Review
Oncology
Doris S. M. Chan, Rita Vieira, Leila Abar, Dagfinn Aune, Katia Balducci, Margarita Cariolou, Darren C. Greenwood, Georgios Markozannes, Neesha Nanu, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marc J. Gunter, Alan A. Jackson, Ellen Kampman, Vivien Lund, Kate Allen, Nigel T. Brockton, Helen Croker, Daphne Katsikioti, Deirdre McGinley-Gieser, Panagiota Mitrou, Martin Wiseman, Amanda J. Cross, Elio Riboli, Steven K. Clinton, Anne McTiernan, Teresa Norat, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
Summary: A systematic review found strong evidence linking higher postdiagnosis body mass index (BMI) to increased all-cause mortality, breast cancer-specific mortality, and second primary breast cancer. Waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio, and weight change were also associated with breast cancer prognosis. Further research is needed to understand the impact of body composition on breast cancer outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matteo Di Maso, Livia S. A. Augustin, Federica Toffolutti, Carmen Stocco, Luigino Dal Maso, David J. A. Jenkins, Neil E. Fleshner, Diego Serraino, Jerry Polesel
Summary: The study found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity before diagnosis can have a beneficial impact on overall survival in prostate cancer patients, mainly driven by a reduction in non-prostate cancer mortality, which accounts for about 80% of deaths in men with prostate cancer.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Susanna C. Larsson, Nikolaos Spyrou, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: This narrative review highlights the evidence linking higher body fatness to increased risk of various cancers, with strong evidence for digestive system cancers. Both observational and Mendelian randomization studies support the associations, and pathways such as adiponectin, insulin, and sex hormones play a role in mediating the link between body fatness and cancer risk.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela Campaniello, Maria Rosaria Corbo, Milena Sinigaglia, Barbara Speranza, Angela Racioppo, Clelia Altieri, Antonio Bevilacqua
Summary: Gut microbiota plays a vital role in human health, and factors like diet and physical activity can influence its composition and functionality. Different diets and types of exercise can shape the gut microbiota, which in turn affects the health of the host.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tiantian Jia, Yufeng Liu, Yuanyuan Fan, Lintao Wang, Enshe Jiang
Summary: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women globally, and lifestyle interventions such as a healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to reduce the risk and improve outcomes. However, their implementation in at-risk and survivor populations is still limited.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Zi Lin Lim, Geok Hoon Lim, Peh Joo Ho, Alexis Jiaying Khng, Yen Shing Yeoh, Amanda Tse Woon Ong, Benita Kiat Tee Tan, Ern Yu Tan, Su-Ming Tan, Veronique Kiak-Mien Tan, Jingmei Li, Mikael Hartman
Summary: This study investigated the association between pre-diagnostic physical activity and the aggressiveness of breast cancer. The results showed that higher levels of pre-diagnostic physical activity were associated with less aggressive breast tumors, further highlighting the importance of physical activity in improving patient prognosis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patrice A. Hubert, Megan Mahoney, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Tricia M. Leahey, Valerie B. Duffy
Summary: This study aimed to investigate physical activity liking in college women and found that body size perception and dietary behaviors impact physical activity liking. It also highlighted that women who enjoy but do not actively participate in physical activity tend to have higher levels of dietary restraint and lower diet quality.
Article
Oncology
Maryam S. Farvid, Nicholas D. Spence, Bernard A. Rosner, Junaidah B. Barnett, Michelle D. Holmes
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of low-carbohydrate diets after breast cancer diagnosis on breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. The results showed that adherence to low-carbohydrate diets, especially plant-rich low-carbohydrate diets, was associated with improved overall survival but not breast cancer-specific survival.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Meng Jiang, Chang-Li Li, Xiao-Mao Luo, Zhi-Rui Chuan, Rui-Xue Chen, Chao-Ying Jin
Summary: This study aimed to develop and independently validate an MRI-based radiomics signature (Rad-Grade) to improve prognostic re-stratification of Nottingham histological grade (NHG) 2 breast cancer. A radiomics-based signature predictive of the histological grade was built using MRI image features, and NHG 2 tumors were re-stratified into Rad-Grade (RG)2-low and RG2-high subtypes. The Rad-Grade showed independent prognostic value for re-stratification of NHG 2 tumors.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula, Maria Jose Mora-Rubio, Esteban Obrero-Gaitan, Rafael Del-Pino-Casado
Summary: This systematic review with meta-analysis shows that recreational physical activity can be an interesting therapeutic tool to protect against breast cancer recurrence in female survivors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY NURSING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sarah J. Kitson, Olivia Aurangzeb, Jawaria Parvaiz, Artitaya Lophatananon, Kenneth R. Muir, Emma J. Crosbie
Summary: The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing, and an effective and low-cost prevention strategy is needed. This study found that physical activity can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer, but the effect size is small.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Justin C. C. Brown, Chao Ma, Qian Shi, Charles S. S. Fuchs, Jeffrey Meyer, Donna Niedzwiecki, Tyler Zemla, Felix Couture, Philip Kuebler, Pankaj Kumar, DeQuincy Lewis, Benjamin Tan, Smitha Krishnamurthi, Eileen M. M. O'Reilly, Anthony F. F. Shields, Jeffrey A. A. Meyerhardt
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the specific types, durations, and intensities of recreational physical activity that are associated with the greatest improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with colon cancer. The study found that engaging in larger volumes of recreational physical activity, longer durations of light-to-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, or any vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise were significantly associated with improved DFS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xinlan Xiao, Youping Yu, Qiang He, Dingde Xu, Yanbin Qi, Li Ma, Xin Deng
Summary: A lack of exercise threatens human health and weakens human capital accumulation. The relationship between exercise and income is a focal point in health economics. This study quantifies the economic returns of habitual exercise behavior using an endogenous switching regression model, and finds that regular exercise increases income and improves overall national health. The impact of individual behavior on income is influenced by national culture.
Article
Surgery
Alpa Patel, Karina S. Patel, Lauren R. Teras
Summary: Excess body fatness is associated with various health outcomes, including premature mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and different types of cancer. Expert panels have concluded that there is sufficient evidence linking excess body fatness to 13 types of cancer, including esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, meningioma, postmenopausal breast, endometrium, ovary, kidney, thyroid, and multiple myeloma. Given that these cancers account for approximately 40% of all cancers and the high prevalence of overweight or obesity in the US population, maintaining a healthy body weight throughout life is crucial for cancer prevention.
SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Teresa Nestares, Rafael Martin-Masot, Carlos de Teresa, Rocio Bonillo, Jose Maldonado, Marta Flor-Alemany, Virginia A. Aparicio
Summary: The study found that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet has a positive impact on bone health in young patients with celiac disease, while physical activity is associated with lean mass and bone density. Therefore, correctly monitoring dietary habits and physical activity levels in children with CD is crucial for improving their lean mass and bone quality.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edoardo Botteri, Giulia Peveri, Paula Berstad, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Sairah L. F. Chen, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Geir Hoff, Christina C. Dahm, Christian S. Antoniussen, Anne Tjonneland, Anne Kirstine Eriksen, Guri Skeie, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Jose Maria Huerta, Paula Jakszyn, Sophia Harlid, Bjoern Sundstroem, Aurelio Barricarte, Evelyn M. Monninkhof, Jeroen W. G. Derksen, Matthias B. Schulze, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Maria-Jose Sanchez, Amanda J. Cross, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Maria Santucci De Magistris, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena Katzke, Joseph A. Rothwell, Nasser Laouali, Gianluca Severi, Pilar Amiano, Paolo Contiero, Carlotta Sacerdote, Marcel Goldberg, Mathilde Touvier, Heinz Freisling, Vivian Viallon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Elio Riboli, Marc J. Gunter, Mazda Jenab, Pietro Ferrari
Summary: This study investigated the impact of changes in lifestyle habits on the risk of colorectal cancer. The results showed that adhering to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, while not adhering to a healthy lifestyle was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jarle Saeby Dybvik, Mette Svendsen, Dagfinn Aune
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found an association between vegetarian diets and reduced risk of CVD and IHD, but not stroke. Further studies are needed on stroke risk among vegetarians.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Doris S. M. Chan, Rita Vieira, Leila Abar, Dagfinn Aune, Katia Balducci, Margarita Cariolou, Darren C. Greenwood, Georgios Markozannes, Neesha Nanu, Nerea Becerra-Tomas, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marc J. Gunter, Alan A. Jackson, Ellen Kampman, Vivien Lund, Kate Allen, Nigel T. Brockton, Helen Croker, Daphne Katsikioti, Deirdre McGinley-Gieser, Panagiota Mitrou, Martin Wiseman, Amanda J. Cross, Elio Riboli, Steven K. Clinton, Anne McTiernan, Teresa Norat, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
Summary: A systematic review found strong evidence linking higher postdiagnosis body mass index (BMI) to increased all-cause mortality, breast cancer-specific mortality, and second primary breast cancer. Waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio, and weight change were also associated with breast cancer prognosis. Further research is needed to understand the impact of body composition on breast cancer outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mojgan Amiri, Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi, Auke J. C. F. Verkaar, Yahong Wu, Anniek C. van Westing, Kirsten A. Berk, Wichor M. Bramer, Dagfinn Aune, Trudy Voortman
Summary: This study investigates the association between circulating lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and risk of mortality in the general population and in patients with chronic diseases. The results indicate that higher levels of Lp(a) are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The study suggests that measuring Lp(a) levels at least once in each adult person's lifetime may be beneficial in identifying individuals at higher risk of mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dagfinn Aune, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Elsa Kobeissi, Tingting Feng, Alicia K. K. Heath, Imre Janszky
Summary: The association between elevated blood pressure and hypertension with atrial fibrillation varies among studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that individuals with hypertension had a 1.5-fold higher risk of atrial fibrillation compared to those without hypertension. Additionally, each 20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with a 1.18-fold increased risk, and each 10 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a 1.07-fold increased risk. These findings suggest that both elevated blood pressure and hypertension increase the risk of atrial fibrillation, even within the normal range of blood pressure.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoyan Wang, Ruiyi Tian, Xiaoyu Zong, Myung Sik Jeon, Jingqin Luo, Graham A. Colditz, Jean S. Wang, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Yo -El S. Ju, Ramaswamy Govindan, Varun Puri, Yin Cao
Summary: Sleep behaviors, such as excessive sleep and daytime napping, are associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Poor sleep habits are also linked to a higher risk of this cancer, independent of genetic risk.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Catalina Bonet, Marta Crous-Bou, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Marc J. Gunter., Rudolf Kaaks., Matthias. B. Schulze, Renee T. Fortner, Christian S. Antoniussen, Christina C. Dahm, Lene Mellemkjaer, Anne Tjonneland, Pilar Amiano, Eva Ardanaz, Sandra M. Colorado-Yohar, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Sandar Tin Tin, Claudia Agnoli, Giovanna Masala, Salvatore Panico, Carlotta Sacerdote, Anne M. May, Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Charlotta Rylander, Guri Skeie, Sofia Christakoudi, Dagfinn Aune, Elisabete Weiderpass, Laure Dossus, Elio Riboli, Antonio Agudo
Summary: The study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among BC survivors. The results showed that excess body fatness is linked to poorer survival in women with BC, and substantial weight changes postdiagnosis may contribute to poorer survival.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aris Bechlioulis, Georgios Markozannes, Ifigeneia Chionidi, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Katerina K. Naka, Evangelia E. Ntzani, Stavros Liatis, Manfredi Rizzo, Evangelos C. Rizos
Summary: This study compared the effects of empagliflozin, liraglutide, and their sequential combination on arterial stiffness indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that neither empagliflozin nor liraglutide, nor their combination, had a significant favorable impact on arterial stiffness indices.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Myrto Koutsonida, Fotios Koskeridis, Georgios Markozannes, Afroditi Kanellopoulou, Abdou Mousas, Evangelos Ntotsikas, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Eleni Aretouli, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. The results showed that metabolic syndrome was associated with lower performance in attention and memory, possibly due to elevated fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. This study highlights the importance of addressing cognitive decline and dementia risk in middle-aged individuals.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Joanna L. Clasen, Rachel Cole, Dagfinn Aune, Edward Sellon, Alicia K. Heath
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis did not find evidence of an association between 25(OH)D and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there was between-study heterogeneity and a lack of precision in the results. Large-scale prospective studies and genetically randomized trials are needed to determine the involvement of vitamin D in the etiology of RA.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yik Weng Yew, Theresia Mina, Hong Kiat Ng, Benjamin Chih Chiang Lam, Elio Riboli, Eng Sing Lee, Jimmy Lee, Joanne Ngeow, Paul Elliott, Steven Tien Guan Thng, John C. Chambers, Marie Loh
Summary: This study aims to establish the association between obesity and skin physiology measurements and investigates whether obesity may play a possible causal role on skin barrier dysfunction. The results show a strong association between BMI and TEWL and skin pH, with suggestive evidence of a possible causal relationship. It highlights the potential impact of obesity on skin barrier function and the opportunity for prevention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Sofia Christakoudi, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Evangelos Evangelou, Elio Riboli
Summary: In men, platelet count is positively associated with lung cancer risk, while platelet size is inversely associated, with these associations being affected by obesity. In women, only platelet count is positively associated with lung cancer risk, with little evidence of interaction with obesity.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
