Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ludovic Giloteaux, Jiayin Li, Mady Hornig, W. Ian Lipkin, David Ruppert, Maureen R. R. Hanson
Summary: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by unexplained fatigue and other symptoms. This study found increased levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and IL2 cytokine in plasma of ME/CFS patients. The correlations between specific proteins and clinical data suggest immune response and hemostasis dysfunctions in ME/CFS.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebekah Maksoud, Cassandra Balinas, Sean Holden, Helene Cabanas, Donald Staines, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
Summary: There is currently insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of mitochondrial-targeting nutraceuticals in treating ME/CFS patients. Future well-designed studies are needed to clarify the involvement of mitochondria in the pathomechanism of ME/CFS and the impact of mitochondrial-modifying agents on illness severity.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brett A. Lidbury
Summary: Ross River virus (RRV) is an endemic Australian arbovirus belonging to the Alphavirus family, with strong immune evasion capabilities that may be related to the pathogenesis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME).
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhen Shen, Zhangjin Shen, Conghui Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Lingfang Wang, Lele Ye, Songfa Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng
Summary: In this study, a method for extracting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues was optimized to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the phenotypes, contents, and biological functions of the extracted EVs. The results showed that cryopreservation affected the yield and distribution of EVs, but not their morphology or particle mass ratio. The storage of tissues at -80°C increased both small and large EV yields, while the storage of lysates at -80°C decreased large EV yield and increased small EV yield. The cryopreserved EOC tissue retained a high percentage of proteins and miRNAs, and the extracted EVs could promote angiogenesis and invasive migration ability in human endothelial cells. This suggests that cryopreserved EOC tissue has clinical value for studying tissue-derived EVs, especially those related to EV proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joan Carles Domingo, Begona Cordobilla, Roser Ferrer, Marina Giralt, Jose Alegre-Martin, Jesus Castro-Marrero
Summary: ME/CFS patients exhibit alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as associations between FGF21 and NT-proBNP proteins and inflammation. These findings suggest potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ME/CFS.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bindu D. Paul, Marian D. Lemle, Anthony L. Komaroff, Solomon H. Snyder
Summary: The review summarizes evidence of biological abnormalities in patients with acute COVID-19 and ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, impaired ATP generation, and general hypometabolism. Although these phenomena have not been extensively studied in individuals with long COVID-19, understanding these abnormalities may lead to the development of novel therapeutics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fischer, Elisabeth Deindl
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for cell-to-cell communication by delivering various RNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. Different types of EVs, including exosomes, cell surface-derived EVs, and apoptotic bodies, contain different RNA species and can be isolated, quantified, and characterized using specific methods.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fatih Inci
Summary: Isolating nanoparticles from complex fluids is crucial in various fields, and a microfluidic device with integrated filters has been developed to achieve multiple uses for separating exosomes from cell culture media.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebekah Maksoud, Chandi Magawa, Natalie Eaton-Fitch, Kiran Thapaliya, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
Summary: This systematic review aimed to evaluate potential biomarkers that could effectively differentiate ME/CFS patients from healthy controls. A total of 101 studies were included, and potential biomarkers ranged from genetic/epigenetic, immunological, metabolomics/mitochondrial/microbiome, endovascular/circulatory, neurological, ion channel, to physical dysfunction biomarkers. The findings indicated evidence of immune dysfunction in ME/CFS and the use of lymphocytes as a model to investigate the pathomechanism of the illness.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiu Yee Kwan, Minting Chen, Keyang Xu, Baisen Chen
Summary: This article critically reviews the impact of obesity on the exosomal cargo contents and the biogenesis of adipocyte-derived exosomes. It also discusses the differences in exosomal contents in different adipose depots, as well as the impact of obesity on exosomes derived from stromal vascular fraction components. The review also touches upon the development and potential application of exosome-based therapy for obesity and its comorbidities.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nekane Romero-Garcia, Javier Huete-Acevedo, Cristina Mas-Bargues, Jorge Sanz-Ros, Mar Dromant, Consuelo Borras
Summary: The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Loredana Leggio, Francesca L'Episcopo, Andrea Magri, Maria Jose Ulloa-Navas, Greta Paterno, Silvia Vivarelli, Carlos A. P. Bastos, Cataldo Tirolo, Nunzio Testa, Salvatore Caniglia, Pierpaolo Risiglione, Fabrizio Pappalardo, Alessandro Serra, Patricia Garcia-Tarraga, Nuno Faria, Jonathan J. Powell, Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti, Stefano Pluchino, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Angela Messina, Bianca Marchetti, Nunzio Iraci
Summary: Extracellular vesicles released by astrocytes in the brain of Parkinson's disease patients play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and have neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons. Nigrostriatal astrocytes release the highest number of EVs, especially in response to CCL3, which promotes dopaminergic neuroprotection. These EVs specifically protect differentiated cells from oxidative stress-induced caspase-3 activation and restore impaired mitochondrial function caused by the neurotoxin MPP+. EVs from VMB-astrocytes fully restore ATP production in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Rafaella A. Goncalves, Fernanda G. De Felice
Summary: This article explores the impact of molecules in the peripheral circulation on cognitive function, specifically examining how they can reach the brain and interact with it through various pathways. Understanding the mechanisms of blood-borne molecule transport to the CNS is crucial for developing minimally invasive strategies to deliver therapeutic drugs for neurological disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Chen Jia, Yi-Xuan Ding, Wen-Tong Mei, Yu-Ting Wang, Zhi Zheng, Yuan-Xu Qu, Kuo Liang, Jia Li, Feng Cao, Fei Li
Summary: Comprehensive reviews and large population-based cohort studies have significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of pancreatitis. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, in pancreatitis has shown potential for identifying cell-to-cell communication and influencing the disease's development and progression. Plasma exosomes of acute pancreatitis can reach the alveolar cavity and activate alveolar macrophages to cause acute lung injury, suggesting their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon Scheck, Emily S. J. Paterson, Claire E. E. Henry
Summary: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that has negative impacts on quality of life and fertility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the development of endometriosis and have potential for diagnosis and treatment. However, there are challenges in standardizing EV isolation techniques and reporting, as well as comparing studies due to variations in patient population and sample collection methods.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
