In-situ measurement of Ce concentration in high-temperature molten salts using acoustic-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with gas protective layer

An advanced nuclear reactor based on molten salts including a molten salt reactor and pyroprocessing needs a sensitive monitoring system suitable for operation in harsh environments with limited access. Multi-element detection is challenging with the conventional technologies that are compatible with the in-situ operation; hence laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been investigated as a potential alternative. However, limited precision is a chronic problem with LIBS. We increased the precision of LIBS under high temperature by protecting optics using a gas protective layer and correcting for shotto-shot variance and lens-to-sample distance using a laser-induced acoustic signal. This study investigates cerium as a surrogate for uranium and corrosion products for simulating corrosive environments in LiCl-KCl. While the un-corrected limit of detection (LOD) range is 425-513 ppm, the acousticcorrected LOD range is 360-397 ppm. The typical cerium concentrations in pyroprocessing are about two orders of magnitude higher than the LOD found in this study. A LIBS monitoring system that adopts these methods could have a significant impact on the ability to monitor and provide early detection of the transient behavior of salt composition in advanced molten salt-based nuclear reactors. (c) 2022 Korean Nuclear Society, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study aims to improve the precision of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) under high temperature for monitoring in advanced molten salt-based nuclear reactors. By protecting optics using a gas protective layer and correcting for shot-to-shot variance and lens-to-sample distance, the precision of LIBS has been increased. The study uses cerium as a surrogate for uranium and corrosion products to simulate corrosive environments, demonstrating the potential impact of a LIBS monitoring system on early detection of salt composition behavior in these reactors.