Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roxana-Elena Cirjaliu, Mariana Deacu, Ioana Gherghisan, Angela Stefania Marghescu, Manuela Enciu, Gabriela Izabela Baltatescu, Antonela Anca Nicolau, Doina-Ecaterina Tofolean, Oana Cristina Arghir, Ariadna-Petronela Fildan
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the risk factors, clinical, radiologic, and histological features of both post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It highlights the similarities and differences between these two diseases by gathering relevant articles published in English up until October 2022 using multiple databases. This review aims to assist clinicians, pathologists, and researchers in making accurate diagnoses and selecting patients for anti-fibrotic therapies and future therapeutic perspectives.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kevin C. Doerschug, Gregory A. Schmidt
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that enters through airway epithelium and is associated with certain patient factors such as obesity, tobacco use, and black race. Consolidation and ground-glass opacities on chest imaging are typical findings of COVID-19. Venous thromboembolism occurs infrequently, but capillary microthrombosis is common and contributes to hypoxemia. Remdesivir and glucocorticoids may be beneficial for hospitalized patients. Many patients continue to have symptoms and require healthcare even after two weeks of diagnosis, and lung function may be reduced in some survivors for months.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shiva Rattan Ambardar, Stephanie L. Hightower, Nikhil A. Huprikar, Kevin K. Chung, Anju Singhal, Jacob F. Collen
Summary: This paper explores the long-term respiratory complications of severe COVID-19 infection, highlighting potential risks and discussing strategies for prevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alessia Fumagalli, Clementina Misuraca, Achille Bianchi, Noemi Borsa, Simone Limonta, Sveva Maggiolini, Daniela Rita Bonardi, Andrea Corsonello, Mirko Di Rosa, Luca Soraci, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Daniele Colombo
Summary: This study aimed to assess respiratory function in patients surviving COVID-19 pneumonia. The findings suggest that patients may experience clinically relevant alterations in pulmonary function, characterized by a mainly restrictive pattern, even 6 weeks after discharge.
Article
Cell Biology
Peter M. George, Anna Reed, Sujal R. Desai, Anand Devaraj, Tasnim Shahridan Faiez, Sarah Laverty, Amama Kanwal, Camille Esneau, Michael K. C. Liu, Faisal Kamal, William D. -C. Man, Sundeep Kaul, Suveer Singh, Georgia Lamb, Fatima K. Faizi, Michael Schuliga, Jane Read, Thomas Burgoyne, Andreia L. Pinto, Jake Micallef, Emilie Bauwens, Julie Candiracci, Mhammed Bougoussa, Marielle Herzog, Lavanya Raman, Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala, Stuart Turville, Anupriya Aggarwal, Hugo A. Farne, Alessia Dalla Pria, Andrew D. Aswani, Francesca Patella, Weronika E. Borek, Jane A. Mitchell, Nathan W. Bartlett, Arran Dokal, Xiao-Ning Xu, Peter Kelleher, Anand Shah, Aran Singanayagam
Summary: Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis can occur in COVID-19 patients after recovery, and this study provides insights into the mechanisms behind these pulmonary sequelae. The researchers found an up-regulated neutrophil-associated immune response and antiviral signaling in the blood and upper airway of patients with lung changes. Peripheral phosphoproteome analysis identified critical kinases involved in neutrophil inflammatory pathways. Some patients did not achieve full normalization of radiological and functional changes even after 12 months of recovery.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lukas M. Trunz, Patrick Lee, Steven M. Lange, Corbin L. Pomeranz, Laurence Needleman, Robert W. Ford, Ajit Karambelkar, Baskaran Sundaram
Summary: The number of COVID-19 cases associated with PE is increasing, with imaging playing a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment. Knowledge of COVID-19 related PE is rapidly evolving.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Paola Faverio, Fabrizio Luppi, Paola Rebora, Gabriele D'Andrea, Anna Stainer, Sara Busnelli, Martina Catalano, Giuseppe Modafferi, Giovanni Franco, Anna Monzani, Stefania Galimberti, Paolo Scarpazza, Elisa Oggionni, Monia Betti, Tiberio Oggionni, Federica De Giacomi, Francesco Bini, Bruno Dino Bodini, Mara Parati, Luca Bilucaglia, Paolo Ceruti, Denise Modina, Sergio Harari, Antonella Caminati, Marcello Intotero, Pietro Sergio, Giuseppe Monzillo, Giovanni Leati, Andrea Borghesi, Maurizio Zompatori, Rocco Corso, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Giacomo Bellani, Giuseppe Foti, Alberto Pesci
Summary: This study investigated pulmonary sequelae in patients one year after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The findings showed that DLCO impairment and non-fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities were common, particularly in older patients requiring higher ventilatory support.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fanglin Li, Jiayi Deng, Yongqiang Song, Chenfang Wu, Bo Yu, Guyi Wang, Jinxiu Li, Yanjun Zhong, Fang Liang
Summary: In this retrospective study, clinical and laboratory data from 227 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected, and it was found that pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common sequela in COVID-19 survivors. Advanced age was identified as an independent risk factor for PF in COVID-19 patients. PF was significantly associated with inflammation/coagulopathy/fibrinolysis parameters.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan C. Kamp, Lavinia Neubert, Maximilian Ackermann, Helge Stark, Christopher Werlein, Jan Fuge, Axel Haverich, Alexandar Tzankov, Konrad Steinestel, Johannes Friemann, Peter Boor, Klaus Junker, Marius M. Hoeper, Tobias Welte, Florian Laenger, Mark P. Kuehnel, Danny D. Jonigk
Summary: There is an increased prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 survivors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This multicentric study found that there is a shift from pro-inflammatory to fibrogenic activity after the first week of hospitalization in severe COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Filippo Patrucco, Paolo Solidoro, Francesco Gavelli, Daria Apostolo, Mattia Bellan
Summary: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrosing disease where immune cells play a complex role in orchestrating the fibrosing response. Post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) is an emerging clinical entity that shares many similarities with IPF, including pathophysiological processes and response to treatments. SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause acute exacerbation of IPF and negatively impact prognosis.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stefan Lassan, Tomas Tesar, Jana Tisonova, Monika Lassanova
Summary: In recent years, COVID-19 has become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This article provides an overview of Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and its potential pharmacological treatment options. Various pharmacotherapeutic approaches, including antifibrotic drugs and corticosteroids, are being investigated. Clinical trials are needed to further understand the heterogeneity of the disease and identify effective treatment options.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alessia Fumagalli, Clementina Misuraca, Achille Bianchi, Noemi Borsa, Simone Limonta, Sveva Maggiolini, Daniela Rita Bonardi, Andrea Corsonello, Mirko Di Rosa, Luca Soraci, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Daniele Colombo
Summary: After a 12-month follow-up period, significant improvements in respiratory function, particularly FEV1% and FVC%, were observed in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia. The study suggests that COVID-19 pneumonia may result in significant alterations in lung function, but improvements can be seen during the follow-up period.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joao Fadista, Luke M. Kraven, Juha Karjalainen, Shea J. Andrews, Frank Geller, J. Kenneth Baillie, Louise Wain, R. Gisli Jenkins, Bjarke Feenstra
Summary: There is a positive genetic correlation between IPF and COVID-19 severity, but the causal relationship between IPF and COVID-19 severity is not clear. However, one specific IPF risk gene shows a causal effect on COVID-19 severity, while another IPF risk gene appears to have a protective effect against COVID-19 hospitalization in older adults.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matteo Bonato, Piera Peditto, Nicholas Landini, Alessia Fraccaro, Cosimo Catino, Maria Cuzzola, Nicola Malacchini, Francesca Savoia, Nicola Roma, Mauro Salasnich, Martina Turrin, Francesca Zampieri, Giuseppe Zanardi, Fabiola Zeraj, Marcello Rattazzi, Mario Peta, Simonetta Baraldo, Marina Saetta, Michele Fusaro, Giovanni Morana, Micaela Romagnoli
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 may lead to pulmonary sequelae. A longitudinal study of severe COVID-19 survivors found that patients at three months from discharge showed functional impairment and radiological abnormalities, with respiratory symptoms related to airway sequelae.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Mark C. Murphy, Brent P. Little
Summary: This case report describes a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who required ICU admission and had a prolonged hospital stay. The infection led to long-term morbidity, functional decline, and abnormal chest CT findings. The article discusses the mechanisms of long-term lung injury, imaging appearances, and the role of imaging in follow-up after COVID-19 infection.