Article
Immunology
Savannah E. Butler, Andrew R. Crowley, Harini Natarajan, Shiwei Xu, Joshua A. Weiner, Carly A. Bobak, Daniel E. Mattox, Jiwon Lee, Wendy Wieland-Alter, Ruth Connor, Peter F. Wright, Margaret E. Ackerman
Summary: Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for vaccine development and antibody-based interventions. Antibody responses in convalescent individuals varied depending on disease severity, with systemic and mucosal responses showing different characteristics. Neutralization and antibody-mediated effector functions in serum correlated with IgG response magnitude, while nasal neutralization was associated with IgA response, highlighting the importance of assessing mucosal immunity in larger natural infection cohorts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Leela R. L. Davies, Deniz Cizmeci, Wenyue Guo, Corinne Luedemann, Ronika Alexander-Parrish, Lindsay Grant, Raul Isturiz, Christian Theilacker, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner, Galit Alter
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis in older adults. Two vaccines, PPSV23 and PCV13, containing S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides are currently in use. While both vaccines elicit similar killing activity, PCV13 induces a broader and more durable antibody response with increased functionality.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Tobias Burkard, Martina Herrero San Juan, Caroline Dreis, Anastasiia Kiprina, Dmitry Namgaladze, Kai Siebenbrodt, Sebastian Luger, Christian Foerch, Josef M. Pfeilschifter, Andreas Weigert, Heinfried H. Radeke
Summary: Functionally distinct cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be identified based on their expression of CD8, playing opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The presence of CD8(Low) T cells correlated with poor prognosis and enhanced cancer progression, while a reduced frequency of these cells was found in relapse multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy subjects during immune cell starvation in vitro.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Liu, Lingyun Li, Fusheng Si, Lan Huang, Yangjing Zhao, Chenchen Zhang, Daniel F. Hoft, Guangyong Peng
Summary: NK and NKT cells exhibit distinct properties and functions during tumor development. While NK cells become senescent cells in later cancer stages, NKT cells, especially iNKT cells, develop increased activation within the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted NKT cells display unbalanced metabolism in tumor microenvironments of both breast cancer and melanoma tumor models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilya S. Belalov, Arseniy A. Sokolov, Andrey V. Letarov
Summary: Adaptive immunity systems can be categorized into two types: prokaryotes possess CRISPR-Cas systems that recognize former invaders using captured DNA fragments as pathogen signatures, while mammals possess a repertoire of antibodies and T-cell receptor variants generated in advance. The principle of preemptive production of diverse defense proteins for future use can potentially also occur in microbes. In this study, we propose and test the hypothesis that prokaryotes employ diversity-generating retroelements to prepare defense proteins against yet-unknown invaders using bioinformatics methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Takeyuki Goto, Yong Chong, Naoki Tani, Natsumi Susai, Tomoyo Yoshinaga, Tomoki Sasaki, Masahiro Taniguchi, Takahiro Kusakabe, Nobuyuki Shimono, Koichi Akashi, Hideyuki Ikematsu
Summary: The study found that cross-reactive vaccine-induced immunity was strongly stimulated following Omicron breakthrough infection, which contributed to Omicron neutralization. Measuring variant-specific antibody levels as well as neutralizing activity is useful for evaluating humoral immunity after breakthrough infection in the current situation of antigenic gaps between vaccinated and epidemic strains.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah G. Cook, Nicole L. Rumian, K. Ulrich Bayer
Summary: CaMKII T286 autophosphorylation is required for both forms of hippocampal LTD, but with differential requirements for heterosynaptic communication of excitatory signals to inhibitory synapses.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jennie C. Kim, Xian Liu, Karen Fitzgerald, Jason S. Eng, Jessica Orf, Sarah A. O'Brien, Brian Belmontes, Amy-Jo Casbon, Sergey Novitskiy, Kristin Tarbell, Jason DeVoss, Jackson G. Egen
Summary: STING pathway plays context-dependent roles in regulating anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. In poorly immunogenic tumor models, STING expression in non-tumor cells is crucial for productive anti-tumor immune responses. In immunogenic models, constitutive STING activation in tumor cells can partially bypass the requirement for STING-dependent activity from immune cells.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tomasz Suchocki, Bartosz Czech, Aleksandra Dunislawska, Anna Slawinska, Natalia Derebecka, Joanna Wesoly, Maria Siwek, Joanna Szyda
Summary: In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant impacts on antibody response were identified using a SNP prioritization method in F2 experimental individuals created by crossing Green-legged Partridgelike and White Leghorn. SNPs located in specific genomic regions were pre-targeted based on literature references and database information. The analysis revealed that certain SNPs, particularly located on GGA2 in the MYD88 gene, played a crucial role in determining antibody response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander C. Dowell, Tara Lancaster, Rachel Bruton, Georgina Ireland, Christopher Bentley, Panagiota Sylla, Jianmin Zuo, Sam Scott, Azar Jadir, Jusnara Begum, Thomas Roberts, Christine Stephens, Shabana Ditta, Rebecca Shepherdson, Annabel A. Powell, Andrew J. Brent, Bernadette Brent, Frances Baawuah, Ifeanyichukwu Okike, Joanne Beckmann, Shazaad Ahmad, Felicity Aiano, Joanna Garstang, Mary E. Ramsay, Rafaq Azad, Dagmar Waiblinger, Brian Willett, John Wright, Shamez N. Ladhani, Paul Moss
Summary: Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are dominant globally and highly infectious in children. Initial Omicron infection triggers a weak antibody response, but subsequent reinfection or vaccination results in increased antibody levels and broad neutralization of Omicron subvariants. Previous infection with pre-Omicron strains or vaccination primes for strong antibody responses following Omicron infection, albeit primarily targeting ancestral variants. Cellular responses are robust and equivalent across all groups, providing protection against severe disease regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant. Immunological imprinting may play a vital role in long-term humoral immunity, but its clinical significance is uncertain.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Laila Abdelwareth, Farida Alhousani, Rowan Abuyadek, James Donnelly, Andrea Leinberger-Jabari, Shereen Atef, Rami H. Al-Rifai
Summary: This study compares the humoral immune response in individuals who were naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and then vaccinated. The results show that vaccination following natural infection leads to a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, particularly ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Bo Qin, Shichao Yu, Qiming Chen, Li Hua Jin
Summary: Autophagy is an essential cellular process that regulates development and stress responses. However, its role in innate immunity is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Atg2, an autophagy-related protein, plays an important role in controlling innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Inhibiting Atg2 led to the formation of melanotic nodules, disrupted phagocytosis, altered the expression of AMP-encoding genes, and impaired the ability to resist bacterial infections.
Article
Biology
May A. Alsayb, Ali Dakhilallah D. Alsamiri, Hatem Q. Makhdoom, Turki Alwasaidi, Haitham Mohammed Osman, Waleed H. Mahallawi
Summary: The study explored the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered COVID-19 patients, finding significantly increased levels of CD4' T cells in those with mild and moderate symptoms. Anti-S IgG antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was observed in all recovered patients regardless of clinical presentation, with detectable levels up to 90 days post-infection. Further analysis is needed to understand the relationship between different clinical presentations and lymphocyte activation and function.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Kwiatkowska, Krzysztof Safranow, Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko, Paulina Roszkowska, Violetta Dziedziejko, Marek Myslak, Jacek Rozanski, Kazimierz Ciechanowski, Tomasz Stompor, Jaroslaw Przybycinski, Piotr Wisniewski, Norbert Kwella, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Tomasz Prystacki, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Leszek Domanski
Summary: For patients with CKD, two doses of mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech's Comirnaty COVID-19 Vaccine and Moderna's mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine) can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Important factors influencing the antibody levels after vaccination include pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil absolute count, and hemoglobin level. Patients with a pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection have higher cellular immunity. Cellular immunity depends on the albumin level.
Article
Immunology
Barbara Poniedzialek, Ewelina Hallmann, Dominika Sikora, Karol Szymanski, Katarzyna Kondratiuk, Jakub Zurawski, Piotr Rzymski, Lidia Brydak
Summary: Evidence suggests that vaccination against seasonal influenza can enhance innate immune responses to COVID-19 and reduce disease severity. This study aimed to compare humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized, COVID-19 unvaccinated patients and mild COVID-19 convalescent patients who were and were not vaccinated against influenza. The results showed that influenza-vaccinated patients had higher levels of antibodies against nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain compared to non-vaccinated patients.
Article
Microbiology
Joel R. Wilmore, Brian T. Gaudette, Daniela Gomez Atria, Tina Hashemi, Derek D. Jones, Christopher A. Gardner, Stephen D. Cole, Ana M. Misic, Daniel P. Beiting, David Allman
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2018)
Review
Immunology
David Allman, Joel R. Wilmore, Brian T. Gaudette
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kamila Czechowska, Joanne Lannigan, Lili Wang, Judith Arcidiacono, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Ruth M. Barnard, Steven Bauer, Claudia Bispo, Diana L. Bonilla, Ryan R. Brinkman, Maciej Cabanski, Hyun-Dong Chang, Lina Chakrabarti, Grace Chojnowski, Bunny Cotleur, Heba Degheidy, Gelo V. Dela Cruz, Steven Eck, John Elliott, Rachel Errington, Andy Filby, Dominic Gagnon, Rui Gardner, Cherie Green, Michael Gregory, Christopher J. Groves, Christopher Hall, Frederik Hammes, Michael Hedrick, Robert Hoffman, Jaroslav Icha, Johanna Ivaska, Dominic C. Jenner, Derek Jones, Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof, Christian Kukat, David Lanham, Silas Leavesley, Michael Lee, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Virginia Litwin, Yanli Liu, Jenny Molloy, Jonni S. Moore, Susann Mueller, Jakub Nedbal, Raluca Niesner, Nao Nitta, Betsy Ohlsson-Wilhelm, Nicole E. Paul, Stephen Perfetto, Ziv Portat, Ruben Props, Stefan Radtke, Radhika Rayanki, Aja Rieger, Samson Rogers, Peter Rubbens, Robert Salomon, Matthias Schiemann, John Sharpe, Soren Ulrik Sonder, Jennifer J. Stewart, Yongliang Sun, Henning Ulrich, Gert Van Isterdael, Alessandra Vitaliti, Caryn van Vreden, Michael Weber, Jacob Zimmermann, Giacomo Vacca, Paul Wallace, Attila Tarnok
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Irene Chernova, Namrata Krishnan
CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian T. Gaudette, Derek D. Jones, Alexandra Bortnick, Yair Argon, David Allman
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Brian T. Gaudette, David Allman
Summary: Antibody-secreting plasma cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity, however, many questions about their generation and survival mechanisms remain unanswered. Research focuses on the earliest stages of plasma cell genesis to develop a model that explains their functions and longevity.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Istvan Tombacz, Emily Bettini, Katlyn Lederer, Chutamath Sittplangkoon, Joel R. Wilmore, Brian T. Gaudette, Ousamah Y. Soliman, Matthew Pine, Philip Hicks, Tomaz B. Manzoni, James J. Knox, John L. Johnson, Dorottya Laczko, Hiromi Muramatsu, Benjamin Davis, Wenzhao Meng, Aaron M. Rosenfeld, Shirin Strohmeier, Paulo J. C. Lin, Barbara L. Mui, Ying K. Tam, Katalin Kariko, Alain Jacquet, Florian Krammer, Paul Bates, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Eline T. Luning Prak, David Allman, Michela Locci, Norbert Pardi
Summary: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines have intrinsic adjuvant activity that enhances durable and protective antibody responses. Compared to the widely used MF59-like adjuvant AddaVax, this LNP formulation outperforms and relies on specific components and cytokine induction for its adjuvant activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene Chernova, Wenzhi Song, Holly Steach, Omeed Hafez, Jafar Al Souz, Ping-Min Chen, Nisha Chandra, Lloyd Cantley, Margaret Veselits, Marcus R. Clark, Joe Craft
Summary: The kidney is a harsh microenvironment with high sodium concentrations, but lymphocytes can infiltrate and survive in autoimmune diseases such as lupus. However, the effects of sodium-lymphocyte interactions on tissue injury in autoimmune diseases and the mechanisms used by infiltrating lymphocytes to survive in the sodium-rich kidney are not yet understood. This study shows that kidney-infiltrating B cells in lupus can adapt to high sodium concentrations by expressing sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase), and inhibition or knockout of this enzyme results in reduced B cell infiltration and improved kidney function. High expression of Na+-K+-ATPase is also observed in B cells from human lupus nephritis biopsies. These findings suggest that Na+-K+-ATPase could be a potential therapeutic target for lupus nephritis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniela Gomez Atria, Brian T. Gaudette, Jennifer Londregan, Samantha Kelly, Eric Perkey, Anneka Allman, Bhaskar Srivastava, Ute Koch, Freddy Radtke, Burkhard Ludewig, Christian W. Siebel, Russell Jh Ryan, Tanner F. Robertson, Janis K. Burkhardt, Warren S. Pear, David Allman, Ivan Maillard
Summary: In lymphopenic environments, transferred follicular B cells can transdifferentiate into marginal zone B cells, acquiring characteristics and functions similar to marginal zone B cells.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Krista L. Newell, Justin Cox, Adam T. Waickman, Joel R. Wilmore, Gary M. Winslow
Summary: T-bet(+) B cells are a major B cell subset associated with both protective immunity and immunopathogenesis. They are characterized by a specific transcription factor and an effector program. During mouse infection with intracellular bacteria, T-bet(+) B cells play important roles in both the spleen and peritoneal cavity.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Brian T. Gaudette, Carly J. Roman, Trini A. Ochoa, Daniela Gomez Atria, Derek D. Jones, Christian W. Siebel, Ivan Maillard, David Allman
Summary: Little is known about how cells regulate and integrate distinct biosynthetic pathways governing differentiation and cell division. For B lineage cells it is widely accepted that activated cells must complete several rounds of mitosis before yielding antibody-secreting plasma cells. However, we report that marginal zone (MZ) B cells, innate-like naive B cells known to generate plasma cells rapidly in response to blood-borne bacteria, generate functional plasma cells despite cell-cycle arrest. Further, short-term Notch2 blockade in vivo reversed division-independent differentiation potential and decreased transcript abundance for numerous mTORC1-and Myc-regulated genes. Myc loss compromised plasma cell differentiation for MZ B cells, and reciprocally induced ectopic mTORC1 signaling in follicular B cells enabled division-independent differentiation and plasma cell-affiliated gene expression. We conclude that ongoing in situ Notch2/mTORC1 signaling in MZ B cells establishes a unique cellular state that enables rapid division-independent plasma cell differentiation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)