Predictive models aren't for causal inference

Ecologists often rely on observational data to understand causal relationships. Although observational causal inference methodologies exist, predictive techniques such as model selection based on information criterion (e.g. AIC) remains a common approach used to understand ecological relationships. However, predictive approaches are not appropriate for drawing causal conclusions. Here, we highlight the distinction between predictive and causal inference and show how predictive techniques can lead to biased causal estimates. Instead, we encourage ecologists to valid causal inference methods such as the backdoor criterion, a graphical rule that can be used to determine causal relationships across observational studies.

Automated summary

Ecologists often rely on observational data to understand causal relationships, but predictive techniques are not suitable for drawing causal conclusions. Instead, valid causal inference methods such as the backdoor criterion can be used to determine causal relationships in observational studies.