The regulatory module MdBZR1-MdCOL6 mediates brassinosteroid- and light-regulated anthocyanin synthesis in apple

center dot The anthocyanin content is an important indicator of the nutritional value of most fruits, including apple (Malus domestica). Anthocyanin synthesis is coordinately regulated by light and various phytohormones. In this study on apple, we revealed the antagonistic relationship between light and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways, which is mediated by BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (MdBZR1) and the B-box protein MdCOL6.center dot The exogenous application of brassinolide inhibited the high-light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed apple seedlings, whereas increases in the light intensity decreased the endogenous BR content. The overexpression of MdBZR1 inhibited the anthocyanin synthesis in apple plants. An exposure to a high-light intensity induced the degradation of dephosphorylated MdBZR1, resulting in functional impairment.center dot MdBZR1 was identified as an upstream repressor of MdCOL6, which promotes anthocyanin synthesis in apple plants. Furthermore, MdBZR1 interacts with MdCOL6 to attenuate its ability to activate MdUFGT and MdANS transcription. Thus, MdBZR1 negatively regulates MdCOL6-mediated anthocyanin accumulation.center dot Our study findings have clarified the molecular basis of the integration of light and BR signals during the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, which is an important process influencing fruit quality.

Automated summary

The anthocyanin content is a crucial indicator of the nutritional value of fruits, including apple. This study reveals the antagonistic relationship between light and brassinosteroid signaling pathways in apple, controlled by MdBZR1 and MdCOL6. Understanding the molecular basis of light and BR signal integration in anthocyanin biosynthesis has significant implications for fruit quality regulation.