Higher circulating GlycA, a pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker, relates to Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass in nondiabetic subjects but not in diabetic or metabolic syndrome subjects

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is a cardiovascular risk marker, which is in part complexed to low-density lipoproteins, where it exerts pro-inflammatory properties. GlycA is a pro-inflammatory proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarker whose signal originates from a subset of N-acetylglucosamine residues on the most abundant glycosylated acute-phase proteins. OBJECTIVE: We compared plasma GlycA and Lp-PLA(2) mass between subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and subjects with T2DM and/or MetS. We also tested the relationship of GlycA with Lp-PLA(2) in each group. METHODS: Plasma GlycA, Lp-PLA(2) mass, high-sensitivity C-reactivity protein (hsCRP) and lipids were measured in 40 subjects with neither T2DM nor MetS (group 1) and in 58 subjects with T2DM and/or MetS (group 2). RESULTS: GlycA and hsCRP were higher (P < .01 for each), whereas Lp-PLA(2) was lower in group 2 vs group 1 (P < .001). GlycA was positively related to hsCRP in each group (P < .001). In contrast, GlycA was correlated positively with Lp-PLA(2) in group 1 (r = 0.384, P = .015), but not in group 2 (r = 0.045; P = .74; interaction term for difference: P = .059). Although Lp-PLA(2) was correlated positively with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in each group (P < .02), its inverse relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in group 1 (r = -0.381, P = .013) was absent in group 2 (r = -0.101, P = .42). CONCLUSIONS: A pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker, GlycA, is higher in subjects with either T2DM, MetS, or both. The normally present positive relationship of GlycA with Lp-PLA(2) is blunted in subjects with T2DM and/or MetS. 2015 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.