期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 515, 期 3, 页码 4082-4098出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2062
关键词
stars: abundances; stars: chemically peculiar; stars: Population II; techniques: spectroscopic; methods: data analysis
资金
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [834148]
- National Science Foundation
- National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2021R1A2C1008679]
- ERC Starting Grant NEFERTITI [H2020/808240]
- French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-18-CE31-0017]
- Dutch Research Council (NWO) [VI.Vidi.193.093]
- NOIRLab
- International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [730890]
- ESO [095.D-0202(A), 096.D-0018(A), 097.D0196(A), 098.D0434(A), 099.D-0428(A)]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- MaxPlanck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
- National Development and Reform Commission
- [S/2017B/01]
- [A/2018A/01]
- [OPTICON 2018B/029]
- [OPTICON 2019A/045]
- [A/2020A/11]
Carbon enhanced metal-poor stars are valuable for Galactic archaeology, but comparing different literature samples reveals inconsistencies. Systematic differences in the analysis pipelines contribute to biases. Recommendations are provided to unlock the full potential of CEMP stars.
Carbon enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are a unique resource for Galactic archaeology because they probe the properties of the First Stars, early chemical evolution, and binary interactions at very low metallicity. Comparing the fractions and properties of CEMP stars in different Galactic environments can provide us with unique insights into the formation and evolution of the Milky Way halo and its building blocks. In this work, we investigate whether directly comparing fractions of CEMP stars from different literature samples of very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -2.0) stars is valid. We compiled published CEMP fractions and samples of Galactic halo stars from the past 25 years, and find that they are not all consistent with each other. Focusing on giant stars, we find significant differences between various surveys when comparing their trends of [Fe/H] versus [C/Fe] and their distributions of CEMP stars. To test the role of the analysis pipelines for low-resolution spectroscopic samples, we re-analysed giant stars from various surveys with the SSPP and FERRE pipelines. We found systematic differences in [C/Fe] of similar to 0.1-0.4 dex, partly independent of degeneracies with the stellar atmospheric parameters. These systematics are likely due to the different pipeline approaches, different assumptions in the employed synthetic grids, and/or the comparison of different evolutionary phases. We conclude that current biases in (the analysis of) very metal-poor samples limit the conclusions one can draw from comparing different surveys. We provide some recommendations and suggestions that will hopefully aid the community to unlock the full potential of CEMP stars for Galactic archaeology.
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