Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexandros Kelmalis, Dimitrios F. Lekkas, Konstantinos Moustakas, Stergios Vakalis
Summary: Short sea shipping involves transporting passengers and cargo between European ports and coastal countries bordering Europe on enclosed seas. Efforts to reduce emissions are in progress through the use of low-sulfur fuels, hybrid and electric vessels, and improved energy efficiency. The study focuses on emissions from international short shipping routes, providing insights into these emissions and discussing the findings. The research highlights the significant role of hoteling in energy consumption and emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wenxian Zhang, Yuan He, Nianyuan Wu, Fuzheng Zhang, Danni Lu, Zekun Liu, Rui Jing, Yingru Zhao
Summary: This study highlights the importance of alternative fuels in decarbonizing the shipping industry and proposes an optimization model for ship integrated energy systems. The results show that alternative fuels can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and are economically competitive.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jonas Martin, Anne Neumann, Anders Odegard
Summary: This study examines the potential for achieving carbon neutrality in the global trucking, shipping, and aviation sectors by 2050 through the use of renewable hydrogen and synthetic fuels. By developing a holistic cost model and applying it to case studies in Norway, the authors investigate the economic impact of fuel substitution over time. The findings show that renewable fuels can achieve cost reductions of 41% to 68% by 2050, but the transition to carbon-neutral transportation will face cost disadvantages in certain sectors.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Ernest Czermanski, Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrzabek, Eugen F. Spangenberg, Lukasz Kozlowski, Magdalena Adamowicz, Jakub Jankiewicz, Giuseppe T. Cirella
Summary: The global shipping industry is aiming to reduce emission levels by 40% by 2030 with measures like EEXI, which may necessitate adjustments like lowering ship speed and fleet capacity. This study focuses on the expected costs of implementing EEXI globally and explores technological solutions and alternative fuel options to achieve emission reduction targets.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf, Sandylove Afrane, Chao Jin, Haifeng Liu
Summary: The International Maritime Organization has set strategies to reduce carbon emissions from the shipping industry, with clean alternative marine fuels being recognized as a viable solution. Research in the field of decarbonizing shipping is growing significantly, with key contributions coming from the USA, and Liquefied Natural Gas being the most researched alternative shipping fuel. Recent trends show a shift towards studying methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen fuels as researchers focus on finding ways to limit emissions from the shipping sector.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Georgia Voniati, Athanasios Dimaratos, Grigorios Koltsakis, Leonidas Ntziachristos
Summary: This study conducts a preliminary assessment of the emission control challenges of NH3 application as fuel in the maritime sector. By using simulated experiments and physico-chemical models, it provides methods to optimize NOx conversion and minimize NH3 slip, while also pointing out that excess NH3 promotes N2O formation.
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Dotto, F. Satta, U. Campora
Summary: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in methanol, ammonia, and methane-hydrogen blends as green fuels for the maritime sector. This study investigates the energy, environmental, and economic performances of these alternative fuels on large-size cruise ships. The study considers different routes, operating conditions, and seasons, and focuses on power configurations integrating combined gas electric and steam plants with reciprocating engines. The results show that methane-hydrogen blends have the highest cogeneration efficiencies and that ammonia and methane-hydrogen blends comply with future environmental regulations. Methanol is seen as a short-term option due to compliance issues. The economic viability of these power plants is also assessed, with comparable costs for ammonia and methanol-fueled ships, but higher costs for methane-hydrogen blends.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lang Xu, Zhihui Yang, Jihong Chen, Zeyuan Zou
Summary: The COVID-19 epidemic has had an unprecedented impact on the shipping industry due to strict lockdown measures taken by most countries, but these measures have also played a significant role in controlling carbon emissions from international shipping. This study uses threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and exponential generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity to investigate the asymmetry of fluctuations in carbon emissions from international shipping caused by control variables. The GARCH-MIDAS model is introduced to examine whether newly confirmed cases are independent of control variables and have an impact on carbon emissions fluctuations. The results show that the information contained in newly confirmed cases cannot be captured by adding other control variables. Additionally, newly confirmed cases have a negative impact on the volatility of carbon emissions, while other control variables significantly increase carbon emissions. This study provides a quantitative research method for analyzing the volatility and impact factors of international shipping carbon emissions, which can contribute to the formulation of more reasonable emission reduction measures and promote the low-carbon transformation of the global shipping industry.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Elin Malmgren, Selma Brynolf, Linda Styhre, Jan van der Holst
Summary: This paper examines the barriers and drivers for adopting low-emission marine fuels in Swedish maritime cargo transport and highlights the industry's desire to use low-emission fuels but lack of well-developed legislation.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Studies
Simon Bullock, James Mason, Alice Larkin
Summary: International shipping heavily relies on fossil fuels and emits a considerable amount of carbon dioxide annually, making emission reduction actions crucial for global climate change efforts. The article re-evaluates the sector's emission reduction targets, highlighting the need for significantly stronger short- and longer-term goals to align with the Paris Agreement.
Article
Economics
Tian Goh, Sheng Zhong, B. W. Ang, Bin Su, Szu Hui Ng, Kah-Hin Chai
Summary: This study on international shipping energy consumption found that improvements in energy intensity are crucial for climate mitigation, but shifts in freight transport activities across regions offset these gains. Monitoring of the transport structure effect is important for emission projections.
Article
Environmental Studies
Ketan Gore, Patrick Rigot-Muller, Joseph Coughlan
Summary: This study compares the cost-effectiveness of liquefied natural gas, methanol, green hydrogen, and green ammonia through the Net Present Value methodology. The results indicate that liquefied natural gas has the highest benefits, green ammonia utilization is not feasible, and green hydrogen is the best option for achieving future decarbonization goals, although a reduction in fuel price or an increase in carbon tax rate is necessary for it to be more cost-competitive.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stefan Gossling, Andreas Humpe, Frank Fichert, Felix Creutzig
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant decline in global air transport, leading to a reduction in CO2 emissions. By implementing measures such as non-biogenic synthetic fuels and carbon pricing, it is possible to decarbonize air transport fuels by 2050 and avoid up to 26.5 Gt of CO2 emissions by 2050.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Veronica Jaramillo Jimenez, Hyungju Kim, Ziaul Haque Munim
Summary: This study presents a retrospective review of ship energy efficiency literature using a hybrid review method. The outcomes of bibliometric analysis identified five research clusters, and future research directions are proposed for each cluster.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lukas Kistner, Astrid Bensmann, Christine Minke, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Summary: The decarbonization of global ship traffic is a major challenge for the industry in the next few decades, and synthetic fuels are likely to be the key to achieving this goal. However, there is still no consensus on the best technology solution for this task. Different energy carriers, including hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, methane, and synthetic diesel, are being discussed for use in either internal combustion engines or fuel cells. To facilitate the selection process, a case study for the year 2030 is conducted to assess the economic performance of different power technologies and fuels under various ship mission characteristics. The study reveals that gaseous hydrogen, despite its low energy density, offers the lowest overall system costs for passages up to 21 days, depending on cost parameters.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathijs Harmsen, Elmar Kriegler, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Kaj-Ivar van der Wijst, Gunnar Luderer, Ryna Cui, Olivier Dessens, Laurent Drouet, Johannes Emmerling, Jennifer Faye Morris, Florian Fosse, Dimitris Fragkiadakis, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Panagiotis Fragkos, Oliver Fricko, Shinichiro Fujimori, David Gernaat, Celine Guivarch, Gokul Iyer, Panagiotis Karkatsoulis, Ilkka Keppo, Kimon Keramidas, Alexandre Koberle, Peter Kolp, Volker Krey, Christoph Kruger, Florian Leblanc, Shivika Mittal, Sergey Paltsev, Pedro Rochedo, Bas J. van Ruijven, Ronald D. Sands, Fuminori Sano, Jessica Strefler, Eveline Vasquez Arroyo, Kenichi Wada, Behnam Zakeri
Summary: Integrated assessment models are crucial for understanding climate mitigation strategies, and diagnostic indicators can help compare different models and increase transparency. By applying a set of well-defined indicators as a community standard, it is possible to systematically assess IAM behavior, identify key differences between models and versions, and link model behavior to characteristics and assumptions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Renato Rodrigues, Robert Pietzcker, Panagiotis Fragkos, James Price, Will McDowall, Pelopidas Siskos, Theofano Fotiou, Gunnar Luderer, Pantelis Capros
Summary: This study investigates the European carbon neutrality goals using advanced E3 models, finding that electrification of end use sectors combined with renewable energy expansion is important; Carbon Dioxide Removal plays a vital role in achieving net-neutral targets; hydrogen and synthetic fuels can be relevant mitigation options; energy efficiency helps reduce strain on the supply system.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Theofano Fotiou, Pantelis Capros, Panagiotis Fragkos
Summary: This paper presents the challenges of increasing energy efficiency investments in EU residential buildings in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The study highlights the importance of removing non-market barriers and implementing economic or regulatory measures to decrease emissions and energy consumption in buildings, in addition to institutional measures.
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Panagiotis Fragkos, Pelopidas Siskos
Article
Environmental Sciences
Celine Guivarch, Thomas Le Gallic, Nico Bauer, Panagiotis Fragkos, Daniel Huppmann, Marc Jaxa-Rozen, Ilkka Keppo, Elmar Kriegler, Tamas Krisztin, Giacomo Marangoni, Steve Pye, Keywan Riahi, Roberto Schaeffer, Massimo Tavoni, Evelina Trutnevyte, Detlef van Vuuren, Fabian Wagner
Summary: Mitigation scenario ensembles are a crucial tool for achieving net zero emissions. This study explores their potential and outlines key steps for their effective use and promotion of good practices.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Andreas Andreou, Panagiotis Fragkos, Theofano Fotiou, Faidra Filippidou
Summary: This article reviews the literature on integrated assessment and energy-system models (IAMs/ESMs) to examine the importance of lifestyle changes in mitigating climate change and proposes improvements to existing modeling frameworks. The study finds that mode shifts in the transport sector towards public transport and active modes, shared mobility, and eco-driving have the greatest impact, while reducing space and water-heating requirements and promoting the circular economy are the most effective practices in households. The common modeling approaches lack sophistication in capturing the dynamics and costs of demand-side transitions, heterogenous responses of different consumer groups, and the structural effects of lifestyles on the macro-economy. New approaches using innovative methodologies and big data offer potential solutions to address these challenges and enhance the modeling of lifestyle changes in large-scale models.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mark Sanders, Alexandra Serebriakova, Panagiotis Fragkos, Friedemann Polzin, Florian Egli, Bjarne Steffen
Summary: As the energy transition accelerates and renewable energy technologies become cost-competitive with fossil fuels in many countries, the availability of finance could become a bottleneck. However, current macro-economic models lack detailed consideration of financial markets and the impact of financing barriers and policy interventions on the energy transition.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michel G. J. den Elzen, Ioannis Dafnomilis, Nicklas Forsell, Panagiotis Fragkos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Niklas Hohne, Takeshi Kuramochi, Leonardo Nascimento, Mark Roelfsema, Heleen van Soest, Frank Sperling
Summary: This study analyzes the greenhouse gas emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs submitted by 156 countries. The results show that while these new NDCs contribute to additional reductions in global emissions by 2030, achieving the climate goals of the Paris Agreement still requires a significant increase in emission reductions.
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anna Flessa, Dimitris Fragkiadakis, Eleftheria Zisarou, Panagiotis Fragkos
Summary: This paper presents a new energy-economy system modelling approach for energy system planning in non-interconnected islands. Islands have the potential to become frontrunners in the clean energy transition, and therefore new advanced approaches are needed to design decarbonized energy systems specifically for islands. The developed framework, IntE3-ISL, captures energy demand and supply, efficiency potentials, sectoral integration, and other complex interactions for comprehensive island-scale planning.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Panagiotis Fragkos, Eleftheria Zisarou
Summary: This study analyzes the technology, emissions, energy systems and economic impacts of meeting Tunisia's NDC targets and long-term low-emission strategies, highlighting the importance of strengthening climate policies and increasing the adoption of renewable energy technologies.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anna Flessa, Dimitris Fragkiadakis, Eleftheria Zisarou, Panagiotis Fragkos
Summary: Islands face unique challenges in achieving carbon neutrality due to lack of energy interconnections, limited domestic energy resources, fossil fuel dependence, and high load variance. However, these challenges can be turned into opportunities for economic growth and job creation by adopting sustainable technologies and innovative solutions. A case study of Mayotte Island using an advanced energy-economy system modeling tool shows that ambitious climate policy measures and extensive deployment of low- and zero-carbon technologies are necessary for decarbonization, including sectoral integration and measures such as electrification, renewable energy, and alternative fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Panagiotis Fragkos
Summary: Morocco's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets are recognized globally as ambitious. This study analyzes the energy system, emissions, and costs of meeting Morocco's 2030 targets, as well as long-term strategies aligned with the Paris Agreement. The findings highlight the need for significant policy strengthening, including phasing out coal-fired power plants and increasing the use of renewable energy technologies. Achieving a low-emission economy requires accelerated energy efficiency improvements, electrification, and further expansion of renewables. The study emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for deep decarbonization in Morocco.
ENERGY STRATEGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Panagiotis Fragkos, Francesco Dalla Longa, Eleftheria Zisarou, Bob van der Zwaan, Anastasis Giannousakis, Amir Fattahi
Summary: This study provides a quantitative analysis of future energy-climate developments at the global level using two well-established integrated assessment models (IAMs), PROMETHEUS and TIAM-ECN. The findings highlight the importance of carbon pricing as an effective policy tool to drive decarbonization efforts. Variations in technology costs and global energy prices significantly impact the outcomes of the models.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sonia Yeh, Jorge Gil, Page Kyle, Paul Kishimoto, Pierpaolo Cazzola, Matteo Craglia, Oreane Edelenbosch, Panagiotis Fragkos, Lew Fulton, Yuan Liao, Luis Martinez, David L. Mccollum, Joshua Miller, Rafael Pereira, Jacob Teter
Summary: This paper highlights the challenges faced by governments in developing sustainable low-carbon transport systems and calls for greater collaboration in data and interdisciplinary research to provide more accurate transport demand projections and evidence-based solutions.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY
(2022)
