Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jian Chu, Chun Chen, Xijian Li, Libing Yu, Wenjing Li, Mengxi Cheng, Wei Tang, Zhonghua Xiong
Summary: A one-step preparation method for Pb2+-responsive pure DNA hydrogel material was developed in this study to achieve a new label-free strategy for Pb2+ biosensing.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jinpeng Liu, Yanhui Bi, Wenjun Tai, Yong Wei, Qiang Zhang, Anna Liu, Qiongzheng Hu, Li Yu
Summary: Due to the serious risks of lead pollution to human health, a simple, inexpensive, portable, and user-friendly paper-based distance sensor is developed to detect Pb2+ in environmental samples. The detected Pb2+ can activate DNAzyme to cleave its substrate strand, resulting in the hydrolysis of DNA hydrogel and the release of water molecules. The released water molecules can flow along the patterned pH paper, and the water flow distance is significantly influenced by the Pb2+ concentration. This method allows for quantitative and in-field detection of Pb2+ with a LOD of 3.0 nM, and it works well in lake water and tap water.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shaowei Liu, Yumeng Yang, Mengqin Shi, Hai Shi, Dongsheng Mao, Xiaoxia Mao, Yuanguang Zhang
Summary: In this study, a portable smartphone-based DNAzyme hydrogel platform was developed for the detection of cfDNA. The platform showed high sensitivity and visibility, making it a promising tool for testing other nucleic acid biomarkers in the future.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Md Imran Hossain, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda, Sooheon Cho, Bom Lee, Bum Jun Kim, Jae-Young Choi, Dong Kee Yi
Summary: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an effective technique for label-free detection of biomolecules with enhanced sensitivity. In this study, we investigated the electrostatic interactions of bacterial samples with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and graphene, and established a voltage-gated 3D graphene functionalized with an AuNR-based device for SERS measurements. Our fabricated device provides a label-free, rapid, and reproducible analysis of bacterial samples based on the density of AuNRs when functionalizing flake-like 3D graphene, offering great potential for label-free bacteria sensing platforms.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kangyan Yi, Yi Yu, Shiyi Tan, Jinzheng Zhang, Tingyan Ye, Nannan Liu, Xingxing Tang, Lijie Zhang, Shaoming Huang
Summary: Carbon nanotube biosensor is a low-cost, fast detection speed, small size, and good biocompatibility DNA detection device. Researchers have developed a new strategy gap device using gold nanorods assembled in single-walled carbon nanotubes to detect DNA. The device is based on the desorption reaction of the target DNA on the probe DNA on the gold nanorods, and different detection limits can be obtained by adjusting the electrode gap.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jingying Yang, Mingfei Pan, Kaixin Liu, Xiaoqian Xie, Shan Wang, Liping Hong, Shuo Wang
Summary: A core-shell AuNRs@Ag-enhanced and magnetic separation-assisted SERS immunosensing platform was developed for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of amantadine contaminant in animal-derived foods. By utilizing a competitive strategy and SERS technology, the platform significantly enhanced detection sensitivity and stability, with the entire process completed in just 30 minutes.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yang Lu, Yiyue Yu, Yeru Wang, Wenbo Zhou, Ziyi Cheng, Liandong Yu, Shaojiang Zheng, Rongke Gao
Summary: In this study, a microfluidic chip based on SERS technology was developed for precise detection of miRNA. By utilizing MCASS as the SERS substrate and combining DNAzyme walker amplification technology with SERS nanoprobes, high sensitivity detection of miR-141 was achieved.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xia Zhong, Yunrui Li, Yuanyuan Chang, Ruo Yuan, Yaqin Chai
Summary: A novel 3D DNAzyme motor was designed for sensitive detection of target DNA. It overcame the limitations of traditional DNAzyme-powered machines and provided a reference for assembling various functional 3D DNA machines in the future.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Min Hou, Xiang Yin, Jianhui Jiang, Jianjun He
Summary: The physically cross-linked DNAzyme-based hydrogel strategy enables specific envelopment and release of targeted cancer cells, allowing for enrichment and subsequent applications. This method offers an attractive approach for isolating viable cancer cells from various cell mixtures for downstream applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuqiu He, Qing Wang, Chen Hong, Ruomeng Li, Jinhua Shang, Shanshan Yu, Xiaoqing Liu, Fuan Wang
Summary: Synthetic catalytic DNA circuits have potential for sensitive intracellular imaging, but their selectivity and efficiency are limited by off-site signal leakage and inefficient on-site activation. An endogenously activated DNAzyme strategy was integrated with a catalytic DNA circuit for selective and efficient microRNA imaging in vivo. The on-site modulation strategy allows these circuits to be expanded in biological systems.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wanqing Xu, Xueqi Leng, Tong Jin, Su Liu, Yu Wang, Jiadong Huang
Summary: A facile and rapid SERS strategy for S. typhimurium detection based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) self-assembled G-quadruplex DNAzyme (GQH DNAzyme)-controlled plasmonic coupling was developed. The proposed SERS strategy can quantify S. typhimurium with a wide linear range and a low detection limit, and exhibited preeminent detection performance in spiked samples.
Article
Biophysics
Lu-Ying Duan, Jin-Wen Liu, Ru-Qin Yu, Jian-Hui Jiang
Summary: DNA molecular probes are powerful tools for fluorescence imaging of miRNAs in living cells. A novel DNA nanomachine has been developed to amplify sensing and imaging of tumor-related miR-21 with dynamic responses, excellent sensitivity and selectivity. This nanoplatform shows potential for accurate monitoring of miR-21 expression levels for tumor diagnosis and biological research.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huaixin Zhao, Zhili Zhang, Duo Zuo, Linghui Li, Feng Li, Dayong Yang
Summary: A DNA-polydopamine-MnO2 nanocomplex was developed for near-infrared light-powered catalytic activity of DNAzyme in vivo. The complex can enhance Egr-1 mRNA cleavage activity of DNAzyme, leading to downregulation of Egr-1 protein in tumor cells and achieving a synergistic tumor ablation effect through heat stress induction.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Lianyu Yu, Sha Yang, Zeyu Liu, Xiaopei Qiu, Xiaoqi Tang, Shuang Zhao, Hanqing Xu, Mingxuan Gao, Jing Bao, Ligai Zhang, Dan Luo, Kai Chang, Ming Chen
Summary: In this study, an integrative DNA tetrahedral nanomachine was self-assembled for the sensitive detection and negative feedback regulation of intracellular miRNAs. The nanomachine exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity, and demonstrated the ability to synchronously regulate target cells. It has promising applications in the early diagnosis and tailored management of cancers.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Yifan Liu, Peng Zhu, Jin Huang, Hailun He, Changbei Ma, Kemin Wang
Summary: DNA, as a versatile and programmable biomolecule, combined with functional DNAs and DNA nanostructures, has shown significant advantages in various fields, such as biosensing, bioimaging, and disease treatment, and holds great potential for future applications.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
De Gao, Feng Han, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Yan Li, Lili Zhang
Summary: In this study, inexpensive and durable catalysts for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) were discovered. The catalysts, NiFeS and NiFeP-400, were prepared through hydrothermal sulfidation and thermal phosphidation, respectively. Both catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and stability, achieving 100% HMF conversion and selectivities above 82%. These findings suggest that metal sulfide-based and metal phosphide-based catalysts are promising alternatives to noble metal-based catalysts for the valorization of bio-derived HMF.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Ng, Vedran Jovic, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, John Kennedy
Summary: Methanol production from CO2 and H-2 has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to current production methods. Researchers are seeking photothermal catalysts to achieve optimal reaction temperatures for CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. Although promising catalysts have been discovered, the production rates of methanol using photothermal catalysis are still modest compared to thermochemical catalysis routes. This review summarizes recent progress in the field and explores strategies for higher CO2 conversion rates and higher CH3OH yields in the future.
EMERGENT MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yinghui Xie, You Wu, Xiaolu Liu, Mengjie Hao, Zhongshan Chen, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Xiangke Wang, Hui Yang, Shengqian Ma
Summary: This study presents a new design of COF adsorbents with assistant groups for enhanced uranium binding. COF-R-5 exhibits exceptional selectivity for uranium and shows fast adsorption kinetics and high uptake capacity. The developed uranium nanotraps strategy has great potential for large-scale uranium extraction.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiqi Wu, Ruian Du, Peng Wang, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Jia Li, Yongcai Qiu, Keyou Yan, Yun Zhao, Wei-Wei Zhao, Hsin-Jung Tsai, Meng-Cheng Chen, Sung-Fu Hung, Xue Wang, Guangxu Chen
Summary: By thermally reducing Cu2O nanocubes under a CO atmosphere, a Cu2O-Cu nanocube hybrid catalyst (Cu2O(CO)) with a high density of Cu0/Cu+ interfaces, abundant nanograin boundaries with Cu(100) facets, and Cu[n(100)x(110)] step sites is successfully prepared. The Cu2O(CO) electrocatalyst exhibits a high C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 77.4% (56.6% for ethylene) during CO2 reduction under industrial current density of 500 mA/cm2, indicating the enhanced selectivity and productivity of C2+ products through surface and interface engineering.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shujun Liu, Xianqiang Gao, Hai Fan, Mengting Zhang, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Shuhua Zhu
Summary: Novel food packaging films containing chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and porous graphitic carbon nitride were successfully prepared. The addition of porous graphitic carbon nitride improved the mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of the chitosan-based films. The films showed promising potential for low-cost antimicrobial packaging applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Minjie Wang, Li Wang, Qingbin Li, Dan Wang, Liu Yang, Yongjun Han, Yuan Ren, Gang Tian, Xiaoyang Zheng, Muwei Ji, Caizhen Zhu, Lishan Peng, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse
Summary: Fe-N-C catalysts with specific Fe coordination (FeN5) demonstrate high activity and stability for the ORR. Density functional theory calculations confirm that FeN5 coordination optimizes the adsorption and desorption of ORR intermediates, leading to lower energy barrier. A primary ZAB using Fe-N-C catalyst with FeN5 sites exhibits state-of-the-art performance. The results highlight the importance of Fe coordination and oxidation state in Fe-N-C catalysts for ORR activity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruian Du, Qiqi Wu, Shiyi Zhang, Peng Wang, Zhengjian Li, Yongcai Qiu, Keyou Yan, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Pei Wang, Jia Li, Yun Zhao, Wei-Wei Zhao, Xue Wang, Guangxu Chen
Summary: Efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products can be achieved by modulating the surface and interfacial structures of Cu catalysts and the solid-gas-liquid interfaces on gas-diffusion electrodes in CO2 reduction flow cells. In this study, a CuO nanosheet/graphene oxide dots hybrid was used for in situ electrochemical reduction, leading to high selectivity (up to 77.4% for C2+ hydrocarbons) with the presence of abundant Cu+ species and Cu-0/Cu+ interfaces. The improved adsorption and surface coverage of *CO on the Cu catalyst facilitated C-C coupling reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yanhua Liu, Xuan Wang, Xianghua Zeng, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Xiaohui Jiang, Zhiming Zhang, Liangmin Yu
Summary: An antifouling solid lead ion selective electrode was prepared by adding an environmentally friendly capsaicin derivative into the ion-selective membrane, which maintained the detection performance and exhibited excellent antifouling effect.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaofeng Zhang, Zhenhua Liang, Geoffrey Ivan Neil Waterhouse, Shengjun Jiang, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Jinmei Wang, Changyang Ma, Wenyi Kang
Summary: This study reports the isolation of a polysaccharide (RCJ2-Ib) from Rosa Chinensis Flos, which exhibits significant anticoagulant activity and the ability to maintain intestinal environment.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shikai Zhang, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Tingting Cui, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Peng Wu
Summary: Three pectin fractions (WSF, CSF, and NSF) were obtained from Chinese dwarf cherry fruits, which showed desirable properties and can be used as food additives/ingredients and dietary supplements.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yusong Dong, Fujisaka Ai, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Kei-ichiro Murai, Toshihiro Moriga, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse
Summary: Colloidal crystal templating is a versatile method for synthesizing inverse opal photonic crystals. In this study, tantalum oxide inverse opal thin films and powders were successfully fabricated using the colloidal crystal templating method. The films and powders showed structural color and the position of the photonic band gap increased linearly with the diameter of the macropores and the refractive index of the filling medium. Thermal ammonolysis of the tantalum oxide films resulted in well-ordered Ta3N5 inverse opals with high specific surface areas and a semiconductor band gap. These Ta3N5 inverse opals exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to conventional powder photocatalysts.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Chen, Jing Sui, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Zhiming Zhang, Liangmin Yu
Summary: Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials with high microwave absorption ability were successfully prepared using a template-free method. The introduction of heteroatoms created defective carbon structures. The F,N,S-C absorber exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties, including an RLmin of -38.0 dB at 13.2 GHz (2.5 mm thickness) and an EAB of 6.3 GHz from 11.7-18 GHz (2.0 mm thickness) with only 9.0 wt% filler.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Chen, Jing Sui, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Zhiming Zhang, Liangmin Yu
Summary: In this study, (Fe0.64Ni0.36 @C/Mo2C@C)@N - C composites were prepared by mixing nickel molybdate, potassium ferricyanide, and dopamine to form a precursor which was subsequently carbonized. The composites showed excellent microwave absorption properties.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changchun Ye, Zhenghui Pan, Qinghua Zhang, Fang Yin, Yanan Wang, Yifei Li, Guangxu Chen, Jia Li, Yongcai Qiu, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Lin Gu, Zhang Lin, Lin Guo
Summary: A facile synthesis route for heterostructured metal oxides via quenching-induced structural transformation was developed. Multiple quenching triggered the transformation from NiMoO4 to NiFe2O4, creating a novel heterostructure, and the pre-quenching generated disordered defect structure can promote subsequent quenching regulation.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuyi Du, Shikai Zhang, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Tao Zhou, Fangzhou Xu, Ranran Wang, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Peng Wu
Summary: Sustainable innovation aims to find more energy-efficient processes for producing highly demanded products from industrial by-products. This study compares two processes for extracting pectins from citrus peel and finds that using high-intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) pretreatment can increase pectin yield and production efficiency while reducing energy consumption.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.