Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noah B. Toppings, Abu Naser Mohon, Yoonjung Lee, Hitendra Kumar, Daniel Lee, Ratik Kapoor, Gurmukh Singh, Lisa Oberding, Omar Abdullah, Keekyoung Kim, Byron M. Berenger, Dylan R. Pillai
Summary: Saliva-Dry LAMP is a rapid and accurate COVID-19 saliva test method with stable dry reagents and a 100% positive confirmatory rate. Featuring easy sample collection, visual detection, and low-cost equipment, it is suitable for resource-limited settings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuxi Wang, Yong Zhang, Junbo Chen, Minjin Wang, Ting Zhang, Wenxin Luo, Yalun Li, Yangping Wu, Bo Zeng, Kaixiang Zhang, Ruijie Deng, Weimin Li
Summary: The detection method using light-up CRISPR-Cas13 technology can sensitively and accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 and its mutated variants, with high specificity and sensitivity, allowing for strict discrimination of key mutations.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
F. Di Maria, G. La Rosa, T. Bonato, A. Pivato, R. Piazza, P. Mancini, G. Bonanno Ferraro, C. Veneri, M. Iaconelli, E. Beccaloni, F. Scaini, L. Bonadonna, T. Vicenza, E. Suffredini
Summary: In this study, an alternative approach called solid waste-based surveillance (SWBS) was explored to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in small communities by sampling saliva left on waste. The findings confirmed the effectiveness of SWBS for non-invasive and dynamic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, with two positive samples containing known amino acid substitutions found in SARS-CoV-2 sequences circulating in Italy.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
Summary: This article discusses the technical advances of CRISPR-Cas13-based methods for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 RNA, which aim to provide rapid, accurate, cost-effective, sensitive, and high-throughput detection with simplified operation. It also critically analyzes the challenges and opportunities for mass testing using these CRISPR-Cas13 platforms.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Eliete Neves Silva Guerra, Vitoria Tavares de Castro, Juliana Amorim dos Santos, Ana Carolina Acevedo, Helene Chardin
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection after vaccination. The results showed that saliva is suitable for antibody detection, although antibody titers are lower in saliva than in serum. However, there may be a lack of mucosal immunity induction after vaccination, highlighting the importance of new vaccination strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Isabel M. Ott, Madison S. Strine, Anne E. Watkins, Maikel Boot, Chaney C. Kalinich, Christina A. Harden, Chantal B. F. Vogels, Arnau Casanovas-Massana, Adam J. Moore, M. Catherine Muenker, Maura Nakahata, Maria Tokuyama, Allison Nelson, John Fournier, Santos Bermejo, Melissa Campbell, Rupak Datta, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Shelli F. Farhadian, Albert Ko, Akiko Iwasaki, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Craig B. Wilen, Anne L. Wyllie
Summary: Although saliva collection devices designed to stabilize SARS-CoV-2 RNA are expensive, the virus RNA in non-supplemented saliva remains stable for extended periods even at elevated temperatures. Simple plastic tubes for saliva collection can facilitate large-scale testing and continuous surveillance.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gijsbert J. Jansen, Marit Wiersma, Willem J. B. van Wamel, Inge D. Wijnberg
Summary: A new method using saliva samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2 can distinguish between the presence and activity of the virus, potentially providing valuable information in the qualitative results of the virus.
Article
Microbiology
Melanie A. MacMullan, Prithivi Chellamuthu, Aubree Mades, Sudipta Das, Fred Turner, Vladimir Slepnev, Albina Ibrayeva
Summary: The study found that the OraSure oral fluid total antibody detection test had comparable sensitivity and specificity to commercially available serum-based ELISAs for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, while also allowing for a more accessible form of specimen collection with the potential for self-collection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Guang Fan, Xuan Qin, Daniel N. Streblow, Cristina Magallanes Hoyos, Donna E. Hansel
Summary: This study demonstrates that saliva can be a good alternative specimen for COVID-19 testing, showing similar test performance characteristics with NP swabs. The study also reveals that the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic populations using saliva and NP swabs are comparable, indicating the potential of using saliva as a noninvasive and convenient sample type for COVID-19 testing.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ming Liao, Jianmin Wu, Manman Dai, Huanan Li, Nan Yan, Runyu Yuan, Chungen Pan
Summary: A convenient and safe method for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in samples was developed, which can be used to identify animals susceptible to infection and determine the virus status in samples, as well as for developing assays for detecting other viruses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Julie De Meyer, Hanne Goris, Olivier Mortele, An Spiessens, Guy Hans, Hilde Jansens, Herman Goossens, Veerle Matheeussen, Sarah Vandamme
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of saliva as a matrix for SARS-CoV-2 detection and compare it with nasopharyngeal swabs. The results showed that saliva had high specificity and negative predictive value in RT-PCR testing. However, both saliva rapid antigen tests had low sensitivity and negative predictive value.
Article
Immunology
Siyang Yu, Peiyan Zhang, Mingfeng Liao, Juanjuan Zhang, Suisui Luo, Jinglei Zhai, Yaxi Zhang, Jingyan Lin, Jing Yuan, Zheng Zhang, Fuxiang Wang, Lanlan Wei
Summary: This study found that saliva IgA could serve as a useful index for early diagnosis of COVID-19. Through testing saliva and serum specimens from 44 COVID-19 patients, the results showed higher COI values for saliva IgA and lower levels of IgG in saliva samples compared to serum samples.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuxi Wang, Ting Xue, Minjin Wang, Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro, Ying Lu, Xinyue Hu, Ting Zhang, Ming Yang, Yalun Li, Jin Xiang, Ruijie Deng, Binwu Ying, Weimin Li
Summary: In this study, a CRISPR-Cas13a cascade-based viral RNA assay was developed for label-free and isothermal detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations in clinical samples. The assay demonstrated high specificity to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other coronaviruses and high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.216 fM. It also showed the capability to discriminate single-nucleotide mutations. The validation results showed 100% agreement with RT-qPCR. This assay has the potential to be used as a routine nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 in resource-limited regions.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Jorik F. Bot, John van der Oost, Niels Geijsen
Summary: The use of CRISPR-Cas13 system for targeted RNA cleavage has shown promising applications in biotechnology and clinical research. However, recent studies have reported potential toxicity and collateral RNA cleavage in eukaryotes. The conflicting observations regarding this phenomenon require further investigation to understand its molecular basis.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiru Li, Jacqueline L. Bruce, Barry Cohen, Caileigh Cunningham, William E. Jack, Katell Kunin, Bradley W. Langhorst, Jacob Miller, Reynes A. Moncion, Catherine B. Poole, Prem K. Premsrirut, Guoping Ren, Richard J. Roberts, Nathan A. Tanner, Yinhua Zhang, Clotilde K. S. Carlow
Summary: This article introduces a saliva-based testing workflow for COVID-19, which is simple, fast, and requires minimal sample treatment and equipment. The optimized workflow shows good specificity and sensitivity in large-scale sample testing, making it suitable for workplace surveillance and reporting.
Article
Ophthalmology
Tyson N. Kim, Michael T. Aaberg, Patrick Li, Jose R. Davila, Malavika Bhaskaranand, Sandeep Bhat, Chaithanya Ramachandra, Kaushal Solanki, Frankie Myers, Clay Reber, Rohan Jalalizadeh, Todd P. Margolis, Daniel Fletcher, Yannis M. Paulus
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a mobile platform combining smartphone-based retinal imaging with automated grading for determining the presence of referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy. Results showed that automated interpretation achieved a lower sensitivity but higher specificity than trained expert graders, indicating potential for improved efficiency in clinical practice. Feasibility testing with non-ophthalmic personnel in a retina clinic with high disease burden suggested further studies are needed to assess efficacy of screening diabetic patients from general population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Parinaz Fozouni, Sungmin Son, Maria Diaz de Leon Derby, Gavin J. Knott, Carley N. Gray, Michael D'Ambrosio, Chunyu Zhao, Neil A. Switz, G. Renuka Kumar, Stephanie Stephens, Daniela Boehm, Chia-Lin Tsou, Jeffrey Shu, Abdul Bhuiya, Maxim Armstrong, Andrew R. Harris, Pei-Yi Chen, Jeannette M. Osterloh, Anke Meyer-Franke, Bastian Joehnk, Keith Walcott, Anita Sil, Charles Langelier, Katherine S. Pollard, Emily D. Crawford, Andreas S. Puschnik, Maira Phelps, Amy Kistler, Joseph L. DeRisi, Jennifer A. Doudna, Daniel A. Fletcher, Melanie Ott
Summary: This study developed an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas13a assay for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2, showing rapid, highly sensitive, and mobile phone-based readout capabilities.
Article
Immunology
David J. Blok, Joseph Kamgno, Sebastien D. Pion, Hugues C. Nana-Djeunga, Yannick Niamsi-Emalio, Cedric B. Chesnais, Charles D. Mackenzie, Amy D. Klion, Daniel A. Fletcher, Thomas B. Nutman, Sake J. de Vlas, Michel Boussinesq, Wilma A. Stolk
Summary: The study shows that in L loa co-endemic areas, using a test-and-not-treat (TaNT) strategy can eliminate onchocerciasis, and the required treatment duration is only slightly longer than in areas with conventional Mass Drug Administration (MDA), provided that participation is good.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Robert Kronstrand, Caitlyn Norman, Svante Vikingsson, Anoek Biemans, Bryan Valencia Crespo, Darren Edwards, Daniel Fletcher, Nicolas Gilbert, Mattias Persson, Robert Reid, Olga Semenova, Faisal Al Teneiji, Xiongyu Wu, Johan Dahlen, Niamh NicDaeid, Fuad Tarbah, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Craig McKenzie, Henrik Green
Summary: The study identified an increasing prevalence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist ADB-BUTINACA and recommended specific metabolites in blood and urine as biomarkers. Another SCRA, ADB-4en-PINACA, was also discovered with a lower prevalence, and metabolites E3 and E7 were suggested as biomarkers.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ashish Kumar, Ferhina S. Ali, Valerie M. Stevens, Jason S. Melo, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Muthiah Srinivasan, Gopal Bhandari, Sadhan Bhandari, Robi N. Maamari, Daniel A. Fletcher, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The study findings suggest that smartphone photography has high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing corneal opacity, particularly for larger, visually significant, and more recent scars.
OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bong-Gyoon Han, Max Armstrong, Daniel A. Fletcher, Robert M. Glaeser
Summary: This Perspective discusses the need for further improvement in the preparation of thin samples for single-particle electron cryo-microscopy, including controlling the sample thickness and preventing macromolecular particles from contacting the air-water interface. The application of theoretical and practical insights from thin-film physical chemistry and interfacial science is proposed to bring cryo-EM sample preparation to a level of sophistication comparable to data collection and analysis.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Scott B. Biering, Sylvia A. Sarnik, Eleanor Wang, James R. Zengel, Sarah R. Leist, Alexandra Schafer, Varun Sathyan, Padraig Hawkins, Kenichi Okuda, Cyrus Tau, Aditya R. Jangid, Connor Duffy, Jin Wei, Rodney C. Gilmore, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Madison S. Strine, Xammy Nguyenla, Erik Van Dis, Carmelle Catamura, Livia H. Yamashiro, Julia A. Belk, Adam Begeman, Jessica C. Stark, D. Judy Shon, Douglas M. Fox, Shahrzad Ezzatpour, Emily Huang, Nico Olegario, Arjun Rustagi, Allison S. Volmer, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, Eddie Wehri, Richard R. Behringer, Dong-Joo Cheon, Julia Schaletzky, Hector C. Aguilar, Andreas S. Puschnik, Brian Button, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Catherine A. Blish, Ralph S. Baric, Wanda K. O'Neal, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Craig B. Wilen, Richard C. Boucher, Jan E. Carette, Sarah A. Stanley, Eva Harris, Silvana Konermann, Patrick D. Hsu
Summary: This study identified mucins as key host factors restricting viral infection, through genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens in human lung epithelial cells expressing the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. These mucins serve as a significant viral restriction network inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory viruses. The findings provide a starting point for new host-directed therapeutics and highlight airway mucins as an important host defense mechanism.
Article
Biology
Tai-De Li, Peter Bieling, Julian Weichsel, R. Dyche Mullins, Daniel A. Fletcher
Summary: Branched actin networks are self-assembling molecular motors that drive important cellular processes. This study measured the effects of applied forces on the assembly of these networks using single-molecule imaging and AFM cantilever deflection. The findings suggest that load forces increase network density but decrease filament nucleation rate.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean T. Coulibaly, Kigbafori D. Silue, Maxim Armstrong, Maria Diaz de Leon Derby, Michael V. D'Ambrosio, Daniel A. Fletcher, Jennifer Keiser, Karla Fisher, Jason R. Andrews, Isaac I. Bogoch
Summary: Schistosomiasis infections have a disproportionate impact on African settings. Mobile phone microscopy showed promising results for schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 93.3% for identifying Schistosoma haematobium compared to conventional light microscopy. It also had a sensitivity of 95% for detecting egg concentrations of five or more per 10 mL of urine.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam J. Stevens, Andrew R. Harris, Josiah Gerdts, Ki H. Kim, Coralie Trentesaux, Jonathan T. Ramirez, Wesley L. McKeithan, Faranak Fattahi, Ophir D. Klein, Daniel A. Fletcher, Wendell A. Lim
Summary: Cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role in various cellular processes, and their synthetic counterparts can be generated by combining extracellular interactions with intracellular domains. These synthetic molecules allow for customized cell-cell interactions with properties similar to native interactions. The intracellular domains determine the interface morphology and mechanics, while the extracellular interaction domains specify the connectivity between cells. This toolkit of synthetic cell adhesion molecules enables the assembly of multicellular architectures and the systematic remodeling of native tissues, providing insights into the evolution of different classes of cell-cell interfaces. Overall, these tools have significant implications for cell and tissue engineering and the study of multicellular organization.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kieran S. O'Brien, Raghunandan Byanju, Ram P. Kandel, Bimal Poudyal, John A. Gonzales, Travis C. Porco, John P. Whitcher, Muthiah Srinivasan, Madan Upadhyay, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether a community-based corneal ulcer prevention program would reduce the incidence of corneal ulcers. The study found that the incidence of corneal ulcers did not decrease under the existing community program.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)