Article
Microbiology
Dong Xu, Shujie Huang, Xiao Fan, Xiaowen Zhang, Yitao Wang, Wei Wang, John Beardall, Georgina Brennan, Naihao Ye
Summary: Projected ocean acidification (OA) alters seawater chemistry and bio-toxicity of metal ions, but its effect on marine microalgae resilience to metal stress is unclear. This study examines the impact of OA on copper metabolism in Thalassiosira pseudonana. Results show that increased pCO(2) promotes growth and photosynthesis, but decreases copper accumulation and toxicity. The study also reveals alterations in copper detoxification strategies and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities under elevated CO2. These findings provide insight into the bioremediation capacity of marine primary producers under climate change.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuzhen Li, Jialiang Zhou, Qiang Liu, Liqiao Liang, Tao Sun, Xiaofeng Xu, Miao Li, Xuan Wang, Xiaomin Yuan
Summary: This article uses meta-analysis to synthesize data from Chinese coastal salt marshes and analyze the sensitivity of CO2 emissions to climate changes. The study finds that warming has a greater impact on CO2 emissions compared to changes in precipitation. The results also show that changes in precipitation can either suppress or enhance CO2 emissions from coastal wetlands.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Haiyang Yu, Guangbin Zhang, Jing Ma, Tianyu Wang, Kaifu Song, Qiong Huang, Chunwu Zhu, Qian Jiang, Jianguo Zhu, Hua Xu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and different rice cultivars on CH4 and N2O emissions in Chinese subtropical rice systems. The results showed that eCO2 increased rice yield and decreased CH4 and N2O emissions. The strongly responsive cultivars had lower emissions and were associated with higher soil Eh and [O-2] levels.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Salvatore Calabrese, Alicia Garcia, Jared L. Wilmoth, Xinning Zhang, Amilcare Porporato
Summary: This study found that wetlands emit the most methane at a critical level of inundation, with a water level of around 50 cm being the most favorable for methane emissions globally. Keeping the water level away from this critical value could reduce methane emissions in human-made wetlands.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei La, Xiaokun Han, Cong-Qiang Liu, Hu Ding, Mingxuan Liu, Fusheng Sun, Siliang Li, Yunchao Lang
Summary: Coastal wetlands are an important source of methane emissions. This study investigates the factors controlling methane emissions by analyzing the pore-water geochemistry in the Beidagang wetland in Tianjin, China. The results show significant spatial and temporal variability in the geochemical profile, which is influenced by changes in sulfate concentration, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Additionally, sulfate concentration has a strong impact on sulfate reduction pathways and methane consumption.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelly L. Hondula, C. Nathan Jones, Margaret A. Palmer
Summary: Methane emissions from small freshwater ecosystems are a major uncertainty in the global methane budget. The study found that inundation extent and duration, as well as the direction of water level change, are major drivers of methane emissions in seasonally inundated forested wetlands. Modeling the hydrologic regime of these wetlands can lead to more accurate estimation of methane emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicholas B. Waldo, Malak M. Tfaily, Christopher Anderton, Rebecca B. Neumann
Summary: Wetlands host anaerobic microbes that convert organic carbon into methane, with wetland plants influencing microbial processing by exuding carbon from their roots; root exudates trigger microbial priming, increasing processing of high molecular weight molecules and only processing low molecular weight compounds if they contain essential nutrients like nitrogen or sulfur.
Article
Ecology
Vincent Niderkorn, Annette Morvan-Bertrand, Aline Le Morvan, Angela Augusti, Marie-Laure Decau, Catherine Picon-Cochard
Summary: The study aimed to analyze changes in botanical and chemical composition, as well as rumen fermentation characteristics of grassland exposed to climate changes in controlled CO2 concentration and extreme climate events. Results showed that increases in nitrogen content and greenness, along with changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile and botanical composition, led to higher in vitro dry matter degradability in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen ratio appeared as a key factor affecting forage quality, with opposite effects caused by elevated CO2 and extreme climate events.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kelly L. Hondula, Ben DeVries, C. Nathan Jones, Margaret A. Palmer
Summary: This study used satellite imagery and a methane emission model to estimate the surface water extent and diffusive methane fluxes in wetlands, showing that wetlands smaller than 1 hectare were responsible for the majority of emissions. Considering the dynamic inundation of forested wetlands resulted in 49%-62% lower emission totals compared to models using a single estimate for each wetland's size.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniela Castro-Herrera, Katharina Prost, Dong-Gill Kim, Fantaw Yimer, Menfese Tadesse, Mersha Gebrehiwot, Nicolas Brueggemann
Summary: Ecological sanitation combined with thermophilic composting is a viable option for transforming human excreta into a stable, pathogen-free, and nutrient-rich fertilizer. Adding suitable bulking materials and additives such as biochar could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and serve as an effective waste management strategy.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Tao Wang, Zhengmiao Deng, Yonghong Xie, Buqing Wang, Shaoan Wu, Feng Li, Wei Wang, Yeai Zou, Xu Li, Zhiyong Hou, Jing Zeng, Mei Wang, Changhui Peng
Summary: This study demonstrates the impact of flooding frequency on CH4 emissions in a subtropical wetland floodplain. It reveals a time-lag effect of 10 days between flooding and a substantial increase in CH4 emissions, as well as a positive correlation between water depth and CH4 emissions. Increasing inundation frequency and water depth can effectively mitigate CH4 emissions in floodplain wetlands.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Janelle A. Goeke, Anna R. Armitage
Summary: Research shows that mangrove encroachment may have negative consequences for salt marsh basal consumers, leading to altered ecosystem carbon flows.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Judith A. Rosentreter, Alia N. Al-Haj, Robinson W. Fulweiler, Phillip Williamson
Summary: Coastal wetlands play a crucial role as natural 'blue carbon' sinks, but their function may be compromised by methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The fluxes of these greenhouse gases show high variability, leading to uncertainties in global estimates. Further research is needed to quantify these emissions accurately and to understand the factors contributing to the variability in order to effectively utilize coastal blue carbon ecosystems for climate mitigation.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Govind Pradeep, C. S. Shaijumon, R. Rajkumar, Jayadev Pradeep
Summary: India's dairy industry is the largest in the world and contributes significantly to global livestock methane emissions. This study developed a Methane Calculator for the Indian livestock sector and conducted research on emissions from dairy farms in Kerala. The results showed significant variability in methane emissions among the farms, highlighting the importance of bottom-up investigations for understanding and mitigating dairy farm greenhouse gas emissions.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Qiufeng Xu, Jiayu Lu, Feike A. Dijkstra, Liming Yin, Peng Wang, Weixin Cheng
Summary: The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE), which refers to the acceleration or retardation of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition by plant roots, plays a vital role in influencing atmospheric CO2 concentration and regulating the feedback of terrestrial ecosystems to future global change. This study investigated the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) addition on the RPE and found that nitrogen addition could alleviate plant-microbe competition for N under ambient CO2 but not the stronger competition for N under elevated CO2. These findings highlight the significance of the RPE for soil organic carbon decomposition and global carbon cycling.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. L. Vahsen, M. J. Blum, J. P. Megonigal, S. J. Emrich, J. R. Holmquist, B. Stiller, K. E. O. Todd-Brown, J. S. McLachlan
Summary: This study reveals the importance of rapid evolution in forecasting ecosystem dynamics. By incorporating heritable trait variation and evolution into models, predictions of coastal wetland ecosystems were altered, emphasizing the significance of accounting for evolutionary processes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. M. Hopple, K. O. Doro, V. L. Bailey, B. Bond-Lamberty, N. McDowell, K. A. Morris, A. Myers-Pigg, S. C. Pennington, P. Regier, R. Rich, A. Sengupta, R. Smith, J. Stegen, N. D. Ward, S. C. Woodard, J. P. Megonigal
Summary: Coastal upland forests are experiencing widespread mortality due to sea-level rise and changes in precipitation and storm regimes. The loss of these forests has significant implications for the coastal carbon cycle, but predicting the likelihood of mortality is challenging. The TEMPEST experiment addresses this by studying the effects of freshwater and estuarine-water disturbance events on tree function, species composition, and ecosystem processes in a deciduous coastal forest in Maryland, USA.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomas J. Mozdzer, Justin Meschter, Andrew H. Baldwin, Joshua S. Caplan, J. Patrick Megonigal
Summary: Phragmites australis, an invasive species in North American wetlands, has a high demand for nitrogen compared to native species. This study investigated how P. australis meets its nitrogen demand, particularly in systems with low soil nitrogen and limited nitrogen inputs. The research demonstrated that deep rooting allows P. australis to access unused nitrogen pools, satisfying its high nitrogen demand and fueling its invasion. These findings also challenge our understanding of biogeochemical processes in the soil profile.
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Mueller, Thomas J. Mozdzer, J. Adam Langley, Lillian R. Aoki, Genevieve L. Noyce, J. Patrick Megonigal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kendall Valentine, Ellen R. Herbert, David C. Walters, Yaping Chen, Alexander J. Smith, Matthew L. Kirwan
Summary: Ecosystem connectivity increases resilience and function of ecosystems but coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to sea level rise and erosion. The response of individual components of the coastal landscape to sea level rise makes it difficult to predict the integrated coastal carbon sink's response. By coupling a geomorphic model with a carbon accumulation model, it was found that landscape connectivity, carbon accumulation rates, and the size of the coastal carbon stock peak at intermediate sea level rise rates. However, extreme rates of sea level rise compromise landscape carbon storage and marsh extent.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Matthew L. L. Kirwan, J. Patrick Megonigal, Genevieve L. L. Noyce, Alexander J. J. Smith
Summary: Climate change is causing significant changes in the coastal zone, with carbon-rich ecosystems undergoing migration, growth, and submergence. This review analyzes the processes influencing soil carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas emissions, which determine the radiative forcing and size of the coastal carbon sink. Sea level rise can enhance soil carbon accumulation, but it also leads to ecosystem transitions and the loss of existing carbon pools. This study emphasizes the need for further research on the connectivity of carbon between ecosystems and the effects of ecosystem transitions on carbon accumulation and emissions in the coastal landscape.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Alexander J. Smith, Karen McGlathery, Yaping Chen, Carolyn J. Ewers Lewis, Scott C. Doney, Keryn Gedan, Carly K. LaRoche, Peter Berg, Michael L. Pace, Julie C. Zinnert, Matthew L. Kirwan
Summary: Coastal landscapes consist of shifting mosaics of distinct ecosystems, and rapid losses and gains within these ecosystems largely offset each other, resulting in relatively stable areas and increased carbon storage. However, the strength of these compensatory mechanisms may weaken as climate change exacerbates carbon losses.
Article
Plant Sciences
Junyan Ding, Nate McDowell, Yilin Fang, Nicholas Ward, Matthew L. Kirwan, Peter Regier, Patrick Megonigal, Peipei Zhang, Hongxia Zhang, Wenzhi Wang, Weibin Li, Stephanie C. Pennington, Stephanie J. Wilson, Alice Stearns, Vanessa Bailey
Summary: Relative sea level rise is causing the formation of ghost forests, leading to impacts on coastal ecosystems. By incorporating physiological effects of salinity and hypoxia into a vegetation model, researchers have explored the mechanisms of conifer tree mortality on the east and west coasts of the USA. Different patterns of mortality were observed, with carbon starvation dominating on the east coast and hydraulic failure dominating on the west coast due to different forms of seawater exposure.
Article
Plant Sciences
Megan L. Vahsen, Helena S. Kleiner, Haley Kodak, Jennifer L. Summers, Wendy L. Vahsen, Michael J. Blum, J. Patrick Megonigal, Jason S. McLachlan
Summary: Predicting the fate of coastal marshes requires understanding how plants respond to rapid environmental change. Less is known about the potential for responses to reflect the evolution of trait plasticity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. M. Hopple, S. C. Pennington, J. P. Megonigal, V. Bailey, B. Bond-Lamberty
Summary: This study found that upland forest soils are major sources of atmospheric CO2 and sinks for CH4, but the understanding of the contributions of root and microbial processes, as well as their separate responses to environmental change, is limited. The research conducted in a temperate forest in Maryland, USA, showed that root and rhizosphere processes significantly influenced soil CO2 and CH4 flux, with the dependence on soil temperature and water content affecting seasonal dynamics. Episodic moisture change suppressed soil heterotrophs and affected CO2 and CH4 flux responses, while root respiration was not impacted. Methane uptake was strongly influenced by episodic inundation, emphasizing the importance of soil moisture in short-term control. However, temperature and water content were weak predictors of CH4 uptake at a seasonal scale. Long-term CH4 consumption may be determined by factors such as vegetation, nutrients, and microbial communities. This study highlights the different responses of root and microbial sources to seasonal and episodic environmental change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tania L. Maxwell, Andre S. Rovai, Maria Fernanda Adame, Janine B. Adams, Jose Alvarez-Rogel, William E. N. Austin, Kim Beasy, Francesco Boscutti, Michael E. Boettcher, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Richard H. Bulmer, Annette Burden, Shannon A. Burke, Saritta Camacho, Doongar R. Chaudhary, Gail L. Chmura, Margareth Copertino, Grace M. Cott, Christopher Craft, John Day, Carmen B. de los Santos, Lionel Denis, Weixin Ding, Joanna C. Ellison, Carolyn J. Ewers Lewis, Luise Giani, Maria Gispert, Swanne Gontharet, Jose A. Gonzalez-Perez, M. Nazaret Gonzalez-Alcaraz, Connor Gorham, Anna Elizabeth L. Graversen, Anthony Grey, Roberta Guerra, Qiang He, James R. Holmquist, Alice R. Jones, Jose A. Juanes, Brian P. Kelleher, Karen E. Kohfeld, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Anna Lafratta, Paul S. Lavery, Edward A. Laws, Carmen Leiva-Duenas, Pei Sun Loh, Catherine E. Lovelock, Carolyn J. Lundquist, Peter Macreadie, Ines Mazarrasa, J. Patrick Megonigal, Joao M. Neto, Juliana Nogueira, Michael J. Osland, Jordi F. Pages, Nipuni Perera, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Thomas Pollmann, Jacqueline L. Raw, Maria Recio, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez, Sophie K. Russell, John M. Rybczyk, Marek Sammul, Christian Sanders, Rui Santos, Oscar Serrano, Matthias Siewert, Craig Smeaton, Zhaoliang Song, Carmen Trasar-Cepeda, Robert R. Twilley, Marijn Van de Broek, Stefano Vitti, Livia Vittori Antisari, Baptiste Voltz, Christy N. Wails, Raymond D. Ward, Melissa Ward, Jaxine Wolfe, Renmin Yang, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Emily Landis, Lindsey Smart, Mark Spalding, Thomas A. Worthington
Summary: Tidal marshes are significant carbon reservoirs, and a global dataset of soil organic carbon provides valuable information for researchers and policy-makers. The dataset includes geographic locations, soil depths, and organic carbon data, allowing for estimation of organic carbon stocks in tidal marsh soils.