Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Domenico Nuzzo, Sonya Vasto, Luca Scalisi, Salvatore Cottone, Gaetano Cambula, Manfredi Rizzo, Daniela Giacomazza, Pasquale Picone
Summary: The emergence of the highly pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019 led to the global spread of COVID-19, causing devastating socio-economic impacts and necessitating a focus on vulnerable groups. Scientific evidence suggests the importance of monitoring symptoms following acute infection, with a significant number of patients experiencing neurological complications even after recovery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Liu, Qi Su, Fen Zhang, Hein M. Tun, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Susanna So Shan Ng, Jessica Y. L. Ching, Amy Li, Wenqi Lu, Chenyu Liu, Chun Pan Cheung, David S. C. Hui, Paul K. S. Chan, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: By integrating clinical features and multi-omics data, the authors identified specific gut microbiome patterns associated with disease severity and development of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. These findings highlight the potential utility of host phenotype and multi-kingdom microbiota profiling as a prognostic tool for patients with COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Domenico Nuzzo, Gaetano Cambula, Ignazio Bacile, Manfredi Rizzo, Massimo Galia, Paola Mangiapane, Pasquale Picone, Daniela Giacomazza, Luca Scalisi
Summary: The role of neurologists and neurobiologists in studying key features of brain infection and neurological manifestations of COVID-19 is crucial, with many studies suggesting brain damage and persistent neurological symptoms post-infection. This study highlights the necessity of deepening analysis of persistent neurological signs in patients after a severe clinical condition of COVID-19.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ettore Beghi, Giorgia Giussani, Erica Westenberg, Ricardo Allegri, David Garcia-Azorin, Alla Guekht, Jennifer Frontera, Miia Kivipelto, Francesca Mangialasche, Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, Kameshwar Prasad, Neerja Chowdhary, Andrea Sylvia Winkler
Summary: Neurological manifestations in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are associated with disease severity, but there is still a lack of evidence-based data to clearly define the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of these manifestations, especially in non-hospitalized patients. Data from low- and middle-income countries are scarce, leading to uncertainties in measuring the neurological findings of COVID-19, with reference to geography, ethnicity, socio-cultural settings, and health care arrangements. As a result, a specific phenotype for post-COVID (or long-COVID) neurological syndrome has not yet been identified.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ian Z. Z. Ong, Dennis L. L. Kolson, Matthew K. K. Schindler
Summary: With more and more patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, understanding the long-term neurological consequences of the disease is crucial for their care. The neurological complications, known as NC-PASC, include symptoms such as headaches, brain fog, and numbness/tingling, which many people experience long after the acute infection has resolved. Limited knowledge of disease mechanisms has hindered therapeutic efforts, but emerging reports and reviews aim to address these issues and explore potential clinical interventions.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Abdul Mannan Baig
Summary: Long-COVID patients are showing persistent and ominous neurological deficits that lead to disabilities, with the mechanisms behind these symptoms still unclear. Factors such as viral load location, differential immune response, neurodegenerative changes, and inflammation are debated as potential causative factors that need further investigation for understanding the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID in long-COVID syndrome.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Felix Scholkmann, Christian-Albrecht May
Summary: According to the World Health Organization, there have been over 760 million confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide and more than 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023. In addition to acute COVID-19, the infection with SARS-CoV-2 can also result in a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). The article discusses the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, proposes new terms (PCVS, ACVS, and PACVS) to refer to these side effects, and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between acute and post-acute vaccine-related syndromes.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Bing Sun, Norina Tang, Michael J. Peluso, Nikita S. Iyer, Leonel Torres, Joanna L. Donatelli, Sadie E. Munter, Christopher C. Nixon, Rachel L. Rutishauser, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Bryan Greenhouse, John D. Kelly, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven G. Deeks, Timothy J. Henrich, Lynn Pulliam
Summary: A study showed increased levels of plasma cytokines and nEV proteins in individuals recovering from COVID-19, potentially leading to neuronal dysfunction, especially in patients with neurological issues and those recovering from the infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to monitor these biomarkers to assess neural damage and systemic effects.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Erin F. Balcom, Avindra Nath, Christopher Power
Summary: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to acute and chronic disorders affecting the nervous system. Acute neurological symptoms include stroke, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction, while chronic neurological sequelae such as exercise intolerance and pain are reported. Various studies suggest potential mechanisms of viral neuroinvasion, but further research is needed to understand the underlying pathogenic processes.
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Collin J. Catalfamo, Paulina M. Colombo, Sana M. Khan, Erika Austhof, Felina Cordova-Marks, Kacey C. Ernst, Leslie V. Farland, Kristen Pogreba-Brown
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are conditions that occur or remain at least 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pre-existing conditions such as asthma, chronic constipation, reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, seasonal allergies, and depression/anxiety are associated with an increased risk for PASC. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and autoimmune conditions also show significant associations with PASC.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Pablo Fabiano Moura das Neves, Sandra Souza Lima, Jeferson da Costa Lopes, Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto, Carlos David Araujo Bichara, Erika Ferreira dos Santos, Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhaes de Brito, Andrea Luciana Soares da Silva, Mauro de Meira Leite, Flavia Povoa da Costa, Maria de Nazare do Socorro de Almeida Viana, Fabiola Brasil Barbosa Rodrigues, Kevin Matheus Lima de Sarges, Marcos Henrique Damasceno Cantanhede, Rosilene da Silva, Clea Nazare Carneiro Bichara, Ana Virginia Soares van den Berg, Adriana de Oliveira Lameira Verissimo, Mayara da Silva Carvalho, Daniele Freitas Henriques, Carla Pinheiro dos Santos, Juliana Abreu Lima Nunes, Iran Barros Costa, Giselle Maria Rachid Viana, Francisca Regina Oliveira Carneiro, Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes Palacios, Juarez Antonio Simoes Quaresma, Igor Brasil-Costa, Eduardo Jose Melo dos Santos, Luiz Fabio Magno Falcao, Antonio Carlos Rosario Vallinoto
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of age, comorbidities, and cytokine synthesis on COVID-19 patients. The results showed that advanced age, comorbidities, and elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, long COVID-19 has a specific cytokine profile.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed S. Mohamed, Anton Johansson, Jorgen Jonsson, Helgi B. Schioth
Summary: Many survivors of COVID-19 are experiencing persistent symptoms, known as post-COVID-19 syndrome or long COVID, which significantly impact their quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms behind this syndrome is crucial for diagnosis, biomarker development, and potential treatments. This article discusses the prevalence and manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its neurological features, highlighting potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elaine Holmes, Julien Wist, Reika Masuda, Samantha Lodge, Philipp Nitschke, Torben Kimhofer, Ruey Leng Loo, Sofina Begum, Berin Boughton, Rongchang Yang, Aude-Claire Morillon, Sung-Tong Chin, Drew Hall, Monique Ryan, Sze-How Bong, Melvin Gay, Dale W. Edgar, John C. Lindon, Toby Richards, Bu B. Yeap, Sven Pettersson, Manfred Spraul, Hartmut Schaefer, Nathan G. Lawler, Nicola Gray, Luke Whiley, Jeremy K. Nicholson
Summary: The multivariate metabotyping approach was used to assess functional recovery of nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients. It revealed that some patients experienced persistent symptoms after acute infection, suggesting potential biochemical sequelae of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maddalena Peghin, Alvisa Palese, Margherita Venturini, Maria De Martino, Valentina Gerussi, Elena Graziano, Giulia Bontempo, Francesco Marrella, Alberto Tommasini, Martina Fabris, Francesco Curcio, Miriam Isola, Carlo Tascini
Summary: The study found a high prevalence rate of post-COVID-19 syndrome at 40.2% six months after onset, with factors associated including the presence of IgG antibodies, female gender, an increase in symptom number at onset, and ICU admission. Prospective follow-up for COVID-19 patients is recommended to identify long-term sequelae early.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lavienraj Premraj, Nivedha Kannapadi, Jack Briggs, Stella M. Seal, Denise Battaglini, Jonathon Fanning, Jacky Suen, Chiara Robba, John Fraser, Sung-Min Cho
Summary: Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that persist or develop three months after the onset of COVID-19 pose a significant threat to the global healthcare system. A systematic review analyzed data from multiple studies and found that fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbances were key features of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety and depression were also common and increased in prevalence over time.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
