Review
Cell Biology
Somarani Dash, Yasir Ahmed Syed, Mojibur R. Khan
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a significant role in early human brain development and is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders like autism. Dysbiosis of the microbiome is directly linked to exacerbated inflammatory state and functional brain deficits. Early dietary intervention may improve mental health in affected individuals.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sungji Ha, Donghun Oh, Sunghee Lee, Jaewan Park, Jaeun Ahn, Sungku Choi, Keun-Ah Cheon
Summary: The study revealed differences in gut microbiota composition between children with ASD and typically developing children, showing higher levels of short-chain fatty acids and specific bacteria in the ASD group. Predicted pathways associated with ASD pathogenesis based on microbiota analysis may offer new insights into the diagnosis and treatment approaches for ASD patients.
Article
Immunology
Marcel van de Wouw, Calum J. Walsh, Giulia M. D. Vigano, Joshua M. Lyte, Marcus Boehme, Andreu Gual-Grau, Fiona Crispie, Aaron M. Walsh, Gerard Clarke, Timothy G. Dinan, Paul D. Cotter, John F. Cryan
Summary: Research shows that Kefir can improve repetitive behavior in a mouse model of autism, enhance immune response, and modulate gut microbiome composition.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yu-Chieh Chen, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Yiling Chien, Yu-Hung Tung, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Susan Shur -Fen Gau
Summary: This study investigated the microbial profiles in an East Asian sample and found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had altered microbiota compared to typically developing controls (TDC). These changes were associated with autistic symptoms and emotional/behavioral problems, but not GI symptoms. The findings support the hypothesis of a complex relationship between altered microbiome, immune dysregulation, and ASD.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amani Alharthi, Safiah Alhazmi, Najla Alburae, Ahmed Bahieldin
Summary: This review focuses on the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism, including the impact of gut microbial dysbiosis on autistic individuals and the possible role of gut microbiome in initiating epigenetic modifications. It also summarizes microbiota-targeted therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Monia Kittana, Asma Ahmadani, Farah Al Marzooq, Amita Attlee
Summary: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to experience gastrointestinal disorders (GID) than typically developing children, possibly due to dysbiotic gut microbiota. The composition of dietary fats plays a significant role in modulating GID and gut microbiota, especially in children with ASD. Further experimental studies are needed to investigate the impact of diets with varying fatty acid compositions on the specific microbiome profiles of GID in children with ASD.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michelle A. Chernikova, Genesis D. Flores, Emily Kilroy, Jennifer S. Labus, Emeran A. Mayer, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
Summary: There is a need for further research on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between gut microbiota, brain function, social behavior, and ASD development, particularly in individuals with gastrointestinal issues. By exploring the potential role of microbiota-targeted therapies in ASD, there is a possibility of informing new treatments aimed at modulating the gut microbiome system and alleviating behavioral and physiological symptoms in individuals with ASD.
Review
Pediatrics
Mariya Levkova, Trifon Chervenkov, Rouzha Pancheva
Summary: Autism, a global health problem, may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that the gut microbiome of autistic children differs from typically developing children, with certain bacterial genera potentially being linked to the etiology of autism. Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Blautia were identified as the most significant genera showing fluctuations in the gastrointestinal tract related to autism. Future research should focus on validating and understanding the reasons for these fluctuations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuanchuan Wang, Weixuan Chen, Yishan Jiang, Xiao Xiao, Qianhui Zou, Jiarui Liang, Yu Zhao, Qianxu Wang, Tian Yuan, Rui Guo, Xuebo Liu, Zhigang Liu
Summary: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms may be improved through modulation of gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic treatment on an ASD-like mouse model, and found that it rectified social impairments, attenuated inflammatory cytokine expressions, protected gut barrier integrity, and altered gut microbiota composition. The synbiotic treatment elevated beneficial metabolites and upregulated genes associated with their synthesis. Overall, the synbiotic combination mitigated ASD-related social impairments through regulation of the gut-brain axis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Martina Lombardi, Jacopo Troisi
Summary: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors, with gut dysbiosis possibly contributing to autism symptoms. Current studies on microbial-based and dietary interventions lack consistency and comparability, highlighting the need for standardized methods in future research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian Bicknell, Ann Liebert, Thomas Borody, Geoffrey Herkes, Craig McLachlan, Hosen Kiat
Summary: The human gut microbiome, which contains a large number of bacteria, has the potential to greatly impact metabolism locally and systemically. A healthy and diverse microbiome is associated with overall health, while an imbalanced microbiome is linked to various diseases. There is a strong connection between the gut and the brain, particularly in maintaining brain health and the development of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This suggests that the gut microbiome can be used for early diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for these diseases. Additionally, there is also a link between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and other neurological diseases. Traditional methods and novel treatments such as fecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation are being discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fang Ye, Xinying Gao, Zhiyi Wang, Shuman Cao, Guangcai Liang, Danni He, Zhitang Lv, Liming Wang, Pengfei Xu, Qi Zhang
Summary: Significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiome were observed between boys with ASD and neurotypical controls in this study, contributing to the understanding of gut microbiome alterations in ASD patients and opening up the possibility for early identification of the disease.
SYNTHETIC AND SYSTEMS BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Aina Qu, Boyang Duan, Yue Wang, Zhenzhen Cui, Nuochen Zhang, De Wu
Summary: This study found that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had elevated Skunavirus abundance and reduced alpha diversity in the gut DNA virome. This provides preliminary cumulative information on the virological aspects of the relationship between the microbiome and ASD, and should benefit future multi-omics and large sample studies on the gut microbiome in children with ASD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mingxing Lou, Aihua Cao, Cuiyuan Jin, Kai Mi, Xiyue Xiong, Zhaoyang Zeng, Xu Pan, Jinlong Qie, Shangfeng Qiu, Yaofang Niu, Hao Liang, Yanping Liu, Lin Chen, Zhi Liu, Qing Zhao, Xiyan Qiu, Yuanxiang Jin, Xiaoqi Sheng, Zhibin Hu, Gulei Jin, Jingshi Liu, Xingyin Liu, Yichao Wang
Summary: Recent studies have revealed the developmental characteristics of gut microbiota in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), showing a distinct and progressive deviation in microbiota development, as well as extensive microbial changes before the age of 3.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiang Zhang, Rong Zou, Min Guo, Mengmeng Duan, Quan Li, Huajun Zheng
Summary: The study found significant differences in gut microbiota between adults with ASD and obese adults, with certain bacterial genera significantly increased in ASD patients and certain species enriched in obesity. Some species identified may serve as predictive biomarkers for obesity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristian A. Choate, Edward J. Raack, Veronica F. Line, Matthew J. Jennings, Robert J. Belton Jr, Robert J. Winn, Paul B. Mann
Summary: In this study, a rapid colorimetric detection method for the IDH1-R132H mutation was established, which can perform tumor sample detection within 1 hour without the need for nucleic acid extraction. The method showed good sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation, accurately detecting the R132H single nucleotide variant.