Article
Food Science & Technology
Filio Petsini, Agathi Ntzouvani, Maria Detopoulou, Vasiliki D. Papakonstantinou, Nick Kalogeropoulos, Elizabeth Fragopoulou, Tzortzis Nomikos, Meropi D. Kontogianni, Smaragdi Antonopoulou
Summary: Eating farmed fish fed with an olive-pomace enriched diet affects PAF metabolism and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, but has similar effects to conventionally fed farmed fish.
Article
Immunology
Emilio Nunez-Borque, Sergio Fernandez-Bravo, Pablo Rodriguez Del Rio, Lucia Palacio-Garcia, Angela Di Giannatale, Virginia Di Paolo, Angela Galardi, Marta Colletti, Luisa Pascucci, Jaime Tome-Amat, Javier Cuesta-Herranz, Maria Dolores Ibanez-Sandin, Jose Julio Laguna, Alberto Benito-Martin, Vanesa Esteban
Summary: This study investigates the involvement of miRNAs in anaphylactic reactions and their potential as biomarkers. The researchers found differential expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in patients with anaphylaxis, particularly miR-375-3p. Functional and molecular experiments demonstrated that miR-375-3p plays a negative role in the stability of the endothelial barrier. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anaphylactic reactions and suggest the potential of miR-375-3p as a biomarker.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Madison C. B. Paton, Megan Finch-Edmondson, Russell C. Dale, Michael C. Fahey, Claudia A. Nold-Petry, Marcel F. Nold, Alexandra R. Griffin, Iona Novak
Summary: Research has shown that inflammation plays a role in brain injury and the development of cerebral palsy (CP). It is believed that inflammation may persist as a comorbidity in CP, contributing to ongoing functional impairments. Studies have found significant differences in inflammatory markers between CP patients and controls, particularly cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. These differences in inflammation may also vary among different subgroups of CP. Further research is needed to fully understand the complexity of inflammation and its long-term effects.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Anke Baranowsky, Jessika Appelt, Christian Kleber, Tobias Lange, Peter Ludewig, Denise Jahn, Puja Pandey, Daniela Keller, Thomas Rose, Daniela Schetler, Sonja Braumuller, Markus Huber-Lang, Serafeim Tsitsilonis, Timur Yorgan, Karl-Heinz Frosch, Michael Amling, Thorsten Schinke, Johannes Keller
Summary: Procalcitonin has a moderate but harmful effect on disease progression in experimental septic shock, and is positively correlated with systemic interleukin-17A levels in patients with post-traumatic sepsis. The study suggests the relevance of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor for procalcitonin signaling, indicating a potential therapeutic application for calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitors in sepsis.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Knut Brockow, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Magdalena Lange, Boguslaw Nedoszytko, Marek Niedoszytko, Peter Valent
Summary: Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by the pathological accumulation of mast cells in various organs. Symptoms include skin lesions, itching, flushing, and possible blistering, with pediatric patients possibly also experiencing gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological symptoms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Valerie A. Cruz Flores, Hemant Menghani, Pranab K. Mukherjee, Luis Marrero, Andre Obenaus, Quan Dang, Larissa Khoutorova, Madigan M. Reid, Ludmila Belayev, Nicolas G. Bazan
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with low survival rates. Traditional treatments have limited efficacy, and emerging therapies targeting tumor growth pathways show promise as potential options.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yue Liao, Susann Badmann, Fabian Kraus, Nicole Elisabeth Topalov, Doris Mayr, Thomas Kolben, Anna Hester, Susanne Beyer, Sven Mahner, Udo Jeschke, Fabian Trillsch, Bastian Czogalla, Alexander Burges
Summary: This study investigates the role of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7/PAF-AH) in the Wnt signaling pathway in BRCA1 mutant breast cancer. The results show significantly higher nuclear expression levels of PAF-AH in BRCA1 mutant tissue specimens, which correlates with membranous beta-catenin. PLA2G7 silencing leads to translocation of beta-catenin from the membrane to the nucleus and activation of Wnt signaling downstream genes. These findings suggest a protective effect of high PAF-AH expression in BRCA1 mutant breast cancer through negative regulation of the Wnt pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Preeti Gupta, Rachna Agarwal, Sruthi Bhaskaran, Seema Garg, Mohit Mehndiratta, Gita Radhakrishnan, Alpana Singh, Richa Agarwal, Divya Narang
Summary: The study found significantly higher plasma PAF-AH activity levels in preeclamptic patients compared to normotensive controls, while mRNA expression of the PAF-AH gene showed no significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that PAF-AH may play a role in the pathophysiology and severity of preeclampsia. Additionally, further research with larger sample sizes may be needed to confirm this association and explore the potential therapeutic use of PAF-AH inhibitors in the future.
JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linyue Dong, Yiming Li, Huali Wu
Summary: Intracellular platelet activating-factor acetylhydrolase type II (PAF-AH II) is a monomeric enzyme with broad substrate specificity and various functions such as protection against oxidative stress, transacetylase activity, and producing lipid mediators. It has been proven to be involved in several diseases and has drawn attention from researchers.
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Julia E. M. Upton, Jennifer A. Hoang, Matilde Leon-Ponte, Yaron Finkelstein, Yue (Jennifer) Du, Khosrow Adeli, Thomas Eiwegger, Eyal Grunebaum, Peter Vadas
Summary: This study found that decreased serum PAF-AH activity is a biomarker of severe anaphylaxis and levels of this enzyme do not change during acute anaphylaxis. The results suggest that PAF-AH may modulate susceptibility to severe anaphylaxis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paraskevi Detopoulou, Constantinos A. Demopoulos, Smaragdi Antonopoulou
Summary: This review discusses the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential anti-viral micronutrients and phytochemicals, highlighting the importance of a healthy diet such as the Mediterranean diet in preventing the disease. The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in COVID-19 pathogenesis is also emphasized, suggesting that a diet containing PAF inhibitors may target both inflammation and thrombosis to prevent the deleterious effects of COVID-19. Further experimental confirmation is needed to validate the PAF-COVID-19 hypothesis.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Makoto Murakami, Rina Takamiya, Yoshimi Miki, Nao Sugimoto, Yuki Nagasaki, Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto, Yoshitaka Taketomi
Summary: Among the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) superfamily, cPLA(2)α and cPLA(2)ε catalyze distinct enzymatic reactions to regulate different sets of lipid mediators, thereby playing different roles in health and disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiao Liu, Yang Liu, Yuan Wang, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang
Summary: This study found that cuproptotic cells release HMGB1 to initiate inflammation. Mechanistically, copper accumulation-induced ATP depletion activates AMPK to promote HMGB1 phosphorylation, resulting in increased release. Inhibiting AMPK activation reduces cuproptosis and HMGB1 release. Cuproptotic cells deficient in HMGB1 show reduced production of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, HMGB1 is a key mediator of sterile inflammation initiated by cuproptosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chuan-hai Tu, Xue-er Qi, Shan-shan Shui, Hui-min Lin, Soottawat Benjakul, Bin Zhang
Summary: The study showed that the oxidative effects of hydroxyl radical significantly increased the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid index in shrimp muscle, altering the lipidomics profiles. Certain lipids could serve as promising biomarkers for distinguishing fresh and oxidation-treated shrimp products.
Review
Cell Biology
Pu Rong, Jie-Li Wang, Angelina Angelova, Zakaria A. Almsherqi, Yuru Deng
Summary: This article explores the relationship between plasmalogens and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF), suggesting the potential role of plasmalogenic analogs of PAF as modulators and PAF antagonists. The metabolic interconversion of these lipids is discussed as an important factor in preventing and relieving PAF-mediated inflammation, and the possibility of plasmalogen analogs as a new class of bioactive anti-inflammatory drugs is proposed. Additionally, the competition between PAF and its natural plasmalogenic analogs for binding to the PAF receptor is proposed as a mechanistic model and potential therapeutic perspective.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Casey G. Cohen, Wei W. Zhao, Danbing Ke, Liane Beaudette, Duncan Lejtenyi, Christine McCusker, Xun Zhang, Edmond S. Chan, Julia E. M. Upton, Eyal Grunebaum, Ann E. Clarke, Bruce D. Mazer, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Summary: Food desensitization via oral immunotherapy (OIT) is gaining acceptance in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess factors associated with the probability of reaching the maintenance dose in cow's milk (CM) OIT. The results showed that higher levels of CM-specific IgE decreased the likelihood of reaching maintenance, whereas an increased cumulative CM dose at entry challenge increased the likelihood.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Julia E. M. Upton, Jennifer A. Hoang, Matilde Leon-Ponte, Yaron Finkelstein, Yue (Jennifer) Du, Khosrow Adeli, Thomas Eiwegger, Eyal Grunebaum, Peter Vadas
Summary: This study found that decreased serum PAF-AH activity is a biomarker of severe anaphylaxis and levels of this enzyme do not change during acute anaphylaxis. The results suggest that PAF-AH may modulate susceptibility to severe anaphylaxis.
Article
Allergy
Carly Sillcox, Sofianne Gabrielli, Ann E. Clarke, Judy Morris, Jocelyn Gravel, Rodrick Lim, Edmond S. Chan, Ran D. Goldman, Andrew O'Keefe, Jennifer Gerdts, Derek K. Chu, Julia Upton, Elana Hochstadter, Jocelyn Moisan, Adam Bretholz, Christine McCusker, Xun Zhang, Jennifer L. P. Protudjer, Elissa M. Abrams, Elinor Simons, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Summary: This study assessed the clinical characteristics and management of pediatric sesame-induced anaphylaxis and identified factors associated with epinephrine treatment. The study found that hummus containing sesame paste is the major trigger, and boys and children with known food allergy are more likely to receive epinephrine treatment. The study suggests the importance of knowledge translation and product-labeling policies to limit sesame reactions in communities.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Laurence Ducharme, Sofianne Gabrielli, Ann E. Clarke, Judy Morris, Jocelyn Gravel, Rodrick Lim, Edmond S. Chan, Ran D. Goldman, Andrew O'Keefe, Jennifer Gerdts, Derek K. Chu, Julia Upton, Elana Hochstadter, Adam Bretholz, Christine McCusker, Xun Zhang, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the rate, clinical characteristics, and management of tree nut-induced anaphylaxis (TNA) in children across Canada. The study found that tree nut-induced reactions accounted for 17% of anaphylaxis cases, with 7.0% being severe reactions. Male sex, older age, and macadamia-triggered reactions were more likely to be associated with severe reactions.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Caroline E. Munoz, Beth MacDonald, Anne Pham-Huy, Wendy Vaudry, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Francois D. Boucher, Cora Constantinescu, Manish Sadarangani, Julie A. Bettinger, Bruce Tapiero, Shaun K. Morris, Athena McConnell, Juthaporn Cowan, Joseline Zafack, Julia Upton, Zainab Abdurrahman, Mary McHenry, Kyla J. Hildebrand, Francisco Noya, Gaston De Serres, Scott A. Halperin, Karina A. Top
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the risk of recurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) upon revaccination and determine the association between allergy skin test positivity and AEFI recurrence in patients with suspected vaccine allergy. The results showed that most individuals with AEFIs can be safely revaccinated, and skin testing may help determine the safety of revaccination for those with suspected vaccine allergy.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Letter
Allergy
Samantha Wong, Lucy Duan, Alana Galper, Adelle Atkinson, Julia Upton, Thomas Eiwegger
Summary: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed non-IgE-mediated reaction to food. The study found that trigger foods can belong to any food group, but are most commonly milk, soy, rice, oat, egg, and fish. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and a pro-active approach to performing guideline-directed oral food challenges in patients with this syndrome.
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Lisa Hung, Alper Celik, Xiaojun Yin, Kai Yu, Alireza Berenjy, Akash Kothari, Helena Obernolte, Julia E. M. Upton, Katrine Lindholm Bogh, Gino R. Somers, Iram Siddiqui, Martin Grealish, Fayez A. Quereshy, Katherina Sewald, Priscilla P. L. Chiu, Thomas Eiwegger
Summary: This study presents a novel ex vivo model using precision cut intestinal slices to study acute, allergen-specific, IgE-mediated smooth muscle contractions. The model can be used to investigate food allergies and the effects of drugs on allergic responses in the gut.
Editorial Material
Allergy
Julia E. M. Upton, Natasha Correa, Thomas Eiwegger
Article
Immunology
Adnan Al Ali, Sofianne Gabrielli, Luca Delli Colli, Marina Delli Colli, Christine McCusker, Ann E. Clarke, Judy Morris, Jocelyn Gravel, Rodrick Lim, Edmond S. Chan, Ran D. Goldman, Andrew O'Keefe, Jennifer Gerdts, Derek K. Chu, Julia Upton, Elana Hochstadter, Jocelyn Moisan, Adam Bretholz, Xun Zhang, Jennifer L. P. Protudjer, Elissa M. Abrams, Elinor Simons, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Summary: This study evaluated the trends in anaphylaxis rates in a pediatric Emergency Department in Montreal, Canada over the past decade. The study found that the rate of anaphylaxis doubled between 2011 and 2015, but decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be attributed to changes in food introduction strategies or lifestyle, as well as reduced social gatherings, school closures, and reluctance to seek medical care during the pandemic.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Arielle Locke, Lisa Hung, Julia E. M. Upton, Liam O'Mahony, Jennifer Hoang, Thomas Eiwegger
Summary: While the incidence and awareness of food allergies are increasing, the available therapeutics are limited. Therefore, research on factors contributing to the development of food allergy and the mechanisms of tolerance or desensitization is needed. Additionally, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective and safe treatment options. New insights from studies on barrier function, emollient interventions, allergen recognition mechanisms, and immune cell subsets provide valuable information. With the introduction of approved peanut allergy treatment, the clinical management of food allergies is evolving towards less intensive approaches with fixed doses, lower maintenance targets, and combination therapies for tolerance induction. Precision-based medicine using risk phenotyping is the ultimate goal for optimal treatment of each food-allergic patient.
Review
Surgery
Pierre-Philippe Piche-Renaud, Erika Yue Lee, Catherine Ji, Jenny Yu Qing Huang, Elizabeth Uleryk, Chia Wei Teoh, Shaun K. Morris, Karina A. Top, Julia E. M. Upton, Manav V. Vyas, Upton D. Allen
Summary: This study synthesized the evidence on the immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness of live-attenuated varicella vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. The results showed that vaccination was safe and immunogenic in this population, although the seroconversion rate was lower than that in the general population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Allergy
Julia Upton, Aikaterini Anagnostou, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Allergy
Jenny Garkaby, Jessica Willett Pachul, Ori Scott, Laura Abrego Fuentes, Linda Vong, Julia E. M. Upton, Vy H. D. Kim, Chaim M. Roifman
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Julia E. M. Upton, Bruce J. Lanser, J. Andrew Bird, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
Summary: Most milk-and egg-allergic children can tolerate milk and egg in baked forms, and some allergists advocate for the introduction of small amounts of baked milk and baked egg to reactive children. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the practice and existing barriers to this approach. This study aimed to assess the implementation of baked milk and baked egg challenges and diets for milk-and egg-allergic children.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
P. Piche-Renaud, E. Y. Lee, C. Ji, J. Y. Huang, E. Uleryk, C. Teoh, K. Morris, K. Top, J. E. Upton, M. V. Vyas, U. Allen
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)