Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuping Zhang, Jiaxing Wang, Lei Ye, Sha Li, Yinhai Su, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: In this study, a biochar supported Fe-Mo carbides catalyst was successfully synthesized using impregnation method combined with in-situ carbothermal reduction from abundant biomass raw materials. It was found that the addition of Mo species promoted the formation of Fe3C active sites on the surface of Fe particles, which further etched the carbon support with an abundant mesoporous structure. The catalyst showed high tar cracking efficiency and could be regenerated under N2 atmosphere to overcome coke deposition and metal oxidation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fan Lin, Mengze Xu, Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy, Zhenglong Li, Jordan Lee Klinger, Joshua A. Schaidle, Huamin Wang
Summary: The article discusses the challenges faced by biomass conversion technologies, specifically in terms of catalyst deactivation and mitigation. It highlights the unique properties of biomass-derived feedstocks that cause catalyst deactivation and provides information on potential mitigation approaches to guide the design of robust catalysts and processes for biomass conversion.
Article
Thermodynamics
Shilin Du, Rui Shu, Feiqiang Guo, Songbo Mao, Jiaming Bai, Lin Qian, Chengyun Xin
Summary: In this study, porous coal char-based catalysts were prepared using coal gangue and lignite with high metals content for biomass tar decomposition. The CO2 etching and metal exposure improved the catalysts' porosity, enhancing adsorption and contact with reactants. The coal gangue char prepared at 800 degrees C exhibited the highest catalytic activity. At a reforming temperature of 700 degrees C, CG-800 achieved a high tar conversion efficiency and total syngas yield.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuping Zhang, Yizhe Shang, Jiaxing Wang, He Chen, Yuanquan Xiong, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: A char-supported NiFe-NiFe2O4 catalyst was developed for efficient catalytic cracking of tar from biomass at a relatively low temperature. The optimized f600Fe-Ni@Char catalyst achieved a high tar conversion efficiency of 92.54% at 600 degrees C and maintained stable catalytic activity of approximately 80% after initial 3 cycles. The superior catalytic behavior of the catalyst was attributed to the protective effect of carbon nanofibers shell layer and the activation effect of NiFe-NiFe2O4 hybrid active sites. This study provides useful information for solving the bottleneck derived from tar in biomass gasification.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ziwei Guo, Ge Bai, Bing Huang, Nan Cai, Pengran Guo, Liang Chen
Summary: A novel catalyst RM-BC(HP) was synthesized using red mud and coconut shells through hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis at 800 degrees C. The catalyst showed high efficiency in degrading dyes and antibiotics, indicating promising applications in water treatment.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Beile Tian, Shilin Du, Feiqiang Guo, Yichen Dong, Songbo Mao, Lin Qian, Qi Liu
Summary: This study prepared biomimetic monolithic biochar-based catalysts with 3D porous structure through simple impregnation and carbonization, and further explored their catalytic performance on biomass pyrolysis tar decomposition. The catalysts achieved a structure with regular flow-through channels during biomass carbonization, which reduced diffusion steps and effectively minimized coke deposition and aggregation of Ni particles. The catalysts exhibited high activity and good stability for biomass tar decomposition, showing potential for fuel gas production from biomass.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maria Cortazar, Jon Alvarez, Leire Olazar, Laura Santamaria, Gartzen Lopez, Heidi Isabel Villafan-Vidales, Asier Asueta, Martin Olazar
Summary: The performance of olivine, dolomite, and gamma-alumina primary catalysts was evaluated in continuous tar elimination process. Iron incorporation improved their catalytic activity, with Fe/Al2O3 exhibiting the highest conversion and stability.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahmad Galadima, Ahmad Masudi, Oki Muraza
Summary: The paper discusses the potential technology of biomass valorization through catalytic gasification, focusing on the removal of generated tar. It reports updates on catalyst development for tar reduction, covering various materials and their impact on reaction activity and stability. Further areas for investigation are also identified in the review.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Haoqi Jia, Yi Xing, Liguo Zhang, Wenbo Zhang, Jiaqing Wang, Hui Zhang, Wei Su
Summary: This paper focuses on six common chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) and discusses various behavioral mechanisms in the catalytic process, including catalyst selection, factors affecting catalytic effect, changes in catalytic behavior with different gases, catalyst poisoning deactivation behavior, degradation products, and degradation mechanisms. It provides guidance for further development of low-temperature and efficient CVOCs catalysts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
HuaLun Zhu, Ziyin Chen, Laura Pastor-Perez, Xiangyi Long, Marcos Millan
Summary: Tar removal by catalytic steam reforming is important in gasification hot gas treatment. The effect of a full syngas mixture on this reaction has not been comprehensively investigated. This study analyzes the effect of each component and their combinations on steam reforming of toluene as a biomass gasification tar model. The presence of H2 and CH4 promotes catalyst deactivation, while CO and CO2 have minor inhibitory effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qunqing Lin, Shuping Zhang, Jiaxing Wang, Haoxin Yin
Summary: This study reported the directional construction of modified char-supported Ni-Fe catalyst for strengthening tar cracking, which showed superior catalytic performance at optimized temperature, significantly reducing the relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in residue tar and exhibiting high activity for the cleavage of tar macromolecules. The results are expected to establish the theory foundation and construction method of char-supported Ni-Fe catalyst for tar catalytic cracking in the industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuping Zhang, Haoxin Yin, Jiaxing Wang, Shuguang Zhu, Yuanquan Xiong
Summary: The study synthesized novel Ni nanoparticles embedded carbon nanofiber/porous carbon catalysts for catalytic cracking of biomass tar, which exhibited favorable catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst showed a good activity-structure relationship, effectively inhibiting coke deposition and sintering of metallic Ni.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongliang Sun, Dongdong Feng, Yu Zhang, Shaozeng Sun, Yijun Zhao, Feng Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the coke accumulation characteristics in catalytic tar reforming using different K and Ca-loaded biochar catalysts. The results indicate that K-loaded biochar exhibits a higher tar conversion capacity, while H-form biochar has a lower tar removal efficiency. The loading of K/Ca affects the growth structure of the coke, with K-loaded biochar retaining a higher micropore area and experiencing a smaller increase in average pore size. Furthermore, the loading of K promotes the dehydrogenation of tar components, while only K catalyzes the deoxygenation of tar components. These findings are important for improving the efficiency and selectivity of tar reforming.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Armel Nganda, Pankaj Srivastava, Bhawna Yadav Lamba, Ashok Pandey, Manish Kumar
Summary: This paper summarizes the use of catalysts in fuel production from biomass and polymeric waste to obtain an alternative energy source that is both environmentally friendly and economically viable. Specifically, biochar, red mud bentonite, and calcium oxide have been found to be effective catalysts in waste-to-fuel conversion processes. The paper also discusses the fabrication and modification technologies of these catalysts and provides an overview of their structural and chemical attributes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yiming Wang, Yang Li, Guijin Wang, Jialong Zhu, He Yang, Lijun Jin, Song Hu, Haoquan Hu
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic upgrading of coal pyrolysis volatiles using nickel catalysts supported on red mud. The results show that the loading of nickel improves the physical and chemical properties of red mud, resulting in improved tar quality and decreased content of heavy components.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.