Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinlei Liu, Yan Zhang, Chunya Ma, Juntang Lin, Jiang Du
Summary: Alternate day fasting (ADF) attenuated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice by reducing hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation. Fasting increased expression of serum and hepatic fibroblast growth Factor 21 (Fgf21) and prevented FFA-induced lipid storage in hepatocytes. Refeeding inhibited the increase in Fgf21 expression induced by fasting, suggesting a potential role of PPAR alpha/Fgf21 signaling in protecting against NAFLD.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mark Ezpeleta, Kelsey Gabel, Sofia Cienfuegos, Faiza Kalam, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) combined with aerobic exercise on body weight and sleep in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that the combination of ADF and exercise can reduce body weight and intrahepatic triglyceride content, but it does not improve sleep quality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wentong Zhang, Jun Wang, Luanfeng Wang, Renjie Shi, Chuanqi Chu, Zhiling Shi, Pujie Liu, Yitong Li, Xuebo Liu, Zhigang Liu
Summary: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) regimen shows potential benefits in reducing obesity, improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alleviating cognitive decline. These effects may be mediated through the regulation of autophagy, energy metabolism, and inflammatory responses.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mualla Ozcan, Zhen Guo, Carla Valenzuela Ripoll, Ahmed Diab, Antonino Picataggi, David Rawnsley, Aynaz Lotfinaghsh, Carmen Bergom, Jeff Szymanski, Daniel Hwang, Aarti Asnani, Mikhail Kosiborod, Jie Zheng, Robert J. Hayashi, Pamela K. Woodard, Attila Kovacs, Kenneth B. Margulies, Joel Schilling, Babak Razani, Abhinav Diwan, Ali Javaheri
Summary: Fasting strategies are being investigated in patients on chemotherapy. Alternate-day fasting was found to aggravate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and increase mortality and impaired cardiac function in mice. The study also showed that TFEB and GDF15 pathways contribute to doxorubicin-induced heart failure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shaoyong Xu, Yuxin Jiang, Yuhai Zhang, Wenlei Xu, Hao Zhang, Qiongjie Yan, Ling Gao, Lei Shang
Summary: The study shows that alternate-day fasting is an effective short-term weight loss strategy that is well tolerated by most Chinese participants. It also suggests that the dietary pattern on fasting days is less important, with the focus being on calorie restriction during those days.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jack Feehan, Alexandra Mack, Caroline Tuck, Jorge Tchongue, Darcy Q. Holt, William Sievert, Gregory T. Moore, Barbora de Courten, Alexander Hodge
Summary: Time-restricted fasting (TRF) for 16 hours daily without calorie restrictions was found to be more effective than standard care (SC) in improving visceral adiposity and steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jingyu Zhao, Meijuan Bai, Siying Wei, Chenchen Li, Qi Lv, Yan Chen
Summary: The intermittent application of a FMD, with low carbohydrate/protein content and high dietary fiber, can reduce obesity and glucose intolerance induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet in mice. It also decreases adipocyte size, increases expression of lipolysis genes and HSL protein in white adipose tissue, and reduces HFHSD-induced lipid accumulation in the liver. RNA sequencing shows elevated expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation with FMD intervention.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huachun Pan, Shumin Yang, Wenke Cheng, Qiang Cai, Quazi T. H. Shubhra
Summary: Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapy drug, but its clinical use is limited due to cardiotoxicity and the risk of heart failure. Recent research by Ozcan et al. suggests that alternate-day fasting (ADF) can significantly worsen the cardiotoxicity of Dox.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hamed Kord Varkaneh, Ammar Salehi Sahlabadi, Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman, Mohsen Rajabnia, Melahat Sedanur Macit-Celebi, Heitor O. Santos, Azita Hekmatdoost
Summary: This study investigates the effects of the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results demonstrate that adhering to the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet can improve anthropometric indices, hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers in NAFLD patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Karuna Rasineni, Clayton W. Jordan, Paul G. Thomes, Jacy L. Kubik, Elizabeth M. Staab, Sarah A. Sweeney, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Terrence M. Donohue, Mark A. McNiven, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Carol A. Casey
Summary: This study found that the physiological mechanisms leading to AFL and NAFL are different, with AFL mainly due to increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, increased uptake of adipose-derived free fatty acids, and impaired triglyceride breakdown, while NAFL is mainly due to increased dietary fatty acid uptake. Additionally, the response to starvation in the two fatty liver disease models also varied.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junhan Li, Lei Huang, Wei Xiong, Yu Qian, Minghu Song
Summary: This study found that aerobic exercise can reverse the abnormal lipid metabolism, liver function injury, and overexpression of CNPY2-PERK pathway induced by high-fat diet in NAFLD. This suggests that aerobic exercise is an effective method to improve NAFLD.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Veera Houttu, Julia Bouts, Yasaman Vali, Joost Daams, Aldo Grefhorst, Max Nieuwdorp, Adriaan G. G. Holleboom
Summary: Exercise can reduce liver fat and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with NAFLD, but further studies are needed to understand its impact on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoxiao Lin, Shuai Wang, Jinyu Huang
Summary: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a promising diet intervention for human health. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate publication trends and hotspots in the field of ADF. The study found that the main research hotspots are ADF for obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and ADF for different population groups including healthy adults and patients with diabetes, NAFLD, and cancer.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kiyoung Lim, Minkyu Kang, Junggil Park
Summary: The study investigated the association between spontaneous fasting ketonuria and liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients without prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. Results showed that patients with ketonuria were younger, had lower levels of glucose and insulin resistance, and had an inverse association with liver fibrosis compared to patients without ketonuria. The presence of ketonuria in these patients may have favorable metabolic effects.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elisa Barron-Cabrera, Raul Soria-Rodriguez, Fernando Amador-Lara, Erika Martinez-Lopez
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to other metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Regular exercise can reduce liver fat content and may be the first-line treatment for NAFLD. This review summarizes current evidence of the benefits of exercise training and identifies the molecular pathways involved in NAFLD resolution in both animal and human studies. Various exercise modalities have been shown to have positive effects on liver function. Physical activity is strongly associated with improvement in inflammation, reduction in steatohepatitis and fibrosis in animal models. In human studies, both aerobic and resistance exercise can reduce liver fat, improve insulin resistance and blood lipids, regardless of weight loss, although aerobic exercise may be more effective. Resistance exercise is more feasible for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness. Greater efforts should be made to encourage NAFLD patients to adopt an active lifestyle in order to address this growing public health problem.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Howard J. Seltman, Shaina Mitchell, Robert A. Sweet
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2016)
Article
Cell Biology
Sofia Cienfuegos, Kelsey Gabel, Faiza Kalam, Mark Ezpeleta, Eric Wiseman, Vasiliki Pavlou, Shuhao Lin, Manoela Lima Oliveira, Krista A. Varady
Article
Biology
Shaina J. Alexandria, Michael G. Hudgens, Allison E. Aiello
Summary: Studies of social networks can assess the causal effects of interventions beyond the directly intervened population. This article examines the effect of a social distancing intervention on influenza-like-illness transmission using randomization-based inference in the eX-FLU trial. The methods account for interference between connected individuals and allow for varied treatment effects.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sofia Cienfuegos, Sarah Corapi, Kelsey Gabel, Mark Ezpeleta, Faiza Kalam, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: Intermittent fasting may decrease androgen levels in women and testosterone levels in men. It may have beneficial effects on fertility in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but could negatively affect metabolic health and libido in men. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mark Ezpeleta, Kelsey Gabel, Sofia Cienfuegos, Faiza Kalam, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) combined with aerobic exercise on body weight and sleep in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that the combination of ADF and exercise can reduce body weight and intrahepatic triglyceride content, but it does not improve sleep quality.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrea Mulas, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: Obesity is linked to low-grade inflammation, and weight loss through dietary restriction can reduce systemic inflammation. However, the effects of intermittent fasting on inflammatory markers in individuals with obesity have not been fully summarized.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mark Ezpeleta, Kelsey Gabel, Sofia Cienfuegos, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: This article presents a protocol for measuring intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The protocol includes steps for screening NAFLD patients, performing MRI-PDFF scans, and quantifying IHTG using MRI-PDFF data. This protocol can be repeated and used in weight loss trials, but it is limited to patients with NAFLD and does not assess non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or hepatic fibrosis. For more information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ezpeleta et al. (2023).
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mark Ezpeleta, Sofia Cienfuegos, Shuhao Lin, Vasiliki Pavlou, Kelsey Gabel, Krista A. Varady
Summary: The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the effects of prolonged fasting on various metabolic health measures, including body weight, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and glycemic control. Prolonged fasting for 5-20 days produces potent increases in circulating ketones, and mild to moderate weight loss of 2-10%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure consistently decreased with prolonged fasting, while the impact on plasma lipids is less clear. Reductions in fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c were noted in adults with normoglycemia, but not in patients with diabetes. Refeeding after fasting led to the loss of metabolic benefits. Prolonged fasting appears to be moderately safe and effective for short-term weight loss, but further investigation is needed to assess its long-term effects on metabolic markers.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shuhao Lin, Sofia Cienfuegos, Mark Ezpeleta, Vasiliki Pavlou, Kaitlin Chakos, Mara Mcstay, Mary-Claire Runchey, Shaina J. Alexandria, Krista A. Varady
Summary: This secondary analysis compares the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction (CR) on mood and quality of life in adults with obesity. The study found that both methods of weight loss resulted in similar reductions in body weight, but did not significantly impact mood or quality of life.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faiza Kalam, Kelsey Gabel, Sofia Cienfuegos, Eric Wiseman, Mark Ezpeleta, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
Summary: The study found that ADF combined with a low carbohydrate diet led to weight loss over 6 months, with subjective hunger and fullness remaining unchanged. Fasting insulin decreased after 6 months, but fasting glucose and insulin resistance did not change.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Faiza Kalam, Kelsey Gabel, Sofia Cienfuegos, Eric Wiseman, Mark Ezpeleta, Malik Steward, Vasiliki Pavlou, Krista A. Varady
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2019)
