Article
Surgery
Savas Theodore Tsikis, Scott C. Fligor, Jordan D. Secor, Lumeng J. Yu, Amy Pan, Greta Loring, Eric First, Arthur P. Nedder, Robin M. Grammer, Coral Rudie, Kathleen M. Gura, Mark Puder
Summary: This study describes the development of a porcine SBS model that does not require parenteral nutrition support. The model exhibits characteristics such as insufficient weight gain, fat malabsorption, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jasmine Carter, Jeffery Bettag, Sylvia Morfin, Chandrashekhara Manithody, Aakash Nagarapu, Aditya Jain, Hala Nazzal, Sai Prem, Meghan Unes, Matthew McHale, Chien-Jung Lin, Chelsea Hutchinson, Grace Trello, Arti Jain, Edward Portz, Arun Verma, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Daniel Goldenberg, Kento Kurashima
Summary: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition caused by a reduction in the length or functional capacity of the intestine. The gut microbiome plays a significant role in modulating disease progression in SBS patients. The composition and shifts of gut bacteria in SBS and the resulting systemic effects have been extensively studied, revealing the variability and dependence on multiple factors. The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, regulated by the microbiome, known as the gut-brain axis (GBA), also has implications in SBS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Chen, Hua Zhang, Chang-Yue Sun, Qing-Ying He, Rui-Rong Zhang, Bin-Fei Luo, Zi-Hao Zhou, Xiao-Fan Chen
Summary: An animal model that mimics the pathological state of diarrhea symptoms, visceral hypersensitivity, reduced intestinal mucosal barrier permeability, immune regulatory dysfunction, and dysbiosis in IBS-D patients was constructed through restraint stress and chemical stimulation. However, herbs with antibacterial effects such as rhubarb and senna are not suitable for chemical stimulation, as they may alter the intestinal flora imbalance, and restraint stress may be a key factor in modeling.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tao Bai, Zhiyue Xu, Peijun Xia, Yichao Feng, Bing Liu, Hongling Liu, Yunwang Chen, Guangjun Yan, Bin Lv, Zaihong Yan, Ning Dai, Yanqin Long, Wei Wei, Zhihong Shi, Xiaoqing Li, Xiucai Fang, Huibin Gao, Lingzhi Qi, Xiaohua Hou
Summary: This study evaluated the short-term efficacy of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablet in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and explored factors associated with response to probiotics. After 4 weeks of treatment, the response rate in the probiotics group was significantly higher compared to the placebo group. Patients with higher abdominal pain scores were more likely to respond to the probiotics. The probiotics also increased the abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the concentration of SCFAs in feces.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Salma Fourati, Anne Dumay, Maryline Roy, Alexandra Willemetz, Lara Ribeiro-Parenti, Aurelie Mauras, Camille Mayeur, Muriel Thomas, Nathalie Kapel, Francisca Joly, Maude Le Gall, Andre Bado, Johanne Le Beyec
Summary: Extensive intestinal resection leads to Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS), which is the main cause of chronic intestinal failure. Colon preservation is important for spontaneous adaptation, improving absorption and reducing dependence on parenteral nutrition. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a promising approach for pathologies with dysbiosis like SBS, was evaluated in SBS rats with jejuno-colonic anastomosis. The study found that FMT altered microbiota composition and diversity in healthy rats, but not in SBS rats, suggesting the need for optimization and adaptation of microbiota transfer to the specific SBS environment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jie Wu, Liang Lv, Chunlian Wang
Summary: The meta-analysis examined the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and found inconsistent results. FMT administered via colonoscopy or gastroscope may benefit IBS patients and improve their quality of life. However, the quality of evidence supporting the use of FMT in IBS is very low.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
S. T. Tsikis, S. C. Fligor, J. D. Secor, L. J. Yu, A. Pan, P. D. Mitchell, G. Loring, E. First, A. P. Nedder, R. M. Grammer, B. Pattison, K. M. Gura, M. Puder
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of ALC-078 in improving fat and nutrient absorption in a porcine SBS model. The results showed that ALC-078 increased the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and may improve fat malabsorption. Further studies are needed to determine whether ALC-078 can reduce dependence on parenteral nutrition.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Youlian Zhou, Yan He, Le Liu, Wanyan Zhou, Pu Wang, Han Hu, Yuqiang Nie, Ye Chen
Summary: The study revealed differences in gut microbiota between Chinese and Western populations, as well as distinct microbial characteristics in UC and cCD patients in China. Gardnerella and Fusobacterium were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between UC and cCD, demonstrating an important association between IBD affected bowel region and gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Binbin Tang, Yunlian Hu, Jianhui Chen, Chengxia Su, Qian Zhang, Chaoqun Huang
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and correlation between oral (tongue coating) and fecal microbiota in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The microbial richness of tongue coating in IBS-D patients was lower than that in the normal control group. The oral and fecal microbiotas of IBS-D patients differ from those of the control group.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert Thanert, Anna Thanert, Jocelyn Ou, Adam Bajinting, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Holly J. Engelstad, Maria E. Tecos, I. Malick Ndao, Carla Hall-Moore, Colleen Rouggly-Nickless, Mike A. Carl, Deborah C. Rubin, Nicholas O. Davidson, Phillip I. Tarr, Barbara B. Warner, Gautam Dantas, Brad W. Warner
Summary: Surgical removal of the intestine can lead to short bowel syndrome (SBS), with bloodstream infections posing a challenge in SBS management. Antibiotic-driven dysbiosis in SBS may enrich for pathogenic intestinal colonization. The gut microbiome diversity and composition in SBS patients differs persistently from controls, with antibiotic exposure identified as a main driver of these alterations.
Article
Cell Biology
Bani Ahluwalia, Cristina Iribarren, Maria K. Magnusson, Johanna Sundin, Egbert Clevers, Otto Savolainen, Alastair B. Ross, Hans Tornblom, Magnus Simren, Lena Ohman
Summary: In this study, a distinct fecal microbiota and metabolite profile associated with bowel habits was found in patients with IBS, with metabolites being the main driver of this separation. Additionally, the intestinal microenvironment profile differed between IBS patients with constipation or diarrhea, but no clustering was detected in subgroups based on symptom severity or anxiety levels. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted altered amino acid metabolism and several cellular and molecular functions in IBS patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chiara Ricci, Fernando Rizzello, Maria Chiara Valerii, Enzo Spisni, Paolo Gionchetti, Silvia Turroni, Marco Candela, Federica D'Amico, Renato Spigarelli, Irene Bellocchio, Giovanni Marasco, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: Geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and positive effects on gut microbiota in IBS patients. In this study, IBS patients treated with a low-absorbable geraniol food supplement (LAGS) showed a significant reduction in IBS symptoms severity score compared to placebo. Geraniol administration also resulted in changes in gut microbiota composition, with a decrease in Oscillospira and an increase in Faecalibacterium. The findings suggest that LAGS is effective in treating overall IBS symptoms and improving gut microbiota profile, particularly in the IBS mixed subtype.
Review
Cell Biology
Zhilin Zhang, Huan Zhang, Tian Chen, Lin Shi, Daorong Wang, Dong Tang
Summary: This article discusses the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which leads to persistent immune response and inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from fiber-rich diet produced by probiotic gut bacteria have shown anti-inflammatory effects and can delay the progression of IBD. The modulation of innate immune recognition and cytokine production by SCFAs may intervene in the progression of IBD. More studies are needed to investigate the clinical impact of SCFA.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johannes Reiner, Johanna Thiery, Jascha Held, Peggy Berlin, Jolanta Skarbaliene, Brigitte Vollmar, Robert Jaster, Per-Olof Eriksson, Georg Lamprecht, Maria Witte
Summary: Dapiglutide has shown beneficial effects on the intestinal epithelial barrier function by increasing tight junction proteins expression and enhancing selectivity in the jejunum, but it has no observed barrier effects in the colon. Additionally, dapiglutide attenuates the compensatory increase in epithelial sodium channel activity associated with short bowel syndrome.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hana Cipcic Paljetak, Anja Baresic, Marina Panek, Mihaela Peric, Mario Matijasic, Ivana Lojkic, Ana Barisic, Darija Vranesic Bender, Dina Ljubas Kelecic, Marko Brinar, Mirjana Kalauz, Marija Milicevic, Dora Grgic, Niksa Turk, Irena Karas, Silvija Cukovic-Cavka, Zeljko Krznaric, Donatella Verbanac
Summary: This study compares the differences in gut microbiota between newly diagnosed, treatment-naive adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (CD and UC) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy individuals. The results show that changes in gut microbiota are detectable at the onset of disease and may play a significant role in the development of IBD.