Rosa De Vincenzo, Paolo Cattani, Maggiorino Barbero, Paolo Vercellini, Francesco Raspagliesi, Paolo Bonanni, Giovanni Scambia
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause various diseases, including cervical cancer. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have been developed to prevent the spread of HPV and reduce the prevalence of HPV-related diseases. Despite their high efficacy, HPV vaccines are underutilized in Italy, with decreasing coverage rates. Action is needed to improve HPV awareness and education to promote widespread adoption of HPV vaccination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christine Muthoni Karanja-Chege
Summary: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the leading cause of ano-genital cancers globally, with cervical cancer as the top cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Low income countries have inadequate cancer control strategies, and adolescent vaccination programs can help prevent cervical cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Florence Francis-Oliviero, Sandor Bozoki, Andras Micsik, Marie Paule Kieny, Jean-Daniel Lelievre
Summary: This study proposes a transparent, evidence-based framework for defining key research questions to generate evidence towards designing policies and strategies to increase vaccine coverage. Through a multi-criteria decision analysis method, experts and stakeholders prioritized 27 research questions, resulting in a consensus on six top priorities.
Article
Immunology
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic, Vladimir Nikolic, Nevenka Pavlovic, Gorica Maric, Aleksa Jovanovic, Aleksandra Nikolic, Vuk Marusic, Sandra Sipetic Grujicic, Tatjana Pekmezovic
Summary: A panel study conducted in Belgrade, Serbia, assessed the changes in attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine protection and the vaccination uptake. The majority of participants showed positive attitudes towards the vaccine, with 64.4% believing in its protection. However, there was a slight decrease in positive attitudes in the second survey. The study concluded that baseline attitudes can influence vaccination uptake.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Robert Cohen, Federico Martinon-Torres, Inga Posiuniene, Bernd Benninghoff, Kyu-Bin Oh, Dirk Poelaert
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused healthcare systems to be overwhelmed, making it crucial to prioritize high levels of pediatric vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases like rotavirus gastroenteritis. Evidence shows that currently available rotavirus vaccines in Europe are highly effective, reducing hospitalizations and deaths. Additionally, there is no overall increase in intussusception and may even be a reduction in cases with high rotavirus vaccine coverage in the first year of life.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Paolo Bonanni, Francesca Ceddia, Rachel Dawson
Summary: The heightened risk of infection and complexities of preventing disease in immunocompromised individuals are at the forefront of public health strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the increased vulnerability and susceptibility to serious outcomes in this population. This article summarizes key findings from the previous articles of this supplement, highlighting current vaccination challenges for at-risk immunocompromised groups and exploring solutions to ensure protection against COVID-19 for these vulnerable populations.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
V. Higham, N. D. S. Deal, Y. K. Chan, C. Chanin, E. Davine, G. Gibbings, R. Keating, M. Kennedy, N. Reilly, T. Symons, K. Vran, D. G. Chapple
Summary: Traffic noise causes an increase in call pitch of brown tree frogs in urban environments, even at distances of 200-300 m from the road. However, larger chorus sizes of the frogs were associated with decreased call pitch in response to traffic noise. This study demonstrates the significant impact of anthropogenic noise on urban frog populations.
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew B. Trotter, Elizabeth K. Abbott, Rebecca Coyle, Angela K. Shen
Summary: Immunization information systems (IISs) are crucial in overseeing and coordinating COVID-19 vaccination efforts, ensuring adequate vaccination coverage for targeted populations and geographic areas.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathaniel Hupert, Daniela Marin-Hernandez, Bo Gao, Ricardo Aguas, Douglas F. Nixon
Summary: COVID-19 remains a global health threat, and non-COVID-19 vaccines may have nonspecific effects that enhance population immunity and provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mathematical modeling suggests that heterologous vaccine interventions could reduce the spread and mortality of COVID-19, and these findings may be applicable to future viral pandemics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Niklas Dyrby Johansen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ankeet S. Bhatt, Simin Gharib Lee, Daniel Modin, Brian L. Claggett, Erica L. Dueger, Sandrine Samson, Matthew M. Loiacono, Lars Kober, Scott Solomon, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Jens Ulrik Staehr Jensen, Cyril Jean-Marie Martel, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sorensen
Summary: This study investigated whether behavioural nudges delivered via a governmental electronic letter system could increase influenza vaccination uptake among older adults in Denmark. The results showed that sending an electronic letter highlighting potential cardiovascular benefits of vaccination or sending repeated letters at randomisation and at day 14 significantly improved vaccination rates.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Beatrix Oroszi, Attila Juhasz, Csilla Nagy, Judit Krisztina Horvath, Krisztina Eszter Komlos, Gergo Turi, Martin McKee, Roza Adany
Summary: The success of the vaccine program in reducing COVID-19 mortality in Hungary was compromised due to difficulties in reaching residents in deprived areas.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Jan K. Woike, Ralph Hertwig, Gerd Gigerenzer
Summary: This study aimed to test two competing theoretical views on how people infer the Bayesian posterior probability: single-process theories and toolbox theories. Through analyzing data from a large number of participants, little support was found for the tested single-process theories. However, simulations showed that a single process, the weighing-and-adding model, could best fit the aggregate data and achieve the best out-of-sample prediction. Testing five non-Bayesian rules plus Bayes's rule, a toolbox was found to capture 64% of the inferences.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karl Maeki, Linda Karlsson, Johanna Kaakinen, Philipp Schmid, Stephan Lewandowsky, Jan Antfolk, Anna Soveri
Summary: According to two studies, individually tailored vaccine hesitancy interventions based on people's format preference may not be effective in decreasing vaccine hesitancy. Regardless of whether individuals received interventions in their preferred format, it did not influence their vaccine attitudes or intentions. Furthermore, individuals with a stronger preference for anecdotal information found both statistical and anecdotal interventions more frustrating, less relevant, and less helpful. However, the reactions to statistical interventions were consistently less negative than anecdotal interventions, suggesting that using statistics-only interventions may be a less risky option when targeting individuals with anti-vaccination attitudes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia Kozyreva, Stefan M. Herzog, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Mark Leiser, Jason Reifler
Summary: In online content moderation, protecting freedom of expression and preventing harm are conflicting values. Little is known about people's judgments and preferences in content moderation. We conducted a survey experiment with US respondents to understand their attitudes towards problematic social media posts on various topics. The majority prioritize removing harmful misinformation over protecting free speech. Partisan differences were observed, with Republicans being less willing to remove posts or penalize accounts across all scenarios. Our findings can inform the design of transparent content moderation rules for harmful misinformation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Communication
Dawn Holford, Angelo Fasce, Katy Tapper, Miso Demko, Stephan Lewandowsky, Ulrike Hahn, Christoph M. Abels, Ahmed Al-Rawi, Sameer Alladin, T. Sonia Boender, Hendrik Bruns, Helen Fischer, Christian Gilde, Paul H. P. Hanel, Stefan M. Herzog, Astrid Kause, Sune Lehmann, Matthew S. Nurse, Caroline Orr, Niccolo Pescetelli, Maria Petrescu, Sunita Sah, Philipp Schmid, Miroslav Sirota, Marlene Wulf
Summary: A new program of science communication as collective intelligence is needed, supported by technology, to ensure more accurate, comprehensive, flexible, and diverse scientific messages.
SCIENCE COMMUNICATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amanda Garrison, Linda Karlsson, Lisa Fressard, Angelo Fasce, Fernanda Rodrigues, Philipp Schmid, Frederike Taubert, Dawn Holford, Stephan Lewandowsky, Peter Nynaes, Emma C. Anderson, Arnaud Gagneur, Eve Dube, Anna Soveri, Pierre Verger
Summary: The purpose of this study was to validate the long and short versions of the International Professionals' Vaccine Confidence and Behaviors questionnaire among healthcare professionals in European countries. The study found that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity among healthcare professionals in four European countries. This is important for research and public health work.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dawn L. Holford, Angelo Fasce, Thomas H. Costello, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments online poses a threat to immunization programs. Communicators need to understand the motivations behind these views and consider psychological attributes that lead to vaccine hesitancy. Results from a study in the UK showed that endorsement of anti-vaccination arguments is related to anti-scientific beliefs and partisan ideologies, with individual differences in attitude balance. Communicators should be aware of these differences to effectively address vaccine hesitancy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Angelo Fasce, Linda Karlsson, Pierre Verger, Otto Maeki, Frederike Taubert, Amanda Garrison, Philipp Schmid, Dawn Liu Holford, Stephan Lewandowsky, Fernanda Rodrigues, Cornelia Betsch, Anna Soveri
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and vaccination attitudes and behaviors among healthcare professionals in four European countries. The results showed that CAM endorsement is associated with lower frequency of vaccine recommendation, lower self-vaccination rates, and being more open to patients delaying vaccination, mediated by distrust in vaccines. A significant percentage of healthcare professionals exhibited high CAM endorsement and low confidence and recommendation of vaccines, varying across countries. These findings highlight the importance of considering healthcare professionals' attitudes toward CAM in immunization campaigns.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Angelo Fasce, Philipp Schmid, Dawn L. Holford, Luke Bates, Iryna Gurevych, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: This article presents a taxonomy linking anti-vaccination arguments to their psychological roots, developed through a systematic literature review and natural language processing methods. The taxonomy provides a theoretical framework for understanding the underlying motives behind opposition to vaccines, enabling targeted rebuttals and interventions. Validation was performed on anti-vaccination misinformation related to coronavirus disease 2019.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Miroslav Sirota, Marie Juanchich, Dawn L. Holford
Summary: Why do people sometimes fail to correct their reasoning errors? The dominant dual-process theories of reasoning explain how people detect their reasoning errors, but they do not provide sufficient explanation for how people decide to correct these errors. Through research on cognitive control, we have explored the motivational aspects of the correction process. We argue that people decide whether or not to correct an error based on the overall expected value associated with the correction, taking into consideration the perceived efficacy, reward, and effort cost.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stephan Lewandowsky, Ronald E. Robertson, Renee DiResta
Summary: This article examines the interaction between social media platforms, search engines, and human behavior in relation to curated online content. It emphasizes that the interactions people have with algorithms not only shape their experiences in the moment but also have long-term effects through modifications of the underlying social-network structure. However, understanding these interactions is challenging due to the lack of access to relevant platform data for researchers. The article argues that increased transparency, data sharing, and protections for external researchers are necessary to better understand the entanglement between humans and algorithms.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dawn Holford, Gianluca Tognon, Valerie Gladwell, Kelly Murray, Mark Nicoll, Angela Knox, Rachel McCloy, Vanessa Loaiza
Summary: With the increasing prevalence of home working, employers face challenges in providing health promotion interventions. This study shows that incorporating action planning can increase employee engagement with web-based self-help resources. Participants reported that the plan helped them to easily engage with the resources and fit exercises and meals around work tasks. However, lack of time and concerns about colleagues' perceptions were barriers to resource uptake.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Paul de Raeve, Andreas Xyrichis, Francesco Bolzonella, Jochen Bergs, Patricia M. Davidson
Summary: The European Federation of Nurses (EFN) conducted a mapping exercise on the challenges and solutions related to violence against nurses. The results revealed that violent incidents against nurses are often under-reported due to various reasons such as fear of victimization and discouragement from employers. The perpetrators of violence include not only patients and their families but also health professionals of different ranks. Violent incidents have a significant adverse effect on nurses' health and job retention.
POLICY POLITICS & NURSING PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ralph Hertwig
Summary: Chater & Loewenstein criticize how behavioral sciences and public policy align with corporations to blame public health and societal issues on individual weaknesses, thus diverting attention from systemic reforms. However, their analysis fails to adequately hold the field accountable for its excessive focus on human irrationality and weaknesses.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Ralph Hertwig
Summary: Two concepts of Mill's harm principle and the distinction between public and private spheres should be revisited in today's 'ultra-processed' world, where advanced technologies exploit human psychology and jeopardize citizens' well-being. Systemic interventions like regulation and taxation are necessary to minimize harm, which should be supplemented with interventions informed by behavioral science that guide individual behaviors. Empowering individuals to self-nudge, rather than paternalistic nudging, allows them to design their own decision environments and choice architectures.
BEHAVIOURAL PUBLIC POLICY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Anna Soveri, Linda C. Karlsson, Karl O. Maki, Dawn Holford, Angelo Fasce, Philipp Schmid, Jan Antfolk, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Saara Nolvi, Max Karukivi, Mikael Lindfelt, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: This study investigates the impact of psychological motives on vaccine refusal. The longitudinal studies suggest that individuals with higher trait reactance are less willing to get vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The experimental study shows that highly reactant individuals' willingness to vaccinate is unaffected by the amount and framing of the information provided.
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-HEALTH AND WELL BEING
(2023)
