Article
Food Science & Technology
Robert L. Myers, Kelly R. Wilson
Summary: The SARE/CTIC national farmer survey analyzed the experiences and perspectives of non-adopters of cover crops. The non-adopters had similar farm sizes and land tenure situations to cover crop adopters, but were more likely to use conventional tillage and less likely to use continuous no-till. Their main concern about cover crops was the time required for planting and management. However, approximately 80% of non-adopters were open to considering cover crops if certain incentives were provided, such as payments, tax breaks, and assistance with soil carbon. They also expressed a desire for more knowledge and training on the benefits of cover crops, specifically in terms of soil organic matter, yield improvement, and reducing input costs.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Silin Liu, Zhiyi Ma, Ying Zhang, Zhongwen Chen, Xiao Du, Yinghui Mu
Summary: This study investigated the potential of white clover and ryegrass as cover crops to inhibit weed growth and the impact of their residue on subsequent crops. The results showed that ryegrass effectively suppressed weed growth but reduced corn yield, while white clover enhanced corn yield with less noticeable weed suppression. Based on this, it is recommended to use ryegrass as a pre-crop to reduce herbicide use in corn cultivation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Zumkeller, Runze Yu, Nazareth Torres, Lauren E. E. Marigliano, Daniele Zaccaria, Sahap Kaan Kurtural
Summary: Sustainable soil management practices in vineyards can contribute to carbon storage, but site characteristics such as soil texture and climate are the key determinants of carbon storage potential.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Lionel Alletto, Ana Cassigneul, Apolline Duchalais, Simon Giuliano, Julie Brechemier, Eric Justes
Summary: The study found that implementing conservation tillage and cover crops in maize monoculture systems can reduce environmental impacts and improve agronomic performance. The specific cover crop species and termination dates can affect soil water content, and leaving the soil bare can decrease maize yields.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Soil Science
Xuezhen Wang, Hao Zhou, Shengsheng Wang, Hanmi Zhou, Jiangtao Ji
Summary: Conservation tillage technology (CTT) is an efficient method for farmland protection and utilization. Mechanical subsoiling is identified as an effective practice to disrupt hardpans and reduce soil bulk density. This review provides a comprehensive summary of subsoiling tools, methods for reducing tillage force during subsoiling, and recommendations for future research directions.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Courtland Kelly, Steven J. Fonte, Anil Shrestha, Kent M. Daane, Jeffrey P. Mitchell
Summary: The study found that in temperate regions, cover crop rotation and reduced tillage have a positive impact on soil macrofauna abundance and taxonomic richness, which can increase soil carbon content, water infiltration, and soil aggregate stability.
APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Lenon Henrique Lovera, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Diego Alexander Aguilera Esteban, Ingrid Nehmi de Oliveira, Camila Viana Vieira Farhate, Elizeu de Souza Lima, Alan Rodrigo Panosso
Summary: The study showed that under different soil tillage systems and cover crops, sugarcane root system attributes varied in different soil layers. Although there were some significant differences in root biomass, more roots were accumulated during the second crop cycle.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Jeff Rutan, Noah Rosenzweig, Kurt Steinke
Summary: The utilization of cover crops before planting corn can increase plant diversity and affect soil bacterial communities, but the impact varies depending on factors such as cover crop type and nitrogen fertilizer management. The inclusion of slowly-available organic N in a well-balanced fertility program may help stabilize the effects of inorganic N fertilizer on soil bacterial communities.
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Nicolas Guillermo Polich, Luis Alberto Lozano, Rafael Villarreal, Maria Paz Salazar, Esteban M. Melani, C. German Soracco
Summary: No tillage (NT) in simplified agricultural systems has negative effects on soil physical quality, but the inclusion of winter cover crops (CC) can help preserve the physical fertility of soils under NT. This study aimed to determine the effect of cover crop incorporation under NT on the soil pore system configuration and anisotropy of unsaturated hydraulic properties. Results showed that cover crops increased the structure porosity and modified the anisotropy of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Humberto Blanco-Canqui
Summary: Cover crops have mixed effects on earthworm biomass and diversity, but generally increase earthworm abundance. More data from different cover crop management scenarios and climates are needed for more robust conclusions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Carlos Felipe dos Santos Cordeiro, Fabio Rafael Echer, Fabio Fernando Araujo
Summary: This study evaluated the chemical characteristics and microbial activity of sandy soil, as well as the effects of different rotation systems on crop yield. Results showed that using cover crops in off-season cultivation improved soil quality and crop yield varied depending on the cover crop treatments. Implementing cover crop systems improved microbial soil activity in sandy soil, with benefits to yield and soil chemistry observed after the third year of cultivation.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Hong T. T. Phan, Tomke Susanne Wacker, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen
Summary: The study compared the effects of cover crop and autumn tillage systems on nitrogen uptake of barley and thistle, finding that cover crops facilitated nitrogen distribution in the topsoil, enhancing crop competitiveness and post-harvest control of perennial weeds.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Amin Nouri, Scott Lukas, Shikha Singh, Surendra Singh, Stephen Machado
Summary: Cover crops have been found to significantly reduce nitrate leaching in agricultural systems, with the greatest effects observed in cover crops from Brassicaceae and Poaceae families, as well as on Ultisols, Histosols, and Inceptisols. The effectiveness of cover crops in reducing nitrate leaching is influenced by soil type and composition, with higher sand content leading to better results.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Karla Wilke, Johnathon Holman, Cody F. Creech, Augustine K. Obour, Lindsey Anderson
Summary: The impact of grazing cover crops (CCs) on soils and crop yields is not well understood. Available literature suggests that grazing can lead to the loss of CC biomass. Grazing CCs can increase soil compaction but generally below the root-growth threshold level. The effects of grazing on soil C concentration, wet aggregate stability, water infiltration, water retention, and soil microbial biomass are small and inconsistent. Grazing does not significantly affect subsequent crop yields, but high stocking rates or wet soils may result in soil compaction and yield reduction. More long-term data are needed to study the implications of CC grazing under different conditions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Resham Thapa, Miguel Cabrera, Harry H. Schomberg, Chris Reberg-Horton, Hanna Poffenbarger, Steven B. Mirsky
Summary: During the decomposition of plant litter, its mass decreases exponentially, which is influenced by the litter type and overall quality. Our study results indicate that the initial chemistry of the litter plays a strong control role in the chemical composition during the decomposition process.
Article
Agronomy
Stephen C. Smith, Katherine M. Jennings, David W. Monks, David L. Jordan, S. Chris Reberg-Horton, Michael R. Schwarz
Summary: Field studies in North Carolina examined the effects of indaziflam on sweetpotato and its control of Palmer amaranth. Pre-transplant application caused less injury to sweetpotato, while postemergence application resulted in transient foliar injury. The best control of Palmer amaranth was achieved when indaziflam was applied pretransplant or 7 days after transplanting. Delayed application of indaziflam resulted in decreased marketable yield of sweetpotato.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chengsong Hu, J. Alex Thomasson, Chris Reberg-Horton, Steven B. Mirsky, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan
Summary: This study develops a framework to synthesize 3D agricultural vegetation scenes using photometric approaches. The framework is used to train neural networks with rendered images for weed detection, resulting in significant improvement in detection performance. The promising results open up possibilities for future research, including the development of publicly available 3D crop and weed databases.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lais B. Martins, Peter Balint-Kurti, S. Chris Reberg-Horton
Summary: Peas are the second most cultivated pulse crop and can be used for human food, fodder, and cover crop. Ascochyta blight caused by Peyronella pinodes is the most serious foliar disease of pea cultivars worldwide. We identified genomic loci associated with variation in pea traits through genetic analysis and genome-wide association study.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xuelin Zhang, Yunpeng Qiu, Frank S. Gilliam, Christopher J. Gillespie, Cong Tu, S. Chris Reberg-Horton, Shuijin Hu
Summary: Plant roots and AMF reduce N2O emissions in agroecosystems by decreasing soil nitrogen availability and shifting the community composition of N2O-producing microbes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
April M. Dobbs, S. Chris Reberg-Horton, Lori Unruh Snyder, Ramon G. Leon
Summary: This study evaluated the weediness and invasiveness potential of Carinata in the southeastern US through field experiments and risk assessments. The results showed that buried seeds with predator exclusion had the highest seedling emergence and survival rates. Risk assessments indicated a low risk in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Based on these findings, it was concluded that volunteer Carinata poses a low risk of weediness and invasiveness in the southeastern US.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Steven B. Mirsky, Brian W. Davis, Hanna Poffenbarger, Michel A. Cavigelli, Jude E. Maul, Harry Schomberg, John T. Spargo, Resham Thapa
Summary: Cover crop quality and nitrogen inputs have a linear-plateau relationship with corn yield, and optimizing corn yields requires additional poultry litter application based on the cover crop C:N ratio. Comparing different application methods, there were no significant differences in corn yield responses. This approach provides guidance for nitrogen management in subsequent cash crops following winter cover crops.
Review
Agronomy
Deepak R. Joshi, Heidi L. Sieverding, Hui Xu, Hoyoung Kwon, Michael Wang, Sharon A. Clay, Jane M. Johnson, Resham Thapa, Shaina Westhoff, David E. Clay
Summary: By analyzing the impacts of cover crops on soil organic carbon accumulation, this study found that cover crops can increase SOC by an average of 7.3%. The study also evaluated the influence of various factors on this impact, suggesting that current cover crop-based corn production systems in the United States sequester 5.5 million Mg of SOC annually and have the potential to sequester 175 million Mg SOC per year globally. These findings contribute to improving carbon footprint calculations and informing policy recommendations.
Article
Agronomy
Carley Meeks, Miguel Cabrera, Resham Thapa, Nadia Noor, Steven Mirsky, Chris Reberg-Horton
Summary: This study aims to improve a sub-module within the CC-NCALC that simulates water content and water potential of cover crop residues. The results showed that the water release curves of residues change with decomposition and lignin concentration, and the rewetting rate of residues depends on soluble carbohydrate concentrations.
Article
Agronomy
Deepak R. Joshi, Sharon A. Clay, Prakriti Sharma, Hossein Moradi Rekabdarkolaee, Tulsi Kharel, Donna M. Rizzo, Resham Thapa, David E. Clay
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using satellite remote sensing and artificial intelligence models to predict soybean yield. The results showed that the deep neural network model outperformed other models in predicting soybean yield. As the crops matured, the predictive ability of the models improved. Further research is needed to assess the model's ability to predict soybean yield using vegetation indices data for fields not included in the model training.
Article
Agronomy
April M. Dobbs, Daniel Ginn, Soren Kelstrup Skovsen, Ramawatar Yadav, Prashant Jha, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Steven B. Mirsky, Chris S. Reberg-Horton, Ramon G. Leon
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry to estimate biomass in cereal rye and winter wheat cover crops. The results show that SfM can provide more accurate estimation of biomass by capturing species-level differences in canopy architecture, compared to using canopy height alone.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Resham Thapa, Miguel Cabrera, Harry H. Schomberg, Chris Reberg-Horton, Hanna Poffenbarger, Steven B. Mirsky
Summary: During the decomposition of plant litter, its mass decreases exponentially, which is influenced by the litter type and overall quality. Our study results indicate that the initial chemistry of the litter plays a strong control role in the chemical composition during the decomposition process.
Article
Agronomy
Ramon G. Leon, Fernando H. Oreja, Steven B. Mirsky, Chris Reberg-Horton
Summary: Replacement series experiments are commonly used to study the dynamics of competition at different levels, but inherent biases associated with plant size differences and density-dependent responses have been a concern. This study explored three models to determine reference densities for replacement series experiments and found that using functional densities based on biomass accumulation inflection point can minimize biases and provide more accurate characterization of competitive responses.