期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 49, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2022GL099064
关键词
atmospheric lightning; blue discharges; overshooting top; convection
资金
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [1026-00420B]
- ESA
- ESA PRODEX contracts [4000115884, 4000123438]
- national grant of Denmark
- national grant of Norway
- national grant of Spain
Blue electric streamer discharges in the upper reaches of thunderclouds are observed with two different rise time distributions, one closely associated with cloud tops and relatively unaffected by cloud scattering, and the other originating from deeper within the clouds. Shallow events are more likely to have overshooting tops compared to deeper events. Additionally, both shallow and deeper events have higher Convective Available Potential Energy than lightning cells, indicating a strong convective environment preference for these discharges.
Blue electric streamer discharges in the upper reaches of thunderclouds are observed as flashes of 337.0 nm (blue) with faint or no emissions of 777.4 nm (red). Analyzing 3 years of measurements by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor on the International Space Station, we find that their distribution in rise time falls into two categories. One with fast rise times of 30 mu s or less that are relatively unaffected by cloud scattering and emanate from within similar to 2 km of the cloud tops, and another with longer rise times from deeper within the clouds. 50% of cells generating shallow events are associated with overshooting tops compared to 34% of cells generating deeper events. The median Convective Available Potential Energy of the cells is similar to 70% higher for the shallow events and similar to 38% higher for the deeper events than for lightning cells, suggesting the discharges are favored by strongly convective environments.
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