Article
Immunology
Lauren N. Steimle, Joshua Havumaki, Marisa C. Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, Lisa A. Prosser, Jamison Pike, Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez, Claire P. Mattison, Aron J. Hall, Molly K. Steele, Benjamin A. Lopman, David W. Hutton
Summary: Based on cost-effectiveness analysis, norovirus vaccination for children in daycare settings may have a positive impact on reducing infections and deaths, even with modest vaccine efficacy and high vaccination costs. The cost-effectiveness ratio of vaccination for children in daycare is similar to other commonly recommended childhood vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Leslie Barclay, Tim Davis, Jan Vinje
Summary: An outbreak of norovirus GIV occurred in Wisconsin, United States in May 2016, involving 53 individuals who fell ill after consuming individually prepared fruit salad. The virus was identified as a novel genotype within the GIV classification.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nicola C. Elviss, David J. Allen, Daniel Kelly, Joyce Odeke Akello, Sarah Hau, Andrew J. Fox, Mark Hopkins, Jade Derrick, Sarah O'Brien, Miren Iturriza-Gomara
Summary: This study aims to investigate whether there is a higher contamination of norovirus in the commercial food production environment in premises that have recently reported a norovirus outbreak compared to those that have not. The results demonstrate that food premises and food handlers remain a potential source of norovirus transmission and outbreaks.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jenine Leal, Heidi M. M. O'Grady, Logan Armstrong, Devika Dixit, Zoha Khawaja, Kate Snedeker, Jennifer Ellison, Joyce Erebor, Peter Jamieson, Amanda Weiss, Daniel Salcedo, Kimberley Roberts, Karen Wiens, Matthew A. A. Croxen, Byron M. M. Berenger, Kanti Pabbaraju, Yi-Chan Lin, David Evans, John M. M. Conly
Summary: This study investigated a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 in three cardiac wards of a tertiary teaching hospital in Calgary, Canada. The results showed that exposure in a multi-bedded room was the strongest independent risk factor for nosocomial COVID-19 transmission.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xiudi Han, Liang Chen, Yimin Wang, Hui Li, Hong Wang, Xiqian Xing, Chunxiao ZhanF, Lijun Suo, Jinxiang Wang, Guohua Yu, Guangqiang Wang, Xuexin Yao, Hongxia Yu, Lei Wang, Xuedong Liu, Bin Cao
Summary: This study found that different guideline-concordant antimicrobial regimens for elderly patients with CAP in general wards showed non-inferiority in terms of clinical outcomes and short-term mortality. However, fluoroquinolone monotherapy had significantly lower median length of stay and hospitalization-associated costs, making it the most cost-effective strategy in general wards for elderly patients with CAP.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sieun Lee, Eunhae Cho, Geunsoo Jang, Sangil Kim, Giphil Cho
Summary: This study predicts weekly norovirus warnings using machine learning algorithms and proposes a method for early detection of norovirus. The results show that early detection can provide important insights for government in preparing and controlling outbreaks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoko Shijoh, Shota Saito, Zhehao Dai, Sachiko Ohde
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of patent foramen ovale closure compared with medical therapy alone for young Japanese patients with cryptogenic stroke. The results show that patent foramen ovale closure is cost-effective for patients aged 60 or younger with cryptogenic stroke.
Article
Virology
Farah Yasmin, Syed Hasan Ali, Irfan Ullah
Summary: Norovirus, a global enteric virus primarily responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks, is currently causing outbreaks in the UK, which poses significant challenges to the National Health Service. Primary challenges include increased strain on healthcare services, rising cases in educational and care facilities, and lack of an effective vaccine, emphasizing the need for increased public awareness, precautions, and reporting.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Na Wei, Bo Liu, Meijuan Ma, Xuejun Zhang, Wei Zhang, Fangxia Hou, Fuqiang Liu, Xiangyou Yu
Summary: The study investigated the cost-effectiveness of PFO closure vs. medical therapy among Chinese cryptogenic stroke patients. The results showed that PFO closure is a relatively cost-effective method.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Asahi Fujita, Takaaki Konishi, Rei Sakata, Yohei Hashimoto, Hideo Yasunaga, Makoto Aihara
Summary: Prophylactic LPI is cost-effective for middle-aged patients with PACS in Japan.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maile T. T. Phillips, Marina Antillon, Joke Bilcke, Naor Bar-Zeev, Fumbani Limani, Frederic Debellut, Clint Pecenka, Kathleen M. M. Neuzil, Melita A. A. Gordon, Deus Thindwa, A. David Paltiel, Reza Yaesoubi, Virginia E. E. Pitzer
Summary: Since 2010, there have been several prolonged typhoid fever epidemics in eastern and southern Africa, including Malawi, caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi. The World Health Organization recommends the use of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in outbreak settings, but there is limited data on the timing and methods of introducing TCVs in response to outbreaks.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qianling Xiong, Huimin Jiang, Zhe Liu, Jinju Peng, Jing Sun, Ling Fang, Caixia Li, Ming Qiu, Xin Zhang, Jing Lu
Summary: The causative pathogen of a community outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was determined to be norovirus using Nanopore metatranscriptomic sequencing and confirmed by RT-PCR. The outbreak was likely caused by an emerging recombinant GII.12[P16] virus, which is the first report of this variant in mainland China.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicolas Roydon Smoll, Arifuzzman Khan, Jacina Walker, Jamie McMahon, Michael Kirk, Gulam Khandaker
Summary: The study highlights the complexity of norovirus transmission within and outside child-care centers, with a high household attack rate and rapid spread. On average, each symptomatic child-care attendee likely infected another child-care attendee or household contact.
Article
Immunology
Claire P. Mattison, Molly Dunn, Mary E. Wikswo, Anita Kambhampati, Laura Calderwood, Neha Balachandran, Eleanor Burnett, Aron J. Hall
Summary: Between 2009 and 2018, numerous gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported to the US National Outbreak Reporting System, with the majority attributed to person-to-person transmission in long-term care facilities, daycares, and schools. Investigations of norovirus-negative outbreaks should include testing for adenovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John T. Schousboe, Brian L. Sprague, Linn Abraham, Ellen S. O'Meara, Tracy Onega, Shailesh Advani, Louise M. Henderson, Karen J. Wernli, Dongyu Zhang, Diana L. Miglioretti, Dejana Braithwaite, Karla Kerlikowske
Summary: The study found that extending screening mammography to age 80 may have benefits for some women, but the absolute reduction in death rates is small for women with comorbidities. Therefore, women over 75 should weigh the risks and benefits when considering screening mammography.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daniel Martak, Julia Guther, Tess D. Verschuuren, Benoit Valot, Nadine Conzelmann, Stefanie Bunk, M. Eugenia Riccio, Elena Salamanca, Alexandre Meunier, Charles P. Henriot, Caroline Pressacco Brossier, Xavier Bertrand, Ben S. Cooper, Stephan Harbarth, Evelina Tacconelli, Ad C. Fluit, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans, Silke Peter, Didier Hocquet
Summary: This study in five European cities found that food items were not the main source of ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp, as the strains from contaminated environments were genetically distinct from those in food. The findings suggest that human-to-human transmission is possibly the most frequent route of ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp transmission in high-income countries.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Doug W. Gould, James Doidge, M. Zia Sadique, Mark Borthwick, Robert Hatch, Fergus J. Caskey, Lui Forni, Robert F. Lawrence, Clare MacEwen, Marlies Ostermann, Paul R. Mouncey, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan, J. Duncan Young, Peter J. Watkinson
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and economic impact of regional citrate anticoagulation in intensive care patients. The results showed that the transition to regional citrate anticoagulation did not improve patient outcomes and may have increased costs.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, Michelle Saull, Izabella Orzechowska, Robert Darnell, Zia Sadique, Julie Lester, Kevin P. Morris, Lyvonne N. Tume, Peter J. Davis, Mark J. Peters, Richard G. Feltbower, Richard Grieve, Karen Thomas, Paul R. Mouncey, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan
Summary: This study aimed to compare high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the first-line noninvasive respiratory support following extubation in critically ill children. The results showed that HFNC did not meet the criteria for noninferiority in terms of time to liberation from respiratory support.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zia Sadique, Richard Grieve, Karla Diaz-Ordaz, Paul Mouncey, Francois Lamontagne, Stephen O'Neill
Summary: Personalizing treatment recommendations requires understanding the heterogeneity of treatment effects. Machine-learning approaches, such as causal forests, can explore this heterogeneity by considering multiple covariates. This study compares the causal forest method with parametric approaches and finds similar estimates of treatment effectiveness. The results suggest that the permissive hypotension strategy is expected to reduce mortality for most patients, but there is variability in the estimated effects.
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica King, Zia Sadique, Michael Amara, Josephine Borghi
Summary: The study found that the Ebola epidemic had a significant negative impact on the coverage of key reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health indicators in Sierra Leone, particularly in the proportion of births attended by skilled providers. However, the intensity of the epidemic did not have a significant impact on other indicators, suggesting that measures to restore staffing and trust were effective in supporting the health system to recover from Ebola.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Li Sun, Bin Cui, Xia Wei, Zia Sadique, Li Yang, Ranjit Manchanda, Rosa Legood
Summary: Unselected multigene testing for all Chinese women with breast cancer is highly cost-effective, preventing more cases of breast and ovarian cancer and reducing mortality rates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, Michelle Saull, Izabella Orzechowska, Robert Darnell, Zia Sadique, Julie Lester, Kevin P. Morris, Lyvonne N. Tume, Peter J. Davis, Mark J. Peters, Richard G. Feltbower, Richard Grieve, Karen Thomas, Paul R. Mouncey, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) compared to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the first-line mode of noninvasive respiratory support for acutely ill children. The results showed that HFNC was noninferior to CPAP in terms of time to liberation from respiratory support. Additionally, the HFNC group showed better outcomes in sedation use, duration of critical care stay, and duration of acute hospital stay.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zia Sadique, John Cairns, Kaat De Corte, Sarah Willis, Alec Miners, Nick Bansback, Richard Grieve
Summary: This article compares the estimates of relative preferences from SP questions requiring ordered categorical and discrete choice responses. The study finds that these two forms of survey questions provide similar estimates, indicating that the choice of question framing may not significantly affect the estimation of relative preferences.
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yin Mo, Mathupanee Oonsivilai, Cherry Lim, Rene Niehus, Ben Cooper
Summary: This study used mathematical modeling and meta-analysis to demonstrate that reducing antibiotic treatment duration can reduce the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The models showed that the effectiveness of shortening duration depends on the growth and decline rates of resistant bacteria under antibiotic selection pressure. The meta-analysis found that each additional day of antibiotic treatment is associated with a 7% increase in the risk of resistance carriage. These findings highlight the potential benefits and risks of shortening antibiotic treatment duration in reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alec Miners, Fiona C. Lampe, Valentina Cambiano, Achim Schwenk, Alison Rodger, Zia Sadique, Sophia Rein, Valerie Delpech, Andrew N. Phillips
Summary: This study aims to understand the healthcare activity and costs associated with caring for people living with HIV. The findings suggest that CD4 cell count and new patient status are the strongest predictors of hospital activity and costs. Demographic factors have weaker associations with costs and activity. These results can be used in future economic evaluations and budget planning.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben S. Cooper, Stephanie Evans, Yalda Jafari, Thi Mui Pham, Yin Mo, Cherry Lim, Mark G. Pritchard, Diane Pople, Victoria Hall, James Stimson, David W. Eyre, Jonathan M. Read, Christl A. Donnelly, Peter Horby, Conall Watson, Sebastian Funk, Julie V. Robotham, Gwenan M. Knight
Summary: This study uses data from acute hospitals in England to quantify hospital-based transmission of SARS-CoV-2, evaluate the pathways of spread and factors associated with increased transmission risk, and explore the wider consequences. The study estimates that between June 2020 and March 2021, 95,000 to 167,000 inpatients acquired SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals, accounting for 1% to 2% of all hospital admissions during this period.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean Cavany, Stella Nanyonga, Cathrin Hauk, Cherry Lim, Joel Tarning, Benn Sartorius, Christiane Dolecek, Celine Caillet, Paul N. Newton, Ben S. Cooper
Summary: Approximately 10% of antimicrobials used in low- and middle-income countries are substandard or falsified, which can potentially impact antimicrobial resistance levels. Our understanding of this relationship is limited, and further research is needed to understand how different drug exposures affect resistance emergence and spread, as well as the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients in substandard and falsified medicines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Doug W. Gould, James Doidge, M. Zia Sadique, Mark Borthwick, Fergus J. Caskey, Lui Forni, Robert F. Lawrence, Clare MacEwen, Paul R. Mouncey, Marlies Ostermann, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan, J. Duncan Young, Peter J. Watkinson
Summary: Acute kidney injury is common in critical illness, and renal replacement therapy is needed for severe cases. In the UK, conventional systemic heparin anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy is being replaced by regional citrate anticoagulation, but the safety and long-term effectiveness of this shift is not well-established. The Renal Replacement Anticoagulant Management (RRAM) study aims to use existing data sources to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of regional citrate anticoagulation compared to systemic heparin anticoagulation in UK ICUs.
JOURNAL OF THE INTENSIVE CARE SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, Michelle Saull, Izabella Orzechowska, Robert Darnell, Zia Sadique, Julie Lester, Kevin P. Morris, Lyvonne N. Tume, Peter J. Davis, Mark J. Peters, Richard G. Feltbower, Richard Grieve, Karen Thomas, Paul R. Mouncey, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan
Summary: Among critically ill children requiring noninvasive respiratory support following extubation, HFNC compared with CPAP following extubation failed to meet the criterion for noninferiority for time to liberation from respiratory support.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, Michelle Saull, Izabella Orzechowska, Robert Darnell, Zia Sadique, Julie Lester, Kevin P. Morris, Lyvonne N. Tume, Peter J. Davis, Mark J. Peters, Richard G. Feltbower, Richard Grieve, Karen Thomas, Paul R. Mouncey, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan
Summary: This study evaluated the noninferiority of high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) compared to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the first-line mode of noninvasive respiratory support for acutely ill children. HFNC was found to be noninferior to CPAP in terms of time to liberation from respiratory support, and also showed significant advantages in the use of sedation, duration of critical care stay, and acute hospital stay.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)