期刊
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
卷 138, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104464
关键词
Fractional condensation; Water-insoluble bio-oil; Novolac resin; DGEBA; Curing kinetics; Thermal stability
资金
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- UT-INSA program
This study synthesized bio-oil phenol acetaldehyde (BOPA) resins using bio-oil obtained from two separation methods. The properties of the resins deviated from traditional phenol acetaldehyde resins as the proportion of bio-oil increased. Higher catalyst concentration reduced these differences and produced bio-based resins with improved properties.
Background: The bio-oil obtained from combining two separation methods (fractional condensation and water extraction) of intermediate pyrolysis beech wood was used to synthesize bio-oil phenol acetaldehyde (BOPA) resins to replace petroleum-based phenol precursor. Methods: Simultaneously, two different concentrations of hydrochloric acid catalyst (1% and 10%) were applied to better understand the reaction between bio-oil and aldehyde. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) was used as a formaldehyde-free cross-linker for bio-oil based novolac resins. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were determined with model-free methods using data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry. The physicochemical and thermal properties of uncured and cured BOPA resins as a function of bio-oil ratio and catalyst concentration were analyzed and compared. Significant findings: As the proportion of bio-oil increases in resins, the properties deviate more and more from phenol acetaldehyde resin (PA) resin. The high catalyst content reduced these differences and produced excellent bio-based resins with less free phenols and aldehydes, higher molecular weight, and lower activation energy (Ea) of curing. An optimal proportion of bio-oil (50% bio-oil) in BOPA resin promoted the curing reactions and provide the lowest E-a.
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