Fisher-shark interactions: A loss of support for the Maldives shark sanctuary from reef fishers whose livelihoods are affected by shark depredation

Targets for protecting predatory species often fail to consider the human costs of conservation. Human-wildlife interactions can increase following conservation action and present a major ecological and socioeconomic challenge. Using semistructured interviews (n = 103), participatory mapping (n = 57) and Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (50 h) we investigated fisher-shark interactions in one of the world's principal shark sanctuaries. Seventy-three percent of respondents reported an increase in shark depredation postsanctuary implementation. Fisher-reported losses due to shark depredation varied significantly between fisheries and were disproportionately high for reef fishers (>21% of daily vessel earnings). This is attributed to extensive spatial overlap (55%-78%) between reef fishing activity and ecologically validated shark hotspots. We show significant correlations between perceptions of depredation and support for shark sanctuary regulations. Findings demonstrate the need to consider fisher-shark interactions in current and future conservation planning and suggest that management of depredation must be sensitive to diverging perceptions among fisher groups.

Automated summary

Targets for protecting predatory species often overlook the human costs involved. Interactions between humans and wildlife can bring forth ecological and socioeconomic challenges. A study conducted in a shark sanctuary revealed an increase in fisher-shark interactions after the implementation of the sanctuary, leading to significant losses for reef fishers. Furthermore, the study found correlations between perceived losses and support for shark sanctuary regulations, highlighting the need to consider fisher-shark interactions in conservation planning.