Article
Biology
Nicolas Fay, Bradley Walker, T. Mark Ellison, Zachary Blundell, Naomi De Kleine, Murray Garde, Casey J. Lister, Susan Goldin-Meadow
Summary: This study provides empirical evidence to support the theory that gesture is the primary modality for language creation. The experiments demonstrate that communication success is significantly higher in the gesture modality compared to the vocal modality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Patrick Louis Rohrer, Julia Florit-Pons, Ingrid Vila-Gimenez, Pilar Prieto
Summary: Recent studies have shown that non-referential gestures are used to mark new or accessible referents and focused information in adult speech. However, little is known about the relationship between information structure and gesture referentiality in children's narrative speech. This study analyzed 332 narratives from 83 children at two different time points and found that both referential and non-referential gestures were used more with information that moves discourse forward and predication. Children aged 7-9 tended to use more non-referential gestures for marking focus and comment constituents. Non-referential gestures seem to play a key role in marking the newness of discourse referents, particularly at 5-6 years old and 7-9 years old.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan Komp, Humood H. Alanzi, Ryan Francis, Chau Vuong, Logan Roberts, Amin Mossallanejad, David A. C. Beck
Summary: This article introduces a new protein-temperature sample database, learn2thermDB, which is large in scale and is the largest protein pairing dataset currently available. This database can be used to study the stability of proteins at high temperatures and has potential for deep learning.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Takuma Udagawa, Akiko Aizawa
Summary: Common grounding is crucial in human communication, and creating and maintaining common ground in dynamic environments presents new challenges, such as using complex spatio-temporal expressions. A novel task setting was proposed to study this ability, with a large-scale dataset collected for evaluation and analysis of various dialogue systems. Extensive experiments were conducted to assess baseline dialogue system capabilities and discuss future research prospects.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Conrad O. Iyegbe, Paul F. O'Reilly
Summary: Rare and common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia provide convergent clues about the underlying biology of this complex disorder.
Review
Biology
Judith Holler
Summary: This article argues that visual bodily signals play a crucial role in human communication and mind coordination, going beyond referential and propositional meaning. The human communication system is a multimodal, multilayered, multifunctional system that developed and survived due to its flexibility and adaptability. Visual bodily signals, including gestures, facial expressions, and gaze, contribute significantly to pragmatic processes in modern human communication. This contribution is particularly evident when considering non-iconic manual signals, non-manual signals, and signal combinations.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Stephen C. Levinson
Summary: Human communication is diverse in language but universal in underlying principles. It is suggested that early human communication was gestural, similar to other Hominidae, which contributes to the organizing principles of grammar through spatial concepts implemented in the hippocampus. This article is part of a discussion on advancing the science of social interaction.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Deepak Singh, N. Sandeep
Summary: This study proposes a novel multisource boosting multilevel inverter with a switched-capacitor topology for high-frequency AC applications dominated by photovoltaic sources. The proposed topology has low conduction losses and reduced switching losses.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henri Kauhanen, Deepthi Gopal, Tobias Galla, Ricardo Bermudez-Otero
Summary: This study proposes a model-based approach to quantify the speed of linguistic change, analyzing language change as a stochastic process combining vertical descent, spatial interactions, and mutations. A notion of linguistic temperature emerges from this analysis, serving as a dimensionless measure of the propensity of a linguistic feature to undergo change.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allan Dafoe, Yoram Bachrach, Gillian Hadfield, Eric Horvitz, Kate Larson, Thore Graepel
Summary: Scientists propose reconceiving artificial intelligence as deeply social to help humanity solve fundamental problems of cooperation.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Christophe Heintz, Thom Scott-Phillips
Summary: Human expression is diverse and unified by cognitive capacities for expressing and recognizing informative intentions. These cognitive capacities are adaptations to partner choice social ecology, explaining the massive diversity and open-endedness in human means and modes of expression. This diversity, including language use and other behaviors like joint action, teaching, punishment, and art, is a foundation of distinctive features of human behavior, society, and culture.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gabrielle Hodge, Lindsay Ferrara
Summary: The study of iconicity in language is prevalent in human communication sciences, but comparing and analyzing iconicity across different interactions and communication modes can be challenging. The paradigm of iconicity as a single property is too broad and lacks important details necessary for understanding human communicative potential. This study draws on semiotic approaches to language and communication and proposes an analysis of different semiotic signaling methods in multimodal language use.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
S. Emre Tuna
Summary: This study focuses on networks of coupled LC oscillators that do not have a common ground node, considering both resistive and inductive coupling. It is found that for resistive coupling, the oscillator-coupler interconnection must be bilayer for asymptotic synchronization of oscillator voltages. Additionally, a method is proposed to compute the effective Laplacian matrix for bilayer architecture, which determines the overall coupling. It is proven that the oscillators exhibit synchronous behavior when the effective Laplacian has a single eigenvalue on the imaginary axis.
Article
Robotics
Tianze Hao, Huaping Xiao, Shuhai Liu, Chao Zhang, Hao Ma
Summary: The novel soft hand with a multijointed structure and flexible thenar represents a significant advancement in the development of anthropomorphic bionic hands. It offers benefits such as fast response, low cost, and ease of fabrication, assembly, and replacement.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ru Yao, Connie Qun Guan, Elaine R. Smolen, Brian MacWhinney, Wanjin Meng, Laura M. Morett
Summary: This study investigated gesture-speech integration (GSI) among adolescents who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and those with typical hearing. The results revealed stronger GSI effects among DHH participants compared to those with typical hearing, with significant differences in semantic congruency effect and gender congruency effect.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gal Badihi, Kirsty E. Graham, Brittany Fallon, Alexandra Safryghin, Adrian Soldati, Klaus Zuberbuhler, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: Research finds that there are differences in the form and use of leaf-modifying gestures among East African chimpanzee communities, suggesting that these differences are socially derived. This study reveals unexplored variation and flexibility in animal communication, paving the way for future research on socially derived dialects in non-vocal communication.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kirsty Graham, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: In the comparative study of human and nonhuman communication, ape gesturing provided the first demonstrations of flexible, intentional communication outside human language. We tested human recognition and understanding of 10 frequently used ape gestures and found that humans may retain an understanding of ape gestural communication, drawing deep evolutionary continuity between their communication and our own.
Article
Linguistics
Pritty Patel-Grosz, Matthew Henderson, Patrick Georg Grosz, Kirsty Graham, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: Major advancements in the study of gestures in both humans and non-human primates have been made in recent decades. This paper critically examines the possibility of shared gestural form types across great ape species, including humans, which may contribute to the existence of gestural universals in both form and meaning. The focus of this study is the hand fling gesture, common to chimpanzees and humans, for which a semantic analysis is provided.
LINGUISTICS VANGUARD
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Violet Gibson, Sarah T. Boysen, Catherine Hobaiter, Marina Davila-Ross
Summary: This study investigates the use of objects in social interactions among semi-wild chimpanzees. The results show that chimpanzees adjust their use of objects based on the visual attention of the recipient and the colony membership, suggesting that objects are used by chimpanzees for communication with conspecifics and may be influenced by social factors. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution of human nonverbal communication, language, and tool use.
Article
Ecology
Charlotte Wiltshire, James Lewis-Cheetham, Viola Komedova, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Kirsty E. Graham, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: Studying animal behavior through video coding allows researchers to extract rich behavioral datasets and validate their reliability. However, manually locating relevant footage and coding behavior is time-consuming. Machine learning approaches can automate data extraction, but tracking nuanced behavior in uncontrolled visual environments remains a challenge.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kathelijne Koops, Mimi Arandjelovic, Catherine Hobaiter, Ammie Kalan, Lydia Luncz, Stephanie Musgrave, Liran Samuni, Crickette Sanz, Susana Carvalho
PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Elodie Freymann, Michael A. Huffman, Geresomu Muhumuza, Monday Mbotella Gideon, Klaus Zuberbuhler, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: This article reviews interspecies grooming events among chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest Reserve in Uganda, as well as a case of interspecies play involving chimpanzees and a red-tailed monkey. The study outlines the general function of this behavior, and discusses the costs and benefits for both the chimpanzee groomers and their interspecies counterparts. The findings contribute to our understanding of how chimpanzees distinguish between affiliative and agonistic species and contexts.
Article
Biology
Patrick J. Tkaczynski, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Cedric Girard-Buttoz, Liran Samuni, Corinne Y. Ackermann, Pawel Fedurek, Cristina Gomes, Catherine Hobaiter, Therese Loehrich, Virgile Manin, Anna Preis, Prince D. Vale, Erin G. Wessling, Livia Wittiger, Zinta Zommers, Klaus Zuberbuehler, Linda Vigilant, Tobias Deschner, Roman M. Wittig, Catherine Crockford
Summary: English summary: Using urinary samples from 170 wild chimpanzees, the study found that shared community and non-genetic maternal effects have a greater influence on urinary cortisol levels than genetic inheritance. Consistent individual variation in cortisol levels was observed, but between-group effects were more influential in determining the variation in this trait. Non-genetic maternal effects accounted for a significant proportion of the individual differences in cortisol levels, suggesting a primary role of shared environment in shaping physiology.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Charlotte Grund, Gal Badihi, Kirsty E. Graham, Alexandra Safryghin, Catherine Hobaiter
Summary: Current methodologies pose challenges in studying patterns of gestural communication. To address this, GesturalOrigins presents a bottom-up data collection framework that allows flexible definition of concepts after coding is complete. The methodological tool is illustrated with examples of great ape gestural communication, highlighting differences in action phases and species variation in response latency. By making gesture coding methods transparent and open access, the aim is to promote collaboration and advance comparative gesture research.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Nathaniel J. Dominy, Catherine Hobaiter, Julie M. Harris
Summary: Reindeer is the only ruminant with a color-shifting tapetum lucidum and the only mammal with a lichen-dominated diet. It is unclear why reindeer, a day-active mammal in the Arctic region, would benefit from UV visual sensitivity, but it could improve their ability to detect lichens in their environment.
Article
Zoology
Michelle Bezanson, Liliana Cortes-Ortiz, Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques, Ramesh Boonratana, Susana Carvalho, Marina Cords, Stella de la Torre, Catherine Hobaiter, Tatyana Humle, Patricia Izar, Jessica W. Lynch, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Joanna M. Setchell, Gladys Kalema Zikusoka, Karen B. Strier
Summary: More and more researchers are questioning the terms "Old World" and "New World" due to their colonial implications and history, which may ignore the existence of indigenous peoples. However, finding clear and available alternative terminology is not easy.
Article
Zoology
Catherine Hobaiter, Harmonie Klein, Thibaud Gruber
Summary: This study reports the presence of habitual ground nesting in a newly studied East African chimpanzee population. The researchers found no evidence of socio-ecological factors promoting this behavior and highlighted local factors such as forest disturbance due to poaching and logging as possible deterrents. They argue that the use of population and group-specific behavioral repertoires in flagship species like chimpanzees can be a tool to promote urgent conservation action.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)